Question 1

Restricted-response performance-based assessments are better than extended-response assessments under which of the following conditions?&#10;A)when the problems are unstructured and allow for multiple solutions&#10;B)when the problems call for originality&#10;C)when the problems require the integration of information from several sources&#10;D)when the problems are structured so that model performances can be constructed

Accepted Answer

Restricted-response performance-based assessments are better when the problems are structured so that model performances can be constructed, which is the case with choice D. This allows for clear grading criteria and objective assessment of student performance. Extended-response assessments may be more appropriate for unstructured problems that allow for multiple solutions, require originality or integrate information from several sources.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes an instance of a logical rating error?&#10;A)A rater gives a lower rating to a student who has obtained low scores on previous tests and assessments than to the same performance by other students.&#10;B)A rater gives low scores to the performance of the class &#34;clown&#34; because of the rater's belief that someone who acts so silly in class could not perform well.&#10;C)A rater rates all performances as about average.&#10;D)A rater uses only the high end of the scale in rating all performances.

Accepted Answer

This is an instance of logical error, specifically the central tendency error, where the rater assigns ratings based on personal biases and stereotypes rather than actual performance. The rater assumes that someone who behaves like a "clown" in class cannot perform well and therefore assigns lower ratings regardless of the actual performance.

Question 3

An advantage of performance-based assessments over objective tests is that they&#10;A)are easier to construct.&#10;B)are easier to score.&#10;C)can better communicate instructional goals requiring complex problem solving.&#10;D)can provide coverage of a broader array of instructional objectives in a given period of time.

Accepted Answer

Performance-based assessments are designed to measure a student's ability to apply knowledge and skills to real-world problems that require complex problem solving. As a result, they are better able to communicate the instructional goals that require a higher level of application and analysis of knowledge. While performance-based assessments are more complex to construct and score, they can provide a more comprehensive picture of a student's abilities compared to objective tests, which tend to focus on recalling information rather than applying it.

Question 4

Performance-based assessments are more effective than multiple-choice items in measuring which of the following?&#10;A)the ability to formulate problems&#10;B)the ability to recognize faulty procedures&#10;C)reliability of scoring&#10;D)understanding of concepts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Performance-based assessments are more effective than multiple-choice...

Question 5

Rating the performances of students who are perceived to be most able higher than comparable performance of students perceived to be less able is an example of which of the following errors?&#10;A)central tendency error&#10;B)halo effect&#10;C)mathematical-logical error&#10;D)severity error

Accepted Answer

The halo effect occurs when a rater's overall positive or negative impression of a person influences their ratings of specific traits or abilities. In this case, the rater's perception of the students' ability is influencing their rating of their performance, leading to higher ratings for the perceived high-ability students even if their actual performance is comparable to that of perceived low-ability students.

Question 6

Which of the following would be the best justification for the relatively large amount of time required to respond to many performance-based assessment tasks?&#10;A)students and parents like them&#10;B)multiple scores can be derived from a single task&#10;C)performance on one task generalizes well to performance on other tasks&#10;D)the tasks can provide students with valuable learning opportunities

Accepted Answer

The tasks can provide students with valuable learning opportunities. Performance-based assessments often require students to engage in complex, real-world tasks that mimic what they may encounter outside of the classroom. Through engaging in these tasks, students have the opportunity to develop valuable skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration, that will serve them well in the future. While these tasks may take longer to complete than traditional assessments, the benefits they provide in terms of learning and skill development are often worth the extra time.

Question 7

For which of the following types of learning outcomes are performance-based assessment tasks most useful?&#10;A)Comprehension of concepts&#10;B)Distinguishing fact from opinion&#10;C)Knowledge of appropriate procedures&#10;D)Problem solving

Accepted Answer

Performance-based assessment tasks are most useful for measuring problem-solving skills as they typically involve applying knowledge and skills to solve open-ended, real-world problems. Tasks that require a demonstrable skill or ability, such as completing a task or solving a problem, lend themselves well to performance-based assessment because the learner’s ability can be directly observed and measured. Tasks that require mere comprehension, distinguishing of fact from opinion, or rote knowledge of procedures may not require the same level of demonstration of skill or ability, thus other forms of assessment might be more appropriate.

