Deck 22: Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

A solution with a pH of 4

A) has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
B) has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
C) is considered an alkaline solution
D) both B and C

Answer 1

has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2

Question 2

Which of the following is considered a chemical pH control mechanism?

A) the buffers in the blood
B) the kidneys
C) the lungs
D) both B and C

Answer 2

the buffers in the blood

Question 3

Blood leaving the lungs has a _____ than blood entering the lungs.

A) lower pH
B) lower concentration of carbon dioxide
C) higher concentration of H⁺ ions
D) both A and C

Answer 3

lower concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 4

Which of the following body fluids has the highest pH?

A) arterial blood
B) venous blood
C) stomach acid
D) Both A and B have the same pH,which is higher than stomach acid.

Question 5

A solution with a pH of 9

A) is an acid solution
B) is an alkaline solution
C) has more OH- ions than H+ ions
D) both B and C

Question 6

Which of the following is caused by H₂CO₃ deficit?

A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

One unique aspect of kidney regulation of pH is that it

A) is the only site of carbonic anhydrase that can quickly convert carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid
B) can excrete excess acid
C) can excrete excess base
D) both A and B

Question 8

Which of the following is considered a physiological pH control mechanism?

A) the buffers in the blood
B) the kidneys
C) the lungs
D) both B and C above

Question 9

Which of the following body fluids has the lowest pH?

A) arterial blood
B) stomach acid
C) venous blood
D) saliva

Question 10

The buffering of NaOH by the H₂CO₃-NaHCO₃ buffer pair would

A) convert a strong base into a weak acid
B) decrease the amount of H₂CO₃ in the blood
C) cause the pH to rise to its normal value
D) cause all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is caused by H₂CO₃ excess?

A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

A solution with a pH of 3

A) is an acid solution
B) is an alkaline solution
C) has more OH- ions than H+ ions
D) both B and C

Question 13

Which of the following is not considered a mechanism for regulating the pH of body fluids?

A) buffers in the blood
B) the stomach absorbing acid
C) the lungs removing carbon dioxide
D) the kidneys removing H⁺ and OH^- ions

Question 14

The function of H? ions in the body is

A) maintenance of the cell membrane
B) conduction of nerve impulses
C) function of cellular enzymes
D) stimulation of muscle contraction

Question 15

The buffering of HCl by the H₂CO₃-NaHCO3 buffer pair would

A) convert the strong HCl into the weaker H₂CO₃
B) cause a smaller increase of H⁺ ions in the blood
C) decrease the amount of NaHCO₃ in the blood
D) all of the above

Question 16

A solution with a pH of 8

A) is more alkaline than arterial blood
B) is more acidic than arterial blood
C) contains more H+ ions than arterial blood
D) both B and C

Question 17

Which of the following is caused by bicarbonate deficit?

A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared with arterial blood comes primarily from

A) absorbing hydrochloric acid from the digestive system
B) the lactic acid from muscle metabolism
C) the higher concentration of carbonic acid from cell metabolism
D) all of the above

Question 19

In blood acidosis,the

A) number of H⁺ ions in the blood increases
B) pH of the blood falls below 6.5
C) number of OH^- ions in the blood increases
D) both A and B

Question 20

Blood alkalosis

A) causes the pH of the blood to drop
B) occurs more often than blood acidosis
C) is caused by an increase in base or a loss of acid
D) both B and C

Question 21

Venous blood is the body fluid with the highest pH.

Question 22

Because the functioning of proteins such as enzymes and hemoglobin depends on a proper pH level,pH must be regulated closely.

Question 23

Carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

A) buffer that works in the blood
B) enzyme
C) buffer that works in the lungs
D) buffer that works in the kidneys

Question 24

Pure water,with a pH of 7,is neither acid nor base because it contains neither hydrogen ions nor hydroxide ions.

Question 25

The function of carbonic anhydrase is to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid.

Question 26

A solution with a pH of 13 contains more hydroxide ions than a solution with a pH of 11.

Question 27

A solution with a pH of 5 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 3.

Question 28

Maintaining acid-base balance means keeping the concentration of hydrogen ions in body fluids relatively constant.

Question 29

A solution with a pH of 2 has 1000 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5.

Question 30

A solution with a pH of 9 has more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.

Question 31

The lungs are able to remove the equivalent of _____ L of carbonic acid a day.

A) 50
B) 60
C) 40
D) 30

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The lungs can remove larger amounts of acid from the body than the kidneys.
B) The kidneys can remove larger amounts of acid from the body than the lungs.
C) Unlike the lungs,the kidneys can remove base from the body.
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 33

Stomach acid is the body fluid with the lowest pH.

