Deck 78: Emergency Preparedness: Bioterrorism and Management of Poisoning

Question 1

The difference between the standard emergency triage known to nurses and the current emergency triage of mass casualties is:
1)Previous emergencies are triaged with labels tagged to clients, such as easy to complex.
2)Current emergencies focus on the clients with the best chance to live.
3)Previous emergencies never triaged mass casualties or biological agents.
4)Current emergencies triage women and children first.

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Which of the following diagnoses is a direct affect from exposure to ionizing radiation?
1)Type II diabetes
2)Hypertension
3)Leukemia
4)Gout

Answer 2

3

Question 3

The nurse explains to a group of concerned citizens that a biologic terrorism agent that is especially dangerous because of its high contagion and prolonged incubation period (allowing exposure to a large number of people during the early stages of the disease)is:
1)Anthrax.
2)Botulism.
3)Hemorrhagic fever.
4)Smallpox.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Antidotes for nerve agent poisoning include:
1)Acetylcysteine.
2)Atropine sulfate.
3)Protamine sulfate.
4)Methylprednisolone.

Question 5

Which of the following are potential disasters? Select all that apply.
1)Biological agents
2)Chemical agents
3)Radiologic agents
4)Nuclear explosives

Question 6

A client who has experienced whole-body radiation exposure is admitted to the Emergency Department six hours after exposure with radiation sickness.On assessment, the nurse would expect the client to report:
1)Hair loss.
2)Nausea and vomiting.
3)Bleeding from the gums and nose.
4)Bruises on skin not covered by her clothing.

Question 7

Which of the following are components of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)? Select all that apply.
1)Antibiotics
2)Chemical antidotes
3)Life-support medications
4)Intravenous administration equipment

Question 8

The danger from radiation exposure is primarily due to: (Select all that apply.)
1)Long-lasting effects of radiation exposure.
2)The amount of radiation exposure.
3)The distance from the initial incident.
4)The amount of cellular death from radiation exposure.

Question 9

Person-to-person spread occurs in which of the following bioterrorist agents? Select all that apply.
1)Hemorrhagic fever
2)Plague
3)Anthrax
4)Botulism

Question 10

The purpose of the push packages is:
1)To manage incoming equipment when a disaster occurs.
2)To provide information booklets to communities experiencing a disaster.
3)To transport appropriate personnel to disaster sites.
4)To maintain supplies available for emergencies within 12 hours.

Question 11

The most essential competency for nurses in this age of bioterrorism is:
1)Emergency preparedness.
2)Knowing the offending agent.
3)Managing mass casualties.
4)Teaching awareness of bioterrorism.

Question 12

Which of the five general principles for treating acute poisoning below would be indicated for treating an external chemical agent? Select all that apply.
1)Topical decontamination
2)Prevention of absorption
3)Neutralization
4)Increase in the rate of excretion
5)Antidotes and symptomatic therapy

Question 13

At a local health fair, the community nurse is educating the public on poison-control strategies.Which strategy should the nurse indicate to the public as most important to follow?
1)Identification of household poisons
2)Maintain a stockpile of selected antidotes.
3)Available Poison Control Hotline phone number
4)Prevention of potential household poisonings

Question 14

The client is found at home unconscious with an empty bottle of diltiazem (Cardizem)near the couch.The emergency response team prepares to administer which of the following antidotes?
1)Pyridoxine
2)Calcium
3)Naloxone
4)Atropine

Question 15

Which of the following medications is the primary antibiotic of choice for the treatment of anthrax?
1)Ciprofloxacin
2)Vancomycin
3)Ampicillin
4)Erythromycin

Question 16

A common intervention for clients exposed to gaseous chemical agents such as cyanogen chloride, phosgene, and VX nerve agent is to:
1)Administer antibiotics intravenously.
2)Initiate emetic measures.
3)Apply sodium bicarbonate to skin lesions.
4)Expose clients to air or to administer oxygen.

