Deck 15: Medicine: Health and Illness in Canada

Question 1

During and after World War II, Todd worked in an asbestos factory. His occupation is an example of an occupation that is:

A) in a sanitized environment subject to safety standards.
B) done in a disabling environment.
C) done without occupational safety standards.
D) considered a low-risk occupation.
E) only hazardous to people over the age of 50.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Since the fall of communism in the former Soviet Union, why has the incidence of AIDS been multiplying?

A) Because of the unavailability of condoms
B) Because of the growing number of people not using birth control properly
C) Because of increased tourist trade
D) Because of a lack of sex education in schools
E) Because of a rise in prostitution and drug use

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Many of the physical signs of aging, such as balding, wrinkles, and a sagging chin or buttocks, are now treated by physicians. Which term describes this process of turning something into a medical matter?

A) Sterilization
B) Monopolization of medicine
C) Medicalization
D) Professionalism of medicine
E) Mediphobia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is one of the most significant sociological aspects of AIDS?

A) How it started
B) How it is transmitted
C) Its frequency
D) Its stigma
E) Its treatment

Question 5

Although a promising treatment has been found for AIDS if given to someone in the early stages of the disease, some researchers are fearful that the "cocktail" of drugs may result in .

A) physicians using the drugs for other diseases
B) corporations purchasing the cure and not sharing it with the general population
C) drug companies overcharging for the drugs
D) people becoming addicted to the drugs
E) the microbes mutating and creating a "super AIDS" virus

Question 6

What did Haas and Shaffir find by observing medical students?

A) Many of them cheat on their tests.
B) A few adopt the sick role.
C) They all sympathize with their patients.
D) Most of them depersonalize their patients.
E) They limit the number of hours that they sleep.

Question 7

Since when has universal, government-funded medical, hospital, and other related health insurance been available in Canada?

A) 1950
B) 1962
C) 1971
D) 1984
E) 1995

Question 8

According to the authors of your text, what is the definition of health?

A) It is the absence of disease or injury.
B) It has two components: physical and social.
C) It has four components: physical, mental, social, and spiritual.
D) It is the level of a person's physical fitness.
E) It is whether a person feels healthy or unhealthy.

Question 9

Angela woke up this morning with a temperature of 38oC. According to the functionalist perspective, her decision regarding whether she is sick or not often depends on .

A) whether there are other symptoms of illness present
B) how many things she has to do that day
C) whether she feels fatigued or not
D) her decision to claim the sick role
E) whether a doctor diagnoses her as sick

Question 10

Because the sociology of medicine focuses on how cultural beliefs, lifestyle, and social class influence health and illness, the sociology of medicine is a[n] field of sociology.

A) medical
B) clinical
C) scientific
D) applied
E) basic research

Question 11

Jack Kevorkian, a retired pathologist, helped over people commit suicide.

A) 2000
B) 1000
C) 700
D) 500
E) 100

Question 12

The populations of poorer countries are more likely to become ill or die from .

A) chronic illnesses such as malaria, or malnutrition
B) the primary killers that could be controlled
C) the inability to meet the basic means of survival
D) diseases that are incurable
E) diseases such as heart disease and cancer

Question 13

When a parent calls the school to report that their child is sick, they are acting as a[n] to the sick role.

A) accomplice
B) physician
C) gatekeeper
D) excuser
E) reporter

Question 14

In the former Soviet Union, physicians are women.

A) one out of four
B) three out of four
C) two out of four
D) one out of five
E) two out of five

Question 15

Which term is used to refer to the for-profit industries that extend across the health and medicine sector of the Canadian economy?

A) The Medicare System
B) The Health-Industrial Complex
C) Blue Cross
D) Green Shield
E) The Medico-Corporate Sector

Question 16

Which explanation of gender differences in health and illness claims that women are more willing than men to admit to being sick?

A) Social acceptability
B) Role accumulation
C) Nurturing
D) Double day
E) Competitive

Question 17

Clearly, there are biological components of health-a nutritious diet, exercise, the use of antibiotics, and so on. However, there is also an important to physical well- being that is the focus of the sociology of health and medical sociology.

A) global responsibility
B) social responsibility
C) educational dimension
D) cultural dimension
E) economic dispersion

Question 18

When a physician deals with people as though they are cases and diseases, and not as individuals, this is called .

A) deindividuation
B) inflammation
C) decentring
D) demedicalizing
E) depersonalization

Question 19

What is the study of how medical disorders are distributed throughout the population?

A) Epidemiology
B) Dermatology
C) Medicalogy
D) Scientology
E) Etiology application

Question 20

Koto is a member of a tribal society and has been taken ill. Who is he likely to ask to cure his illness?

A) A medic
B) A nurse
C) A midwife
D) A doctor
E) A shaman

Question 21

Whereas most people in the industrialized world can expect to live to be about 75, most people in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Haiti, and Rwanda die before what age?

A) 50
B) 70
C) 60
D) 30
E) 40

Question 22

Which of the following is true of what may be called the "gendered experience of health and illness"?

A) A person's gender does not affect their experience of health and illness.
B) Men love to talk about their health and ailments.
C) Men are eager to adopt the sick role and be pampered.
D) Men are socialized to control their experiences of pain or illness.
E) Women experience less illness than men.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is not true of the practice of medicine?

A) The percentage of Canadian medical degrees earned by women has risen since 1975.
B) There are fewer female physicians than male physicians in Canada.
C) Physicians take extra care when dealing with women's health complaints.
D) Canada offers universal health care regardless of a person's financial situation.
E) Bias against women's reproductive organs has been reported.

Question 24

Which group has the highest rates of suicide in Canada?

A) Working mothers
B) Unemployed men
C) Aboriginal populations
D) Ethnic populations
E) Recent immigrants

Question 25

Why is "extra billing" often used?

A) To tax rich patients
B) To make improvements in facilities such as hospitals
C) To subsidize the medicare system
D) To reduce the number of "unnecessary" visits to doctors
E) To penalize the provinces

Question 26

Hal, who has full-blown AIDS, resisted getting tested until he was very ill. He was afraid of his family's reaction and the loss of his job if he tested positive. Hal's resistance to accepting his AIDS status stemmed from his fear of .

A) the social stigma attached to the disease
B) his fear of being labelled "gay"
C) imprisonment
D) the painful medical treatments
E) having to become celibate

Question 27

Which of the following was not identified as a major component on the continuum of health and illness?

A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Mental
D) Spiritual
E) Medical

Question 28

How is AIDS most often transmitted?

A) By kissing
B) From toilet seats
C) From the exchange of blood and semen
D) By sneezing
E) Through sweat

Question 29

What did the sociology of health in Canada focus on in its first stage?

A) The funding of the health care system
B) Improving the health of Canadians
C) The impact of an aging population
D) Matters related to the complexity of the health care system
E) The Health-Industrial Complex

Question 30

Which term describes a situation in which the person is rational but requires assistance to stop artificial treatment of an incurable disease?

A) Living will statement
B) Terminal illness
C) Suicide attempt
D) Passive euthanasia
E) Depersonalization

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of national health insurance?

A) To maintain federal control
B) To lighten the burden on provinces
C) To make Canada the world's healthiest nation
D) To eliminate financial barriers to health care
E) To subsidize private insurance companies

Question 32

Which view of gender role differences and health sees men as engaging in more risky behaviours such as smoking and drinking?

A) Passive addiction
B) Behavioural
C) Cultural expectation
D) Risk taking
E) Competitive

Question 33

Which is an important source of information about the health and health behaviours of Canadians?

A) CHAL
B) EPF
C) NPHS
D) CHST
E) WHO

Question 34

Which of the following has had a dramatic impact on the tourism industry in Canada?

A) Global warming
B) AIDS
C) SARS
D) Medicare
E) The Canada Health Act

Question 35

Which theory suggests that the more roles a person plays in their life, the healthier they are likely to be?

A) Role strain
B) Role accumulation
C) Role rehearsal
D) Role well-being
E) Role playing

Question 36

In June 2005, there was a ruling in Quebec. What was the result of that ruling?

A) There was an increase in federal transfers.
B) It replaced the Canada Health Act.
C) It protected a patient's right to access private services.
D) It allowed physicians to make "extra billing."
E) It introduced user fees.

Question 37

What did the 2008 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study find?

A) More children are smoking.
B) Most are worried about their health.
C) Many children suffer from depersonalization.
D) Most sexually active boys do not use condoms.
E) Obesity is on the rise.

Question 38

What is a recent fact about AIDS in Canada?

A) More positive AIDS cases are now being reported.
B) AIDS can be contacted from casual involvement with an infected person.
C) AIDS rates are 18 percent higher than 20 years ago.
D) The number of deaths due to AIDS is declining.
E) More people than ever are dying of AIDS.

Question 39

In 2001, deaths due to smoking accounted for over what percentage of all deaths in Canada?

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30
E) 50

Question 40

According to recent Canadian data, what are the top leading causes of death?

A) Cancer, heart disease, and suicide
B) Cancer, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke
C) Cancer, heart disease, and psychoses
D) Cancer, depression, and stroke
E) Cancer, heart disease, and diabetes

Question 41

What do we call a society's standard ways of dealing with illness and injury?

