Deck 15: Culture and Organizations

Question 1

What does the following statement explain? Fairness associated with the procedures and processes that organizations use to make decisions.

A)Procedural justice
B)Ringi
C)Organizational culture
D)Social justice

Answer 1

Procedural justice

Question 2

_____ means the common finding in research on group productivity in the United States that individual productivity tends to decline in larger groups.What does this mean?

A)Social adjustment
B)Social striving
C)Social loafing
D)Social acceptance

Answer 2

Social loafing

Question 3

Oligarchy is defined as an organizational structure characterized by rule- or decision-making power of a few.Decisions are typically made by people ''at the top,'' who impose their decisions on subordinates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What kind of relationships based on status and power is needed in organizations?

A)Vertical relationship
B)Inter relationship
C)Mutual relationship
D)None of the above

Question 5

Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual advances,requests for sexual favors,or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in which submission to such behavior is a condition to employment and employment decisions affecting the individual,and where the behavior interferes with the individual's work environment or creates an intimidating,offensive,or hostile work environment.

Question 6

______ is an organizational structure characterized by rule-or decision-making power of a few.What is this?

A)Oligarchy
B)Nemawashi
C)Ringi
D)Otaku

Question 7

The basic hierarchical relationship is that between a boss and his or her immediate ______.

A)Equal relationships
B)Subordinate
C)Two-way communication
D)None of the above

Question 8

What is following statement about? This is the Japanese process of decision making,which involves circulating a proposal among all people who will be affected by it,addressing concerns and negative consequences raised by as many parties as possible,consulting on as broad a basis as possible about the proposal,and achieving consensus before the proposal is formally implemented.

A)Ringi
B)Organizational climate
C)Social striving
D)Otaku

Question 9

________ is a shared perception of organizational policies,practices,and procedures,and how people feel about them.What is this?

A)Organizational culture
B)Organizational bias
C)Organizational justice
D)Organizational climate

Question 10

Which one is not the characteristic of low uncertainty avoidance countries?

A)Lower anxiety level in population
B)Greater readiness to live by the day
C)Lower job stress
D)More emotional resistance to change

Question 11

_______ refers to the degree to which different cultures encourage or maintain power and status differences between interactants.What does this refer to?

A)Power distance
B)Social position
C)Social Identity
D)None of the above

Question 12

_______ cultural values foster more compliance with company policies and more conformity in group,section,or unit behavior.Which off the following cannot be in the blank?

A)Individualistic
B)Collectivistic
C)Inter
D)All of the above are applicable

Question 13

____________ mean(s)work organizations that have subsidiaries,satellite offices, and work units in more than one country.

A)Distributive justice
B)Acculturation
C)Multinational and international corporations
D)Inter-culturation

Question 14

What may people in individualistic cultures not think less important among the examples below?

A)Freedom
B)Challenge
C)Independence
D)Group harmony

Question 15

Which one is incorrect in terms of an organization?

A)It is a structure created by people to achieve certain objectives
B)It is composed of people who work collectively to address the overall goals of the organization
C)Different people or groups may have different specific goals within the organization,but theoretically they should collectively address a common goal
D)All of the above are correct

Question 16

This means fairness regarding the distribution of resources,such as pay,the corner office,or perks.What is this?

A)Distributive justice
B)Leadership
C)Multinational corporations
D)International corporations

Question 17

What is valued in collectivistic cultures?

A)Individual difference
B)Private policy
C)Harmony
D)Creativity

Question 18

Traditionally,American culture has not expected men to be more assertive,dominant,and the primary wage earner and women to be less nurturing,caring,and primarily concerned with family and child care issues.

Question 19

Individualism-Collectivism differences between countries and cultures are associated with concrete differences in worker attitudes,values,beliefs,and behaviors about work and their companies.

Question 20

What is the best definition of leadership according to Hollander (1985)?

A)It is a process of influence between a leader and followers to attain group,organizational,or societal goals
B)It means how popular the person is.
C)It is a process of power among coworkers
D)None of the above

Question 21

According to Hofstede,which culture has low Masculinity-Femininity?

A)Japan
B)Austria
C)Venezuela
D)Sweden

Question 22

Which one is not the dimension of work-related values that Hofstede (2001)suggested?

A)Individualism-Collectivism
B)Power distance
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Masculinity-Feminity
E)Performance orientation

Question 23

Which one is the dimension by Inglehart (1997)?

A)Traditional vs.secular-rational orientation
B)Gender egalitarianism
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Future orientation

Question 24

Decisions are typically made by people "at the top," who then impose their decisions on subordinates.Sometimes the sheer size of organizations necessitates that they be oligarchies if decisions are to be made at all.

Question 25

According to Kimmerl (1994),time is a commodity to be used efficiently to accomplish goals.