Question 17

Which of the following agents would the nurse administer to prevent the absorption of a poison that the client ingested?
1)Syrup of ipecac
2)furosemide (Lasix)
3)Sodium bicarbonate
4)Charcoal

Question 18

Clients arrive in the Emergency Department complaining of difficulty breathing, tearing from their eyes after a bomb exploded in a nearby store.The priority intervention of the health care team initially should be to:
1)Complete a history and physical.
2)Identify the offending agent.
3)Notify local law enforcement.
4)Flush the skin and eyes with water.

Question 19

The government agency responsible for managing the SNS is the:
1)Department of Defense.
2)Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
3)Department of Homeland Security.
4)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 20

The five general principles used in the treatment of acute poisoning are:
1)Identification of poison, modification of lifestyle, health teaching, decontamination, and increase in the rate of excretion.
2)Antidote therapy, decontamination, neutralization, prevention of absorption, and increase in the rate of excretion.
3)Modification of lifestyle, health teaching, antidote therapy, symptomatic therapy, absorbent administration, and dialysis.
4)Identification of poison, symptomatic therapy, neutralization, dialysis, and absorbent administration.

Question 21

Nursing interventions that enhance the removal of poisons include: (Select all that apply.)
1)Administering activated charcoal.
2)Preparing the client for dialysis.
3)Inserting a nasogastric tube.
4)Monitoring output.

Question 22

Which of the following vitamins or mineral supplements is a common potential toxic substance?
1)Vitamin C
2)Zinc
3)Vitamin E
4)Iron

Question 23

A mother and her 3-year-old child arrive in the Emergency Department after the child had just ingested approximately 20 tablets of iron that were prescribed to the child's mother.The nurse immediately prepares a medication to reverse iron known as:
1)Pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
2)Fomepizole (Antizol).
3)Deferoxamine (Desferal).
4)Sodium bicarbonate.

Question 24

The client is admitted to the critical care unit with acute poisoning of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).The nurse knows that ion trapping will be the therapy of choice for this medication, and thus prepares to:
1)Insert a nasogastric tube for lavage.
2)Administer sodium bicarbonate and furosemide (Lasix)intravenously.
3)Provide supportive therapy, as ion trapping would not be the therapy of choice for aspirin overdose.
4)Hang a bag of 100 ml normal saline solution with 100 units regular insulin adjusted to the client's rising blood glucose levels.

Question 25

An explosion at a restaurant occurred, causing several individuals to require treatment at a nearby hospital.The clients arrived to the Emergency Department with complaints of visual disturbances, burning of the eyes and skin, and loss of hearing.The nurses prioritize care based on the nursing diagnosis of:
1)Deficient Knowledge related to exposure to unknown material.
2)Impaired Communication, risk for related to lack of knowledge about the incident.
3)Ineffective Coping related to the unexpected incident.
4)Poisoning, risk for related to exposure to potential toxic substance.

Question 26

Nursing considerations during the administration of edetate calcium disodium (CaEDTA)for lead poisoning are:
1)Restricting fluid intake until all doses are given.
2)discontinuing CaEDTA if urine output exceeds 100 ml/hour.
3)Encouraging the client to eat foods high in zinc, calcium, and iron.
4)Monitoring serum blood glucose, potassium, and calcium levels daily.

Question 27

The nurse is speaking to a group of individuals as part of a trauma outreach program on poison control.The nurse instructs the group that if a known poison has been ingested, which of the following measures must be taken?
1)Administering syrup of ipecac if the ingestion is within 30 minutes
2)Having the person drink large amounts of water to flush the poison through the gastrointestinal system
3)Notifying the local health agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the poison after the person has stabilized
4)Contacting the American Association of Poison Control Centers for the proper immediate treatment

Question 28

A group of concerned people ask the community nurse speaking at a local town hall meeting if there is a vaccine for anthrax available and, if so, if they should get it.The nurse's best response would be:
1)"No vaccine has been made to prevent anthrax."
2)"Yes, the vaccine is available, but is limited to select groups, such as the military."
3)"Yes, the vaccine is available, and you should ask your primary health care provider for it."
4)"Yes, the vaccine is available, but it has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration."