Deck 19: Diet in Renal Disease

Question 1

Growth failure in children treated with dialysis can be combated with three of the following suggestions. Which of the following items would be ill advised?
1) Serving the children alone so their restricted diets are less apparent
2) Using festive tableware and dishes
3) Dividing intake into small frequent meals
4) Varying textures and colors of foods

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which of the following foods may have precipitated an attack of gout and consequently may need to be avoided by the client?
1) Gravy, liver, and oil-packed sardines
2) Roquefort cheese, buttermilk, and vegetable soup
3) Chocolate ice cream, chicken-fried steak, and spinach salad
4) Eggs, pecan rolls, and coffee

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Clients with kidney stones are usually advised to:
1) Avoid organ meats
2) Drink 3 liters of fluid per day
3) Take 8 ounces of cranberry juice daily
4) Eliminate calcium-containing foods from their diet

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Dialysis clients may receive supplemental amount of which of the following because of the inability of the diseased kidney to activate this vitamin.
1) Vitamin B₁₂
2) Folic acid
3) Vitamin D
4) Vitamin K

Question 5

Most renal clients need to avoid salt substitutes because they often contain:
1) Phosphorus
2) Potassium
3) Protein
4) Calcium

Question 6

Which one of the following is low in potassium?
1) Beet greens
2) Chocolate
3) Cooked spinach
4) Jellybeans

Question 7

The toxic condition characterized by retention of nitrogenous substances in the blood is called:
1) Anuria
2) Oliguria
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Uremia

Question 8

After teaching a client about the functions of the kidney, the nurse determines that more teaching is needed when the client states which of the following as a function?
1) Secretion of ions to maintain acid-base balance
2) Production of erythropoietin
3) Synthesis of bile
4) Production of activated form of vitamin D

Question 9

The normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is normally about______ mL per minute.
1) 75
2) 100
3) 125
4) 150

Question 10

Which of the following interventions would be least appropriate for a client with renal disease and anemia?
1) An iron-rich diet
2) Liberal amounts of foods high in vitamin C
3) Vitamin B₆ supplements
4) Supplementation with fat-soluble vitamin K

Question 11

Which of the following would the nurse identify as a least likely cause of renal disease?
1) Trauma
2) Excessive fluid intake
3) Infection
4) Medications

Question 12

Mr. S is being treated for renal calculi. The first priority for teaching self-care to this client is to:
1) Increase fluid intake
2) Limit calcium and phosphorus intake
3) Restrict all protein from meat, fish, and poultry sources
4) Restrict high-purine foods, such as anchovies and liver

Question 13

Which of the following are high in potassium?
1) Grapes
2) Cranberry juice
3) Baked potatoes
4) Canned pears

Question 14

A measurable goal for a client with renal calculi is to drink sufficient water to produce a urinary output of how many milliliters per day?
1) 500
2) 1000
3) 2000
4) 3000

Question 15

Compared with renal failure clients who are not on dialysis, clients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) require:
1) The same amount of dietary protein
2) Less dietary protein
3) More dietary protein
4) A different kind of protein

Question 16

Gout is:
1) A hereditary metabolic disease
2) Caused by an error in fat metabolism
3) A form of osteodystrophy caused by kidney failure
4) Untreatable except by diet

Question 17

Epoetin alfa, a pharmaceutical form of erythropoietin, may be prescribed for clients with renal disease for which reason?
1) To stimulate the liver to liberate stored iron for hemoglobin
2) To bind with ferritin to make it more usable by the bone marrow
3) To replace a hormone released by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production
4) To provide a special preparation of bioavailable iron

Question 18

Renal clients may have to control dietary intake of total kilocalories, protein, potassium, sodium, and fluid. The exact diet prescription may change over time because of:
1) Decreased intake as the disease progresses
2) Increased intake early in the disease
3) Changes in client's clinical condition and treatment approach
4) Client's tolerance and appetite changes

Question 19

Clients with potassium restrictions may be instructed to do all the following procedures except:
1) Cook vegetables in large amounts of water, which is then discarded
2) Use salt substitutes only after cooking
3) Drink carbonated beverages, cranberry juice, or lemonade
4) Use any of the permitted foods only in the form specified

Question 20

Which of the following would the nurse be least likely to identify as a risk factor for renal disease?
1) Heart disease
2) Obesity
3) Diabetes
4) Hypertension

Question 21

Renal functions can______ be assumed by another organ.