Deck 9: Population Genetics

Question 1

The chromosome of most prokaryotes differs from those of eukaryotes because

A) the prokaryotic chromosome is circular, while the eukaryotic is linear.
B) the prokaryotic chromosome does not replicate before mitosis, while the eukaryotic does.
C) the prokaryotic chromosome is not necessary for survival, while the eukaryotic is.
D) the prokaryotic chromosome is linear, while the eukaryotic is circular.
E) the prokaryotic chromosome does not contain genes, while the eukaryotic does.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A purine is a ________ molecule, while a pyrimidine is a ________ molecule.

A) two-ring, one-ring
B) two-ring, three-ring
C) one-ring, two-ring
D) two-ring, two-ring
E) one-ring, one-ring

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following nucleotide sequences would be most likely to "bend?"

A) GGGCCCC
B) TATATAT
C) CAAAAAT
D) AAAAGGG
E) CGGATTT

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which form of DNA is a left-handed double helix?

A) A-DNA
B) B-DNA
C) L-DNA
D) Z-DNA
E) R-DNA

Question 5

Antiparallel means that

A) there is complementary base-pairing.
B) each DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand.
C) the helix twists to the right.
D) the two polynucleotide chains run in opposite directions.
E) opposite strands are held together by base pairing.

Question 6

Whose experiment involved the transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae R strain into S strain?

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Crick
C) Avery
D) Beadle and Tatum
E) Griffith

Question 7

Who used the X-ray crystallography technique to examine diffraction patterns of DNA molecules?

A) Watson and Crick
B) Miescher
C) Chargaff
D) Franklin
E) Avery

Question 8

Which of the following is a nonhistone protein found in chromatin?

A) H2A
B) HMG
C) H5
D) H1
E) All of the above

Question 9

Complementary base-pairing allows for

A) genes to be expressed as phenotype.
B) DNA to serve as its own template for replication.
C) replication to be semiconservative.
D) spontaneous mutations to occur.
E) covalent bonds to form between the opposite bases.

Question 10

In Escherichia coli, the genome is organized into a molecule that has approximately ________ looped domains, while an average human chromosome has approximately ________ looped domains.

A) 10,000, 12,000
B) 4, 5
C) 100, 2,000
D) 4,000, 4,000
E) 10, 100

Question 11

The genetic material of a virus may be

A) single-stranded RNA.
B) double-stranded RNA.
C) single-stranded DNA.
D) double-stranded DNA.
E) all of the above.

Question 12

The C value is the amount of DNA in a

A) bacterial genome.
B) haploid genome.
C) cell's nucleus.
D) diploid genome.
E) eukaryotic genome.

Question 13

The definition of transformation is

A) the shift of genetic information from DNA to protein.
B) the uptake of information by a cell from the environment.
C) the genetic alteration of an organism.
D) Both B and C
E) None of the above

Question 14

Who used radioactively labeled T2 bacteriophage to confirm the identity of the transforming principle?

A) Beadle and Tatum
B) Griffith
C) Avery
D) Gierer and Schramm
E) Hershey and Chase

Question 15

What was the transforming principle of the experiment in the previous question?

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Polysaccharide
D) Virus
E) Protein

Question 16

What part of the T2 bacteriophage entered E. coli cells in the experiment in the previous question?

A) No part
B) The whole virus
C) The protein coat
D) The RNA

Question 17

Loosely aggregated DNA bound to proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called ________; when the cell divides, this condenses into ________.

A) chromatin, chromosomes
B) chromosomes, chromatin
C) chromatid, nucleus
D) nucleoid, nucleus
E) chromosomes, centromere

Question 18

What did the X-ray diffraction patterns initially reveal about the DNA molecule?

A) It contains the hereditary information
B) It is of uniform diameter and has a highly repetitive structure
C) It is a helical molecule with paired bases in the center
D) It is double-stranded with antiparallel strands
E) It is acidic, phosphorus-rich, and large

Question 19

A Barr body is an example of

A) facultative euchromatin.
B) facultative heterochromatin.
C) a nucleosome.
D) constitutive euchromatin.
E) constitutive heterochromatin.

Question 20

What did Watson and Crick deduce about the three-dimensional structure of DNA based on the work of others?

A) It is a large molecule.
B) It contains a lot of phosphorus.
C) It is a double-stranded helix.
D) It consists of supercoiled chromatin.
E) There is a repeating pattern every 3.4 nm and every 0.34 nm.

Question 21

What is the C-value paradox, and what is its cause?

Question 22

DNA and RNA both contain phosphate and ribose.

Question 23

By weight, the amount of DNA in chromatin is less than that of histone.

Question 24

Name the constituent parts of a nucleoside and a nucleotide.

Question 25

How could you test whether the transforming ability of a cell extract was due to DNA and not RNA?

Question 26

Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium whose genome consists of one large and several small linear chromosomes.

Question 27

In Griffiths' transformation experiments, when did the injected mice die?

Question 28

In RNA, the pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine.

Question 29

The virus first shown to have RNA as its genetic material was tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Question 30

Why do you suppose the amino acid sequences of eukaryotic histones are so similar to one another, even among distantly related species?

Question 31

What is the function of dispersed repeated sequences such as SINEs and LINEs in eukaryotes?

Question 32

The more condensed a part of a chromosome is, the more likely it is that the genes in that region will be active.

Question 33

Describe two ways in which compacting of a chromosome to fit into a small space inside the cell is achieved.

Question 34

The genome of most prokaryotes consists of moderately repetitive DNA.

Question 35

Describe the differences between heterochromatin and euchromatin in chromosomes. Are there any situations in which one can be changed into the other?

Question 36

The genome of the T-even family of bacteriophage consists of single-stranded RNA.

Question 37

The DNA phage ΦX174 was found to have a ratio of bases of 25A:33T:24G:18C. This departs from the usual A/T = 1 and G/C = 1 ratios. How can you explain this?

Question 38

What is the importance of centromeres and telomeres?

Question 39

In a strand of DNA, a hydrogen bond connects that phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar of the adjacent nucleotide.

Question 40

Define Chargaff's rules of the base composition of DNA.

Question 41

If the base pairs in a DNA helix are 0.34 nm apart, and a complete (360°) turn of the helix takes 3.4 nm, how many base pairs per turn are there in a DNA molecule?