Deck 14: Medical Asepsis and Infection Control

Question 1

A client has been diagnosed with septicemia, a condition in which microorganisms are present and multiplying in the blood.A nurse identifies this condition as a:

A)Nosocomial infection.
B)Secondary infection.
C)Systemic infection.
D)Health-care-associated infection.

Answer 1

Systemic infection.

Question 2

A client presents with high fever, rash, and breathing difficulty.The client's history notes that the client is a park ranger who spends most days outside in heavily wooded areas.The client notes that he stepped in a tick nest recently, as well.Which treatment does the nurse expect?

A)Antiviral
B)Antibiotic
C)Antifungal
D)Amebicide

Answer 2

Antibiotic

Question 3

The staff is caring for a client with a wound contaminated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Which precautions would the nurse expect to adhere to when caring for this client? Select all that apply.

A)Standard
B)Contact
C)Droplet
D)Airborne
E)Infectious

Answer 3

Standard
Contact

Question 4

Which of the following are considered part of standard precautions? Select all that apply.

A)Washing hands with soap and water
B)Wearing gloves when drawing blood
C)Recapping needles after use
D)Covering mouth and nose when sneezing
E)Donning a mask when suctioning

Question 5

A nurse enters a room to assist a client who has used the bedside commode.The nurse washes the client's hands, puts on clean gloves, assists the client in cleaning the genital area, and then assists the client into bed.The nurse then empties, rinses, and replaces the pan of the bedside commode.The nurse removes the gloves and washes his or her hands.Which is the nurse practicing?

A)Surgical asepsis
B)Medical asepsis
C)Sterile technique
D)Primary defenses

Question 6

The RN is observing the student nurse caring for a client.Which actions by the student indicate that the student understands how to maintain a safe and clean environment? Select all that apply.

A)The student disinfects an IV pump after every use.
B)The student dons gloves prior to emptying a bedside commode.
C)The student washes his or her hands before and after caring for each client.
D)The student uses gloves when handling equipment with dried blood.
E)The student calls food service to remove uneaten food from the client's room.

Question 7

A client is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis.Before providing care, which of the following personal protective equipment should be worn? Select all that apply.

A)N95 or higher respirator
B)Shoe covers
C)Gown
D)Eye protection
E)Gloves

Question 8

A client has developed a urinary tract infection after being catheterized during surgery.The nurse anticipates the health-care provider will prescribe an:

A)Antiparasitic.
B)Anti-infective.
C)Antibiotic.
D)Antiviral.

Question 9

To help reduce hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), the nurse's first priority is to:

A)Provide small bedside bags to dispose of used tissues.
B)Administer antibiotics as ordered.
C)Perform strict hand washing before and after care of each client.
D)Instruct each staff member to wear a mask while providing care.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for the client with Clostridium difficile.Which actions should nurse take? Select all that apply.

A)Wear a mask before entering the client's room.
B)Wear a gown when caring for the client.
C)Put on gloves before entering the client's room.
D)Instruct the client to follow respiratory hygiene.
E)Wear a respirator when entering the client's room.

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a client who has been treated in the hospital for bacterial meningitis for several weeks.Which actions by the nurse indicate the nurse understands the psychological aspects of the client's care? Select all that apply.

A)The nurse spends time talking to the client while in the room.
B)The nurse offers to bring the client a magazine.
C)The nurse speaks to the client without distaste.
D)The nurse completes all tasks quickly to reduce his or her exposure.
E)The nurse offers to bring the client craft supplies to create gifts for friends.

Question 12

The mother of a 9-year-old client with a viral infection is demanding that the client be administered an antibiotic to treat the infection.Which is the most appropriate response?

A)Please remain patient.I will ask the doctor to write you a prescription.
B)Antibiotics would not be effective against a viral infection.
C)I cannot suggest antibiotics unless the child's fever exceeds 102°F.
D)A virus is caused by a microorganism and must be treated with anthelmintics.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a 69-year-old client who fell and broke his wrist.The client also has open wounds on his legs from the fall.The client's health history notes he walks 30 minutes three times per week and eats a balanced diet.The client reports feeling more stressed than usual in the last few months, which has caused him to get less sleep than normal.Which factors may increase this client's risk of infection? Select all that apply.

A)Age
B)Diet
C)Exercise regimen
D)Wounds on the legs
E)Amount of sleep

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a client with a fever of 103.2°F.The client's wife asks, "Why does his body get so hot like that?" Which is the best response by the nurse?

A)"Actually, a fever is often what makes people seek medical help."
B)"A fever is the body's way of creating an environment that is harmful to germs."
C)"It is frustrating that his fever is still high when I gave him Tylenol 10 minutes ago."
D)"I think the fever is still up because the antibiotics haven't had time to work yet."

Question 15

The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccination to a client who has many allergies.After donning gloves and wiping the client's arm with an alcohol swab, the nurse notices the client has begun to develop hives, swelling, watery eyes, and is coughing.Which should the nurse suspect?

A)Fungal infection
B)Irritant dermatitis
C)Allergic response to latex
D)Bacterial infection

Question 16

Which of the following are examples of portals of exit in the chain of infection? Select all that apply.

A)Sneeze of infected person
B)An infected person
C)Bowel movement of infected person
D)Food that is exposed to infection
E)Nurse who does not wash his or her hands

Question 17

Which are considered fungal infections? Select all that apply.

A)Giardiasis
B)Pinworm
C)Ringworm
D)Yeast infections
E)Athlete's foot

Question 18

An intervention on the part of a nursing instructor would be required in which situation?

A)A student dons a gown and gloves before entering the room of a client on contact precautions.
B)A student ties the lower strings of a mask up on the head.
C)A student performs hand washing immediately after removing his or her gloves.
D)A student performs hand washing before touching the tubes connected to a client.