Question 34

A solution with a pH of 5 is considered an acid.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Arterial blood and venous blood are slightly alkaline.
B) Arterial blood and venous blood are slightly acid.
C) Arterial blood is slightly acidic and venous blood is slightly basic.
D) Venous blood is slightly acidic and arterial blood is slightly basic.

Question 36

The pH scale measures the concentration of OH- ions in solution.

Question 37

A solution with a pH of 9 is considered an alkaline solution.

Question 38

A water solution with a pH of 7

A) is an acid
B) has equal numbers of OH^- and H⁺ ions
C) is a base
D) contains neither OH^- nor H⁺

Question 39

The body has three mechanisms for regulating pH: the buffer mechanism,the respiratory mechanism,and the digestive mechanism.

Question 40

A solution with a pH of 5 contains more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 2.

Question 41

One of the ways the kidneys help raise the pH of the body is by excreting NaH₂PO₄ rather than Na₂HPO₄.

Question 42

Because carbonic acid can be broken down to carbon dioxide and water,it is not considered a fixed acid.

Question 43

The NaHCO₃ buffer system buffers lactic acid.

Question 44

The lungs work more rapidly to stabilize pH than do the kidneys.

Question 45

One of the things that the kidneys can do that the lungs cannot do is to excrete base.

Question 46

If a base were added to the buffer pair H2CO₃-NaHCO₃,the concentration of H₂CO₃ would drop.

Question 47

Acidosis in the blood begins to occur when the pH falls below 6.8.

Question 48

The physiological pH control mechanisms react more quickly to stabilize pH than do the chemical pH control mechanisms.

Question 49

When acid is added to a buffered solution,the pH will actually rise.

Question 50

Blood in the pulmonary vein has a lower pH than the blood in the superior vena cava.

Question 51

The amount of carbonic acid is lower in the pulmonary vein than it is in the pulmonary artery.

Question 52

If a base were added to the buffer pair H₂CO₃-NaHCO₃,the concentration of NaHCO₃ would drop.

Question 53

Lactic acid and carbonic acid are referred to as fixed acids.

Question 54

Blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower pH than the blood in the aorta.

Question 55

When the kidneys work to raise the pH of the blood,the blood becomes more alkaline and the urine becomes more acidic.

Question 56

The contribution of the lungs to pH control is the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood.

Question 57

When the kidneys have acidified the urine,the level of NaHCO₃ in the blood leaving the kidneys is much lower than the level of NaHCO₃ in the blood entering the kidneys.

Question 58

Anything that decreases respiration will eventually cause alkalosis.

Question 59

If an acid were added to the buffer pair H₂CO₃-NaHCO₃,the concentration of NaHCO₃ would drop.

Question 60

The function of a buffer pair is to convert a strong acid into a weak acid.

Question 61

Blood in the pulmonary artery has a higher pH than blood in the pulmonary vein.

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
a substance that prevents a sharp change in the pH of a solution when a strong acid or base is added to it

A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution

Question 63

A person can develop acidosis of the blood even if the pH is above 7.

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
solution that has a pH of 7 with an equal number of H⁺ and OH^- ions

A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
system that helps regulate the pH of the blood by removing carbon dioxide

A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution

Question 66

If the buffer pair is to function properly,there must be 20 times more H₂CO₃ than there is NaHCO₃.

Question 67

A prolonged period of gastric suctioning would have the same effect on the blood pH as a prolonged period of uncontrolled diabetes.

Question 68

The lung can remove the equivalent of 50 L of carbonic acid a day.

Question 69

Excessive vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis.

Question 70

A person with only 10 times more H₂CO₃ than NaHCO₃ is in a condition called uncompensated metabolic acidosis.

Question 71

The urine can have an H⁺ concentration 100 times higher than the concentration in the blood.

Question 72

A prolonged period of uncontrolled diabetes would have the same effect on the blood pH as a prolonged period of depressed breathing rate.

Question 73

A person with only 10 times more NaHCO₃ than H₂CO₃ is in a condition called uncompensated metabolic acidosis.

Question 74

A sustained drop in breathing rate can cause respiratory acidosis.

Question 75

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
the only pH regulating system that can excrete base

A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution

Question 76

Hyperventilation syndrome can cause metabolic alkalosis.

Question 77

Metabolic acidosis is compensated with the loss of enough NaHCO₃ to bring the ratio back up to 20 times more H₂CO₃.

Question 78

MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
a solution with a pH greater than 7 and a higher concentration of OH- ions than H⁺ ions

A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution

Question 79

If the buffer pair is to function properly,there must be 20 times more NaHCO₃ than there is H₂CO₃.

Question 80

If the buffer pair is to function properly,there must be 10 times more NaHCO₃ than there is H2CO₃.