Deck 39: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 1

Predictors for successful treatment with ART in HIV-positive patients include:

A)They respond to a low-potency treatment regimen.
B)They have demonstrated resistance in the past and should respond to newer ART drugs.
C)The patient is strictly adherent to the ART treatment regimen.
D)Lower baseline CD4 T-cell count

Answer 1

The patient is strictly adherent to the ART treatment regimen.

Question 2

An adolescent who admits to a high amount of sexual behavior and is prescribed tenofovir and emtricitabine (Truvada) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should be educated regarding:

A)A high risk of developing hypertension, requiring blood pressure check every three months
B)The unique dosing schedule of taking the medication just before high risk activity
C)The need for annual HIV and hepatitis B testing
D)The possibility of developing kidney problems, requiring monitoring of renal function every six months

Answer 2

The possibility of developing kidney problems, requiring monitoring of renal function every six months

Question 3

A challenge faced with ART is:

A)Patients abusing ART
B)Drug-resistant mutations of HIV
C)Reduction of transmissibility of HIV
D)Lack of efficacy data

Answer 3

Drug-resistant mutations of HIV

Question 4

The cost of HIV treatment can be prohibitive for any patient. Patients can receive assistance from the:

A)Best Pharmaceuticals for HIV/AIDS Patient Act
B)Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act
C)National Institute of Health HIV/AIDS Assistance Fund
D)Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Treatment Fund

Question 5

Resistance to ART is measured by:

A)Measuring the DNA viral load in the serum
B)Determining plasma viral ribonucleic (RNA) on two successive measurements
C)Phenotype assays of the combination of ART the patient is on
D)Elevation of T4 counts

Question 6

Successful ART in an HIV-positive patient is determined by:

A)HIV virus eradication
B)Lowering of HIV viral load to immeasurable amounts
C)Individual measures of success based on their personal situation
D)Normal blood hematologic factors

Question 7

Phenotype assays are used to measure _______ of ART.

A)Effectiveness
B)Genotype
C)Sensitivity
D)Hypersensitivity susceptibility

Question 8

The goal of ART in HIV-positive patients is:

A)Maximum suppression of HIV replication
B)Eradication of HIV virus from the body
C)Determining a treatment regimen that is free of adverse effects
D)Suppression of CD4 T-cell count

Question 9

Before starting a patient on the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir, the following is recommended:

A)Renal function testing
B)HLA B*5701 testing
C)Pancreatic enzyme level testing
D)A test for CYP450 enzyme activity

Question 10

ART is recommended for HIV-positive patients who:

A)Have a history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness
B)Are pregnant
C)Have a hepatitis B co-infection
D)All of the above

Question 11

Pregnant women who are HIV positive:

A)Are treated with azidothymidine (AZT) alone to prevent birth defects
B)Are treated with a combination ART regimen
C)Should not be treated with ART due to teratogenicity of the drugs
D)Are at high risk of developing resistance to ART drugs

Question 12

The goals of treatment when prescribing antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication to patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include:

A)Prevention of vertical HIV transmission
B)Improvement in quality of life
C)Prolonging of survival
D)All of the above

Question 13

Patients who are taking ART need to have the following monitored:

A)Lipid levels
B)Sexual functioning
C)Platelet count
D)All of the above

Question 14

Patient factors that contribute to ART failure include:

A)Being a male who has sex with males
B)HIV diagnosis in pregnancy
C)Good compliance with the ART treatment regimen
D)ART adverse effects

Question 15

A female patient is pregnant and has tested HIV positive. Which ART drug should be avoided in women who are pregnant?

A)Dolutegravir
B)Zidovudine
C)Ritonavir
D)Lopinavir/ritonavir

Question 16

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV infection is effective:

A)When taken within 72 hours of exposure
B)In preventing perinatal HIV transmission
C)In preventing hepatitis C infections
D)When taken within seven days of exposure