Deck 22: Nutrition in Critical Care

Question 1

Urinary creatinine values may be used to estimate:
1) Muscle protein reserves
2) Number of functioning nephrons
3) Metabolic waste products of respiration
4) The client's current phase of the stress response

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which of the following would a nurse identify as a metabolic state that decreases a client's need for kilocalories?
1) Burns
2) Sepsis
3) Trauma
4) Starvation

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Which of the following is not an adaptive response of the body to uncomplicated starvation?
1) Increased efficiency in reuse of amino acids
2) Decreased urea nitrogen excretion
3) Heightened awareness
4) Increased use of fatty acids for energy

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Predictive equations are used to determine a client's ______ goal.
1) Electrolyte
2) Kilocalorie
3) Mineral
4) Protein

Question 5

Critical care patients with normal renal and liver function need at least ______ grams of protein per kg of ideal or actual body weight.
1) 0.8 to 1.2
2) 1 to 1.1
3) 1.2 to 2.0
4) 5.5 to 6.5

Question 6

The production of glucose from noncarbohydrate body sources, such as glycerol from adipose tissue and amino acids from muscle tissue, is called:
1) Glucosuria
2) Glycogenolysis
3) Lipolysis
4) Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

The most critical requirement for a burn client is:
1) Protein for healing
2) Fluid for replacement
3) Carbohydrate to spare protein
4) Fat for kilocalories

Question 8

A condition, usually febrile, resulting from microorganisms or their toxins in the bloodstream is:
1) An infection
2) Pathogenesis
3) Sepsis
4) Hypermetabolism

Question 9

Refeeding syndrome can be fatal because of:
1) Severe atrophy of the gastrointestinal tract during starvation
2) Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments
3) The body's inability to rapidly convert excessive kilocalories to body fat stores
4) The buildup of toxic waste products of metabolism

Question 10

Studies have shown that which amount of vitamin C along with zinc and arginine helps improve the rate of pressure ulcer healing?
1) 100 mg
2) 250 mg
3) 375 mg
4) 500 mg

Question 11

A person with burns over 55% of his or her body has a stress factor of
1) Two grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
2) This means that he or she requires:
2) Two times as much fat intake as usual
3) 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure
4) 110 kilocalories per pound of body weight

Question 12

A temporary stoppage of peristalsis along with signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction is called paralytic ______.
1) Colitis
2) Ileus
3) Mesenteritis
4) Peritonitis

Question 13

Propofol is usually administered in a ______.
1) 5% dextrose emulsion
2) 3.5% amino acid suspension
3) 10% dextrose suspension
4) 10% fat emulsion

Question 14

Ms. J is an alcoholic who has previously reported that she has not eaten "food" for at least the past 3 months. She stated that her sole source of kilocalories had been in the form of alcohol. The physician has ordered a high-kilocalorie, high-protein diet. Ms. J has eaten 100% of the three high-kilocalorie, high-protein meals received thus far. While reviewing her laboratory reports, the nurse notices her serum phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium values are decreased. The nurse should:
1) Contact the client's physician and notify him or her of the recently obtained laboratory values
2) Encourage the client to continue to eat the high-kilocalorie, high-protein diet as ordered
3) Offer the client a 500-kcal complete nutritional supplement, which was previously ordered by the physician, sent up from the dietary department
4) Contact the physician for an extra dose of thiamin and niacin

Question 15

Atrophy of the respiratory muscles associated with ventilator use is an example of:
1) Oxygen toxicity
2) Vitamin-deficiency disease
3) Respiratory failure
4) Disuse syndrome

Question 16

Experts advocate the following when refeeding a malnourished client:
1) Rapidly replenishing lost protein with foods of high biological value
2) Progressing the rate, volume, and concentration of a tube feeding with every feeding
3) Pushing a liberal intake of water and other hypotonic fluids
4) Correcting any electrolyte imbalances before aggressive nutritional therapy is begun

Question 17

The most extreme state of stress a client can sustain is a burn. Kilocalorie need in this situation depends which of the following?
1) Body surface area involved
2) Depth of the burn
3) Amount of fluid lost
4) Client's age

Question 18

Malnutrition is commonly seen in clients with pulmonary disease for which of the following reasons?
1) These clients customarily make very poor food choices.
2) These clients may need much more energy than a healthy person needs to breathe.
3) Many of these clients sleep so much they forget to eat.
4) Many of these clients use a disproportional amount of their food energy to support their extraordinarily powerful immune systems.