Question 8

When rating the products of student performances, it is best for educators to do which of the following?&#10;A)grade all the products produced by a given student before moving on to the next student&#10;B)identify the student so that background knowledge can be considered&#10;C)include judgments of neatness of the product in the overall rating&#10;D)rate performances on one task for all students before rating performance on another task

Accepted Answer

Rating performances on one task for all students before moving on to another task helps ensure consistency and fairness in evaluation. It minimizes the influence of changing standards or criteria across different tasks or students.

Question 9

A major advantage of developing criteria for judging performance prior to task administration is that the criteria can&#10;A)help students understand what is expected.&#10;B)increase students' appreciation of the task.&#10;C)reduce the scoring burden for teachers.&#10;D)restrict the range of student performances.

Accepted Answer

Developing criteria for judging performance prior to task administration helps students understand what is expected of them, which can increase their chances of meeting those expectations. It does not necessarily increase their appreciation of the task or reduce the scoring burden for teachers, and it should not restrict the range of student performances.

Question 10

A checklist should be used in cases where the judgment is based on which of the following?&#10;A)a matter of degree&#10;B)a total impression&#10;C)present or absent decisions&#10;D)ambiguous criteria

Accepted Answer

Checklists are best used in cases where the judgment is based on present or absent decisions, meaning that there are clear criteria that are either met or not met. Checklists are not effective for matters of degree or ambiguous criteria, and while they may be helpful in creating a total impression, they are not as useful as other methods for this type of judgment.

Question 11

The most objective information is obtained from an assessment when rating which of the following?&#10;A)adjustment&#10;B)attitudes&#10;C)overt behavior&#10;D)personality traits

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most objective information is obtained from...

Question 12

An advantage of performance-based assessments over objective tests is that they can be used to evaluate which of the following?&#10;A)the attitudes of students&#10;B)both process and product&#10;C)reading skills&#10;D)strengths and weaknesses

Accepted Answer

The answer of An advantage of performance-based assessments over objective...

Question 13

Which of the following validity considerations has led to the strongest argument for the increased use of performance-based assessments?&#10;A)Content&#10;B)Test-criterion relationship&#10;C)Construct&#10;D)Consequences

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following validity considerations has...

Question 14

Which of the following is a limitation of performance-based assessments?&#10;A)alignment to state standards&#10;B)ability to measure higher-order learning&#10;C)lengthy administration time&#10;D)the ability to assess all learners accurately

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a limitation...

Question 15

Analytic scoring is better than holistic scoring when an educator is trying to&#10;A)increase the efficiency of scoring.&#10;B)provide diagnostic feedback to students.&#10;C)remove sources of unreliability.&#10;D)increase overall validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Analytic scoring is better than holistic scoring...

Question 16

The points on a rating scale will be least ambiguous when using which of the following scales?&#10;A)constant alternative&#10;B)descriptive graphic&#10;C)evaluative&#10;D)numerical

Accepted Answer

The answer of The points on a rating scale will...

Question 17

The most reliable grading of task performances is likely to result when a teacher does which of the following?&#10;A)grades all performances on one task before going to the next one&#10;B)looks at a student's name before grading the performance&#10;C)starts with performances of the lower performing students&#10;D)uses the rating method of scoring for all tasks

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most reliable grading of task performances...

Question 18

The dependence of task performance on skills that are irrelevant to the intended purpose of the assessment tasks (e.g., reading skill for some mathematics tasks) will have the biggest negative influence on which of the following factors?

A)variety of student performances
B)reliability
C)consistency in scoring
D)validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The dependence of task performance on skills...

Question 19

Extended-response performance-based assessments are better than restricted-response assessments under which of the following conditions?&#10;A)when the administration time is limited&#10;B)if a broad sampling of the domain of content is desired&#10;C)when a measure of the ability to gather and integrate information is needed&#10;D)if reliable scoring is of special importance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Extended-response performance-based assessments are better than restricted-response...

Question 20

A teacher who rates all performances lower than they are rated by other teachers demonstrates an example of which of the following errors?&#10;A)central tendency error&#10;B)halo effect&#10;C)mathematical-logical error&#10;D)severity error

Accepted Answer

The answer of A teacher who rates all performances lower...

Deck 11: Measuring Complex Achievement: Performance-Based Assessments