Deck 62: Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

The nurse knows that due to its abundance in food, thiamine deficiency in the United States is not common except in:
1)Pregnant women and children.
2)African-American women.
3)Alcoholics with chronic liver disease.
4)Elderly people with heart failure.

Answer 1

3

Question 2

To promote a well-balanced diet, the nurse who is helping the patient select foods from the hospital menu should remember that:
1)Daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is essential to maintain and improve health.
2)Clients who cannot consume fat-soluble vitamins daily should be given a supplement.
3)All vitamins must be taken into the body by eating enriched foods.
4)Vitamin supplementation can substitute for good nutrition.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

To which of the following clients would the nurse expect to administer injections of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)? A client with:
1)Iron-deficiency anemia.
2)Sickle-cell anemia.
3)Aplastic anemia.
4)Pernicious anemia.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

The client is suspected of having a vitamin A deficiency.Which health history data would the nurse consider indicative of this problem? The client:
1)Resides in an area of high air pollution.
2)Consumes mostly rice as a main food source.
3)Recently traveled to an undeveloped country.
4)Has been exposed to active tuberculosis.

Question 5

Which of the following clients would the nurse encourage to increase intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?
1)A client with wounds from a motorcycle accident.
2)A client with insomnia due to work-related tension.
3)A client with thinning hair and baldness.
4)A postmenopausal elderly female.

Question 6

The nurse who is caring for a group of elderly residents in a long-term care facility understands that the aging process influences the recommended dietary allowance (RDA)needs in this population.Which of the following statements is true concerning elderly adults? Normal aging causes:
1)Reduction of gastric absorption, producing vitamin deficiencies.
2)Increase in renal excretion of fat-soluble vitamins in the urine.
3)Decline in skin turgor, producing an increase in metabolism of vitamins.
4)Stagnation of liver enzymes that aid in the dissection of water-soluble vitamins.

Question 7

The client with Parkinsonism asks the nurse why vitamin B₆ should be avoided.Which response would be most appropriate for the nurse? "This vitamin:
1)"Causes mental confusion and hallucinations in people with Parkinson's disease."
2)"Reverses or antagonizes the therapeutic effects of some anti-Parkinson drugs."
3)"Increases the amount of dopamine entering the brain, and promotes levodopa production."
4)"Is excreted in the feces and bile."

Question 8

The school health nurse is discussing vitamin supplements with a group of parents at the monthly PTO meeting.Which of the following concepts would the nurse include in the teaching about vitamin C?
1)Vitamin C should be taken in large doses to reach therapeutic level rapidly.
2)Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron when the two are taken together.
3)Vitamin C will prevent the symptoms of the common cold.
4)Vitamin C is synthesized in all mammals, and not required as a supplement.

Question 9

The home health nurse is discussing nutrition with a client when asked, "What should I eat to get the required amount of iodine needed?" The nurse responds that a common source of dietary iodine is:
1)Table salt.
2)Cabbage.
3)Red meat.
4)Cooking oil.

Question 10

The nurse knows that the pharmacologic uses for magnesium include multiple pathologic conditions, including: (Select all that apply.)
1)Bowel evacuation
2)Psychosis
3)Rheumatoid arthritis
4)Anticonvulsant
5)Diabetes

Question 11

The school nurse has prepared a learning activity for a high school health promotion course.To assess the class's understanding, the nurse instructs the students to select the correct statements that apply to water-soluble vitamins.Which of the following are correct? Select all that apply.
1)Water-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body for weeks before excretion.
2)Daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is necessary.
3)Water-soluble vitamins have the higher potential for toxicity and overdosing.
4)Vitamin C and B complex vitamins are the primary water-soluble vitamins.
5)All water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver.

Question 12

The client diagnosed with hemolytic anemia is taking vitamin E (tacopherol).Which statement indicates that the client needs more teaching related to this supplement?
1)"I should also take an iron supplement with my vitamin E to help my blood count."
2)"Food rich in vitamin E include wheat germ; green, leafy vegetables; and eggs."
3)"I will report any blood in my urine or stool to the health care provider."
4)"Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body, and not easily excreted."

Question 13

The nurse is discussing vitamins with a group of pregnant women at a community center when one of the participants asks, "What vitamin deficiency during pregnancy is a frequent cause of spina bifida in newborn infants?" The answer is:
1)Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)
2)Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
3)Manganese
4)Folic acid (vitamin B₉)

Question 14

The client who is prescribed vitamin K (phytonadione)asks the nurse "How does the body normally receive this vitamin? " Which statement is the nurse's best response? "Vitamin K is:
1)Obtained only by dietary consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables."
2)Synthesized during fetal development, and not a replaceable substance."
3)Produced through bacterial action in the gastrointestinal tract."
4)Abundant in dairy products such as such as milk, cheese, and yogurt."

Question 15

The nurse caring for a client receiving cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)for pernicious anemia would monitor which laboratory values during therapy?
1)Reticulocyte count, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
2)Serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride levels
3)Blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine, and urinalysis
4)Liver function studies, including bilirubin, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase

Question 16

The client is a fitness enthusiast who adheres to a regimen of high vitamin supplement intake.Which of the following vitamins would the nurse assess for hypervitaminosis? Select all that apply.
1)Vitamin A (Aquasol A)
2)Vitamin D (Rocaltrol)
3)Vitamin E (Aquasol E)
4)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
5)Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)

Question 17

The client with renal disease is prescribed vitamin D (Calcitriol).Which should the nurse tell the client?
1)"Do not take this with magnesium-containing antacids or laxatives."
2)"Avoid sunlight by wearing long sleeves and a hat when outdoors."
3)"Stay away from foods with high potassium content, such as bananas."
4)"Increase intake of oral fluids, not to exceed two liters per day."

Question 18

The client is prescribed riboflavin (vitamin B₂).What should the nurse tell the client?
1)"Recognize that large doses of riboflavin can cause an intense yellow discoloration of urine, which is harmless."
2)"Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until the effects of the drug are known."
3)"Take the vitamin supplement at the same time every day."
4)"Expect tingling in the extremities when first taking the drug, but this will decrease."