A) The Health-Industrial Complex
B) The sick role
C) Medicine
D) Euthanasia
E) The doctor-nurse game

Question 42

Which term is used to describe deterioration in a person's health that leads to a reduction in income?

A) The doctor-nurse game
B) The medicalization of work
C) The spill-over effect
D) The double impact theory
E) The drift hypothesis

Question 43

Bioethics began with which of the following?

A) The Oath of Hippocrates
B) The Thomas Testimony
C) The Medicalization of Illness Study
D) The Concerned Physician's Pronouncement
E) The 1987 WHO Declaration

Question 44

What term is used to describe the elimination of disabling environments and restricting the use of harmful drugs?

A) Euthanasia
B) Medicalization
C) Comprehensive prevention
D) The greenhouse effect
E) Medical rationing

Question 45

Talcott Parsons, in his work on the "sick role," pointed out that .

A) people play the sick role before getting a "doctor's excuse"
B) parents and the physicians are the primary gatekeepers to the sick role
C) people are not exempt from normal activities
D) people are held responsible for being sick
E) most people begin to actually enjoy this role after awhile

Question 46

What is thought to be a significant factor in many types of cancers?

A) Lack of ventilation
B) Diet
C) Second-hand smoke
D) Exposure to chemicals
E) Lack of activity

Question 47

Medicine is a society's standard way of dealing with sickness and health.

Question 48

What poses risks to life on our planet?

A) New technology
B) Industrialization
C) The ozone shield
D) Medical rationing
E) The rain forest effect

Question 49

The burning of vast amounts of carbon fuels is leading to the greenhouse effect.

Question 50

Decisions to claim the sick role by individuals are often based more on social considerations than physical conditions.

Question 51

Which is the standard recreational drug of Canadians?

A) Nicotine
B) Alcohol
C) Marijuana
D) Cocaine
E) Heroine

Question 52

The pollution of land, air, and water, especially through nuclear waste, pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals, poses additional risks to life on our planet.

Question 53

Russia, the former Soviet Union, has a higher percentage of female physicians than Canada.

Question 54

The infant mortality rates of some countries, such as Angola, are than Japan's rate.a. 10 times higher

A) 27 times higher
B) 33 times higher
C) 49 times higher
D) 60 times higher

Question 55

Life expectancy illustrates the global stratification of health.

Question 56

International health experts have identified two components of health: physical and mental.

Question 57

Who is the retired pathologist who has helped over 100 people commit suicide?

A) Jack Haas
B) Jack Kevorkian
C) William Shaffir
D) Susan Sontag
E) Jacques Dufour

Question 58

Parents and physicians are the primary gatekeepers of the sick role.

Question 59

Although industrialization has increased the world's standard of living, it also threatens to disable the basic environment.

Question 60

Epidemiology is the study of how medical disorders are distributed throughout a population.

Question 61

In Canada, living wills are illegal.

Question 62

Dr. Kevorkian has helped over 200 people commit suicide.

Question 63

Some religious people are convinced that AIDS is a "divine" message from God.

Question 64

Balding and wrinkles have become defined as medical matters.

Question 65

Medicine and ethics are being challenged by new reproductive and genetic technologies.

Question 66

In 1984, the Canada Health Act came into force to ensure that necessary health services would be available to all Canadians regardless of their financial circumstances.

Question 67

In Canada, private insurance companies offer coverage for all medical services.

Question 68

Most Canadians prefer to make lifestyle changes in the direction of preventive medicine, rather than to depend on prescription drugs.

Question 69

Sue Fisher's participant observation study in a hospital revealed that there is less sexism among male doctors than previously believed.

Question 70

Sexism, expressed through male dominance of medicine, is a worldwide phenomenon.

Question 71

SARS is a disease that has only affected poorer nations.

Question 72

Cancer and respiratory diseases are more likely to strike men than women in Canadian society.

Question 73

The tobacco industry is relentless in its pursuit of adolescent smokers.

Question 74

Of all drugs, alcohol is the most harmful to health.

Question 75

One of the main criticisms levelled against the medical profession is depersonalization, the practice of dealing with people as though they were cases or diseases, instead of individuals.

Question 76

Medical clinics use "extra billing" as a way to cut down on unnecessary clinics.

Question 77

Men are socialized to control their experiences of pain or illness and so are reluctant to adopt the sick role and, as a result, to talk about their health.

Question 78

While the provision of health care in Canada is a provincial responsibility, the federal government has played a major role in financing the health services available to Canadians.

Question 79

Epidemiology is the study of skin disorders by physicians.

Question 80

The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study found that obesity is on the rise for Canadian girls and boys.