Deck 47: Basic Principles of Anti-Infective Pharmacotherapy

Question 1

The ability of an antibiotic to target pathogens without major effects on human cells is termed:
1)Opportunistic action.
2)Selective toxicity.
3)Selective synthesis.
4)Bacteriostatic action.

Answer 1

2

Question 2

One of the greatest factors in the development of antibiotic resistance is the:
1)Unwarranted use of antibiotics.
2)Lack of patience compliance.
3)Selection of the incorrect antibiotic.
4)Lack of development of new antibiotics.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

A new antibiotic is classified as a bacteriocidal agent.This means that the drug:

1)Has a high potency.
2)Is highly efficacious.
3)Kills the infectious agent.
4)Slows the growth of the infectious agent.

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Anti-infectives are grouped into pharmacological classes by their:
1)Size or shape.
2)Mechanism of action.
3)Staining ability.
4)Sensitivity.

Question 5

The client's culture report indicates the presence of gram-negative cocci in the urine.This means that the bacteria are:
1)Rod-shaped with thin cell walls.
2)Round with thick cell walls.
3)Spiral-shaped with thin cell walls.
4)Round with thin cell walls.

Question 6

Hyaluronidase, secreted by certain pathogens, provides the pathogen the ability to:
1)Multiply more rapidly.
2)Penetrate anatomic barriers more easily.
3)Increase the pathogen's virulence.
4)Produce endotoxins in greater abundance.

Question 7

A leading factor in the development of bacterial resistance is the ability of the bacteria to undergo:
1)Mutation.
2)Colonization.
3)Replication.
4)Conjugation.

Question 8

Which patient would require the administration of prophylactic antibiotics?
1)A patient with a viral infection
2)A patient with an altered immune response
3)A patient with inflammation at the infection site
4)A patient with pus at the infection site

Question 9

The nurse caring for a client with an infection knows a contributing factor to the development of drug resistance is the presence of bacterial genetic errors called:
1)Duplications.
2)Mutations.
3)Conjugates.
4)Plasmids.

Question 10

The most important reason for the nurse to use sterile technique when collecting a wound specimen for culture and sensitivity is:
1)This will protect the client from the organisms in the wound spreading onto the skin.
2)This will protect the nurse from being exposed to the organisms in the client's wound.
3)This will prevent drug-resistant organisms from entering the wound bed.
4)This will make the diagnosis more accurate because the specimen will be uncontaminated.

Question 11

Guidelines for preventing antimicrobial resistance include: (Select all that apply:)
1)Preventing infections.
2)Treating infections properly.
3)Using antimicrobials wisely.
4)Treating non-infected family members.
5)Using proper infection-control procedures.
6)Shortening antibiotic administration duration.

Question 12

The nurse caring for a client with an allergy to penicillin would be cautious in implementing an order for an anti-infective agent from which class?
1)Cephalosporins
2)Aminoglycosides
3)Fluoroquinolones
4)Sulfonamides

Question 13

The nurse knows that which antibiotic can affect hearing adversely?
1)Aminoglycosides
2)Tetracyclines
3)Mycins
4)Sulfonamides

Question 14

Invasiveness refers to a pathogen's ability to:
1)Multiply more rapidly.
2)Penetrate anatomic barriers more easily.
3)Increase the pathogen's virulence.
4)Produce endotoxins in greater abundance.

Question 15

Which type of antibiotic represents the highest risk for an allergic response?
1)Tetracyclines
2)Penicillins
3)Cephalosporins
4)Aminoglycosides

Question 16

The client asks the nurse why the physician didn't prescribe the same antibiotic that the client always receives for an infection.The best response by the nurse would be:
1)"It doesn't matter which antibiotic is taken."
2)"Try this medicine, and if you're not better in 10 days, return to the office."
3)"You don't want to take the same antibiotic all the time."
4)"Bacteria can become resistant to some antibiotics."

Question 17

A client has been prescribed tetracycline.When providing information regarding this drug, the nurse would be correct in stating that tetracycline:
1)Is classified as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
2)Is used to treat a wide variety of disease processes.
3)Has been identified to be safe during pregnancy.
4)Is contraindicated in children younger than 8 years old.

Question 18

The ability of an organism to become insensitive to an anti-infective is termed:
1)Sensitivity.
2)Mutation.
3)Acquired resistance.
4)Supra infection.

Question 19

A nurse is preparing to administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication to a client.An important nursing intervention prior to administration of the anti-infective is:
1)Obtaining the culture report, as with prior to starting any medication.
2)Performing a culture within 24 hours after starting the medication.
3)Performing the culture for evidence prior to administering the first dose of the anti-infective.
4)Administering the medicine without performing cultures.

Question 20

Classification of bacteria by their response to staining includes:
1)Gram-positive or -negative.
2)Acid fastness.
3)Aerobic or anaerobic.
4)Rods or spheres.

Question 21

The client on penicillin who is complaining of vaginal itching and has a cheesy, white discharge in her perineum has a superinfection secondary to:
1)An overdose of penicillin.
2)The development of an organism resistant to penicillin.
3)Penicillin destroying the body's normal flora.
4)A nosocomial infection.

Question 22

The nurse caring for the following group of clients plans care around the fact that which of the following clinical situations represents a client with a superinfection?
1)47-year-old client with type 2 diabetes and pneumonia
2)52-year-old client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)and gastritis
3)46-year-old client with vascular disease and cellulitis of the leg
4)50-year-old with candida receiving vancomycin

Question 23

A client has been on an antibiotic for two weeks for treatment of an ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori.The client asks the nurse why there is a white like substance on the client's tongue.The nurse responds:
1)"This might be a secondary infection due to the antibiotic therapy."
2)"The infection has developed immunity to the current drug."
3)"The infection has become severe."
4)"The infection has a restricted group of microorganisms."