Deck 2: Globalization Effects on Country Institutions, People, Industries, Business and Consumers

Question 1

High community orientations include distributing output evenly to all community members

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Technology transfers impact rural consumers first and then gradually diffuse into urban areas

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The US was the first nation to industrialize in the 18^th-19^th centuries

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Internal public resources for development come from local businesspeople and entrepreneurs

Question 5

Country development involves rises in living standards as well as changes in cultural institutions and individual values

Question 6

High community orientations entail distributing community output strictly according to what individuals contribute

Question 7

Country industrialization involves changes in wealth holdings from land ownership to possession of stock and shares

Question 8

Internal public resources for development include government investments in infrastructures such as roads and rail, and services such as education and defense

Question 9

External public resources for development include national government investments in infrastructures such as water and telecommunications

Question 10

Relatively few of the world's nations are democracies

Question 11

Positive effects of technology transfers include cheaper, convenient-to-use products, jobs, and contracts for local firms

Question 12

To develop, countries obtain resources from internal and external sources, and from public and private institutions

Question 13

Autocracies are absolute rulers such as kings, shahs, tribal chiefs and dictators

Question 14

National governments always welcome international corporations because commercial corporate interests parallel their economic interests and objectives

Question 15

Over-stimulation of demand and excessive competitiveness are positive by-products of technology transfers

Question 16

Political institution changes in modernizing societies include shifts from centralized production of resources to de-centralized, market forces-determined manufacturing

Question 17

Efficient infrastructures are more essential for the functioning of centralized communistic economic systems than for market-forces-based systems

Question 18

External private resources for development include resources from institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

Question 19

As nations industrialize, populations shift from urban to rural and from agricultural to industrial settings

Question 20

External public resources for development include resources from institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

Question 21

As countries develop, their education systems are formalized and academic institutions are set aside from life's routine activities

Question 22

As urbanization and industrialization occur, family units move from nuclear (parents and children) to extended family formats

Question 23

Under hereditary social class systems, family name and connections count much less than personal ability

Question 24

Urban lifestyles are cooperative and easy-going compared to rural lifestyles

Question 25

The movement from 'we-centered' to 'me-centered' societies often occurs as industrialization rates increase

Question 26

As societies industrialize and become more complex, legal frameworks become necessary to regulate societal behaviors

Question 27

Cultural conflicts among ethnically diverse societies is rare

Question 28

Under hereditary social class systems, family name and connections are big advantages in life

Question 29

Cultural homogenization to blend multi-lingual and multi-ethnic groups into national cultures is often called the 'melting pot effect'

Question 30

Agricultural and rural societies tend to be more religious because of the increased uncertainties surrounding climates and harvest performances

Question 31

As industrialization proceeds, education systems become more informal and emphasize demonstrations and learning-by-doing

Question 32

Patriarchal gender orientations are slowly eroded during industrialization as women enter the work force and earn the right to equality

Question 33

Industrial and modern societies tend to be conformist rather than individualistic

Question 34

Religious and social conventions tend to encourage individualistic rather than conformist behaviors

Question 35

Religiosity tends to be higher in urban and industrial societies because of the increased uncertainties around individuals

Question 36

Rural and traditional societies depend on extended families for support during hard economic times

Question 37

Traditional societies use economic criteria such as income and wealth to determine social class status

Question 38

As individuals move from rural to urban settings and find jobs, they tend to become less religious

Question 39

In rural societies, 'insiders' and 'outsiders' are distinguished and more time spent on social formalities

Question 40

Towns are much less competitive than rural village settings because insider-outsider distinctions count for little

Question 41

When individuals are fatalistic, they tend to passively accept what happens to them

Question 42

'Fatalism' is the ability of individuals to shape their own futures

Question 43

In most modern, industrialized societies, there are pockets of individuals that maintain traditional values and lifestyles

Question 44

Traditional peoples tend to be risk-avoiders

Question 45

As nations industrialize, surplus labor becomes scarcer and results in upward movements of wage rates

Question 46

Traditional and rural peoples tend to be broad-minded and highly tolerant of differing opinions

Question 47

In rural, traditional societies, people tend to be less concerned with the present/future and more concerned with the past

Question 48

The demonstration effect suggests that once individuals come into contact with modern lifestyles, it is difficult for them to go back to traditional behaviors

Question 49

The emulation cycle suggests that once individuals become 'hooked' on competitive, consumption-oriented urban lifestyles, it is difficult to break away from them

Question 50

Rural and traditional lifestyles are oriented towards the taking and managing of risk

Question 51

Cost structures in developed nations become elevated as employers make contributions to state-sponsored welfare systems

Question 52

In less industrialized nations, infrastructures are well developed, making rural populations easy to supply with goods

Question 53

In developing, non-industrial societies, the majority of people have modern institutions, values and lifestyles

Question 54

The constant striving to emulate social superiors' lifestyles is major feature of traditional, non-industrial societies

Question 55

Modern industrial societies tend to be more competitive and stressful than rural societies

Question 56

As countries industrialize, they tend to become more protectionist in their national trade policies

Question 57

In modern, urban societies, people are more concerned with the past than with the present

Question 58

The marketing concept and the tailoring of supply capabilities to customer needs becomes increasingly important

Question 59

The rural to urban movement makes people less conformist and more individualistic in their mindsets and behaviors

Question 60

In advanced industrialized societies, customer demand generally outstrips corporate supply capabilities

Question 61

As countries develop, cash overtakes credit as the dominant method of purchase payment

Question 62

Nations with long histories of rigid social class distinctions tend to adopt participative, egalitarian styles of management more easily

Question 63

As countries develop and education levels become more uniform, firms can more easily adopt more participative forms of management

Question 64

In post-industrial economies, a main feature is the infrastructure development that allows local markets to develop into regional markets

Question 65

In post-industrial societies, service sectors become dominant, production facilities move overseas, and national economies become more open to and susceptible to global influences

Question 66

As more women enter the work force, demand decreases for labor-saving products such as canned, frozen foods

Question 67

As developing markets become more competitive, price competition increases, sales fluctuations occur more often and the need for market feedback increases

Question 68

Ethnic and cultural diversities in country populations speeds up the national diffusion of technologies and lifestyle within nations

Question 69

Employment and output maximization tend to be key objectives in tradition-based corporations

Question 70

Traditional companies tend to have democratic, participative styles of management decision-making

Question 71

The Protestant work ethic and income-based social class systems tend to encourage materialism

Question 72

As modernization occurs in national economies, production and division of labor increases for firms, and they tend to be more profit-focused

Question 73

As competition increases in markets, branding becomes increasingly important

Question 74

Infrastructure linkages among village communities are key factors in allowing markets to develop and in encouraging local cultures to regionalize and ultimately to homogenize into national cultures

Question 75

Consumer materialism and the desire for the better life can be inhibited by religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, or Islam

Question 76

The final stage of country development is the nation's integration into regional and global economies through involvements in trade blocs and memberships in international organizations such as the United Nations

Question 77

As consumers become more experienced purchasers, decision-making about products and brands tends to become more male-dominated

Question 78

Competitive pressures on firms in developing markets are high in both urban and rural areas

Question 79

Social class systems emphasizing hereditary criteria make conspicuous consumption lifestyles important indicators of social status

Question 80

Merchandising and packaging become more important aspects of marketing strategy as nations become increasingly developed