Deck 10: What Is Social Justice Creating a Just State

Question 1

Confucius thought that the basis for a good society was .

A) political harmony and consensus
B) attention to the needs of the many
C) widespread practice of good customs
D) good laws

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Describe the values of Søren Kierkegaard. In what ways was he an existentialist?

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

What unique perspective does the ethics of care bring to the table as an ethical theory? Describe how an ethics-of-care theorist approaches ethical issues.

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

What did Aristotle mean by saying that the state is "prior to the individual"?

A) The good of the government comes first.
B) Individuals rely on their social nature to thrive.
C) The state is composed of many individuals.
D) A diverse population is required for a healthy community.

Question 5

Plato's ideas about a well-ordered state is most likely to offend those with a commitment to .

A) justice
B) virtue
C) work
D) equality

Question 6

Explain what is distinctive about virtue ethics. Give examples of what Aristotle meant when he claimed that the good is the mean between two extremes.

Question 7

Describe the roles of maxims and the categorical imperative in Kant's theory of
moral obligation.

Question 8

What is a social contract? Do you think it is an adequate concept for explaining how political entities come about?

Question 9

Why did Plato's view of the ideal state not egalitarian? How was it related to the rest
of his philosophy?

Question 10

How does Peter Singer apply utilitarianism?

Question 11

What did Plato think would be the basis of a good state?

A) democratically-elected officials
B) everyone having a constructive role to play
C) people being able to cultivate virtues
D) education being made available to everyone

Question 12

What did Confucius think was necessary for a just society? Do his recommendations seem sufficient?

Question 13

Thomas Hobbes thought that a social contract was necessary because .

A) People need strong rulers.
B) Justice will always bring it about.
C) People are naturally social creatures.
D) People in their natural state will not do well on their own.

Question 14

How did Aristotle think about human community? How did his views differ from
Plato's?

Question 15

Distributive justice means .

A) being fair to as many people as possible
B) giving criminals what they deserve
C) treating people like they want to be treated
D) providing for people's basic needs

Question 16

What does utilitarianism think that the good consists of? How would this be applied in some common situations requiring ethical judgment?

Question 17

What ideas do all existentialist ethical systems have in common?

Question 18

What is speciesism? On what basis does Singer argue against speciesism?

Question 19

Describe the philosophy of hedonism. What does a hedonist think that moral goodness consists of?

Question 20

Explain Immanuel Kant's views on the nature of the moral good.

Question 21

Communism differs from socialism in that .

A) communism is interested in equality
B) communism is interested in regulating commerce
C) socialism is interested in the welfare of the community
D) socialism is interested in its members producing what they need

Question 22

Describe Confucius' ideas as to what a just society looks like.

Question 23

Why did Mill think that personal conduct should be left alone as much as possible?

A) It costs too much to interfere with people's lives.
B) People know enough not to harm themselves.
C) The government does not know enough to do so well.
D) When there is interference, it is typically not to the person's advantage.

Question 24

Explain the Marxist point of view on justice in the state and the economy.

Question 25

How did Plato apply his ideas to a unique notion of a well-ordered state?

Question 26

What is the role of the "veil of ignorance" in Rawls' idea of ensuring fairness?

A) preventing awareness of how things will end up
B) ensuring that no one dominates anyone else
C) not knowing in advance what advantages you would have
D) insurance that no one has an unfair advantage

Question 27

What are some concepts of justice? What is the difference between distributive justice and retributive justice?

Question 28

How were Locke's ideas influential in the forming of the American republic?

Question 29

What is a "social contract"? Compare the ideas of Hobbes, Locke, and Rawls in how
they thought of the social contract.

Question 30

Locke thought that the main function of government is to .

A) protect private property
B) protect people from each other
C) give people common goals
D) teach people virtues

Question 31

J.S. Mill viewed justice as arising from .

A) social utility
B) equality
C) education
D) consent

Question 32

John Rawls thought that justice should be based on .

A) harmony
B) fairness
C) democracy
D) virtue

Question 33

What role did Susan Moller Okin think that gender equality plays in overall considerations of justice?

Question 34

Susan Moller Okin drew attention to the .

A) disproportionate injustices suffered by women
B) contributions of women to work
C) injustices that are suffered by all
D) ways in which economic inequalities pervade our society

Question 35

Socialism is the political philosophy that places a premium on .

A) rule by a strong state
B) equality between groups
C) the rights of the individual
D) the welfare of the community

Question 36

What ideas informed Mill's theory of social justice?

Question 37

How did Aristotle describe the nature of man, and how did this inform his views on political order?

Question 38

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the natural state of people was .

A) needing education
B) needing leadership
C) to be social
D) benevolent

Question 39

How did Rousseau, Hume, and Rawls each think about the original state of nature of man?