Question 26

Cultures with Long-Term Orientations are based on two principles:
A.unequal status relationships lead to a table society.B.____________________________.What is b?

A)The family is typical of all social organizations
B)The school is traditional of all societies
C)The community is not typical of all social organization

Question 27

What is not a characteristic of low-IC countries?

A)Group decisions are considered better than individual decisions
B)Duty in life appeals to students
C)Individual initiative is socially frowned upon: fatalism
D)Need to make specific friendships

Question 28

How many dimensions House,Hanges,Javidan,Dorfman,and Fupta's (2004)suggested for leadership values?

A)Two
B)Three
C)Four
D)Five

Question 29

Which one is not a characteristic of low-MA(Masculinity)countries?

A)Relationship with manager,cooperation,friendly atmosphere,living in a desirable area,and employment security relatively more important to employees
B)Students less interested in recognition
C)Work less central in people's lives
D)People prefer more salary to shorter working hours

Question 30

People of different cultures may construe themselves and their existence in relation to work differently across cultures,and these differences are related to meaningful dimensions of ____________.

A)Cultural reliability
B)Cultural variability
C)Cultural validity
D)None of the above

Question 31

As group size increases,the responsibility for getting a job done is divided among more people,and group members ease up because their individual contribution is less recognizable.

Question 32

Job stress is generally higher in organizations located in high-Masculinity-Feminity cultures.

Question 33

The United States use a ________ decision-making procedure.In a _______ procedure,every person involved has a say in the decision,usually by way of a vote; once votes are tallied,the decision of the majority prevails.Fill in the blank.

A)Democratic
B)Authoritarian
C)Rationalistic
D)Collectivistic

Question 34

What is the important finding by Fischer and Smith?

A)Groupthink is generally characterized by direct pressure
B)Individualism-collectivism was not an important in determining reward allocations as the hierarchical,power dimensions of culture were
C)Teamthink involves the encouragement of divergent views,open expression of concerns and ideas,awareness of limitations and threats,recognition of members' uniqueness,and discussion of collective doubts
D)Chinese organizations were more centralized than their American counterparts

Question 35

We expect leaders to have vision,authority,and power and to give subordinates tasks that have meaning in a larger picture.

Question 36

Which value by Kimmel (1994)does the following statement explain?

A)One must compete with others to get ahead; achievements are rewarded through upward mobility and income
B)Pragmatism
C)Democracy
D)Equal opportunity
E)Competition

Question 37

According to the text book,each culture and society must deal with the issue of sex roles and gender differences.

Question 38

Values concerning _______ and ________ have infused the workplace,and many American companies are still in transition toward providing gender equity in the workplace.Fill in the blanks respectively

A)Equity,Equality
B)Social justice,Equity
C)Equality,happiness
D)Well-being,Equality

Question 39

Which one is not a characteristic of high-IC countries?

A)Managers aspire to conformity and orderliness
B)Small company attractive
C)Managers rate having autonomy more important
D)Individual decisions are considered better than group decisions

Question 40

In many cultures of the world people who have work come to perceive their work as their _______.Fill in the blank.

A)Identity
B)Lifework
C)Self-reliance
D)Self-confidence

Question 41

What is not a factor of negotiators' psychological states?

A)Implicit theories
B)Metaphors
C)Judgment biases
D)Deadlines

Question 42

What is a factor of proximal social conditions?

A)Implicit theories
B)Negotiator relationships
C)Judgment biases
D)Tactics

Question 43

One of the goals of negotiation is to align the relational self-construal of the negotiators.

Question 44

Negotiation process involving collectivistic cultures may ______ drastically depending on the exact nature of the relationship between the negotiators and the exact context of the negotiation.

A)Differ
B)Be the Same

Question 45

______ such as bluffing are acceptable in the bargaining process.Fill in the blank.

A)Communications
B)Tactics
C)Negotiators
D)Oral commitments

Question 46

According to U.S.assumptions about negotiating by Kimmel (1994),negotiation is a business,not a social activity.

Question 47

Which one is true in terms of negotiation by Kimmel (1994)?

A)Most negotiations are adversarial
B)Negotiators are trying to get as much as possible for their side
C)Substantive issues are more important than social and emotional issues
D)All of the above

Question 48

Cultures differ greatly in the degree to which they differentiate behaviors between men and women

Question 49

Congruence between the relational self-construals of the negotiators aids in the production of ______,_____,and _____ or _________.What may be inappropriate for the blank?

A)Relational behaviors
B)Created value
C)Economic or relational capital
D)Personality

Question 50

What factor is not a factor for the success of the company?

A)The kinds of communication styles
B)Decision making
C)Productivity
D)Worker's miscommunication