Deck 11: The Economic and Health Care Systems and Minority Groups in America

Question 1

Studies by Glenn (1963,1966),Dowdall (1974),and Farley (1987)showed that,given the level of discrimination in American society,whites in areas with more blacks enjoyed higher occupational status,income,and/or employment rates.These findings support the following theory(ies):

A) Marxist and split labor market
B) Marxist
C) Becker's "taste for discrimination"
D) Functionalist and split labor market

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is true of Gary Becker's economic theory of discrimination?

A) Discrimination is functional for the employer as well as for the society as a whole
B) The only beneficiaries of a discriminatory system are white workers who get better jobs and more pay than they would in a nondiscriminatory hiring system
C) Because it is functional, discrimination will never disappear in a complex industrial society
D) Firms that discriminate gain competitive advantage over those that do not

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The assumption that class divisions have more to do with how well people live than do divisions between racial and ethnic groups is used in which economic theory of discrimination?

A) Gary Becker's theory
B) Split Labor Market theory
C) Marxist theory
D) Relative deprivation theory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

All of the following are reasons that many cities are in fiscal crisis EXCEPT:

A) Cities must raise most of their revenue locally
B) There is less high-value property to tax because business and industry have left the cities
C) Most of these cities have a majority of whites in their population
D) Cities have increasingly become the home of the poor

Question 5

Becker's starting point-that some people have a "taste for discrimination" assumes that the main cause of discrimination is:

A) Affective prejudice
B) Cognitive prejudice
C) Racial prejudice
D) Conative prejudice

Question 6

In the study by Reich which examined the 1960 and 1970 Census data on the 48 largest metropolitan areas in the United States it was concluded that:

A) Poor whites and employers benefit from discrimination
B) Discrimination is a cause of capitalism
C) Marxist theory of discrimination is proven correct
D) Income within the white population was more concentrated where black-white inequality was great

Question 7

Employers tend to prefer to hire workers with more education than is necessary to do the work because:

A) Better educated people work harder
B) It is hard to know when these additional skills and knowledge might be useful
C) They often try to hire workers with cultural values and work habits similar to their own
D) They will be easier to train in the office routines

Question 8

Minorities have shorter life expectancy than whites.Which of the following is a reason for this?

A) Black babies are two and a half times as likely to die in infancy as are white babies
B) Whites are more likely to work in manual occupations where danger and thus injury is greater
C) Whites are more likely to be exposed to toxic chemicals at work
D) A disproportionate number of America's black communities are located adjacent to industrial facilities

Question 9

Minority group members suffer from more health disadvantages than do whites in all the following ways EXCEPT:

A) They are more likely to die in infancy
B) They live longer lives
C) Suffer more frequent and more serious illnesses
D) Suffer more illnesses that limit their daily activities

Question 10

The split labor market theory is based on the:

A) Conflict perspective
B) Social-psychological perspective
C) Functionalist perspective
D) Marxist perspective

Question 11

The Marxist theory on discrimination suggests that:

A) White laborers gain and employers lose as a result of discrimination
B) Black laborers gain white laborers lose as a result of discrimination
C) Employers gain and while laborers lose as a result of discrimination
D) Everyone loses as a result of discrimination

Question 12

The fiscal crisis of cities has lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Library hours and locations have expanded
B) Police and fire protection has been reduced
C) Education has been cut back
D) Public hospitals have been closed

Question 13

White Americans are more likely than minority groups to:

A) Be relative newcomers to the middle or upper class
B) Have been victimized by systematic economic exploitation
C) Own their own homes
D) Live in homes where the property values increase more slowly or not at all

Question 14

Szmanski's (1976)study showed that in states with relatively high racial inequality in income,whites had lower average incomes and:

A) Less unequal distribution
B) More unequal distribution
C) Demanded more discrimination against blacks
D) Were more likely to encourage blacks to join the union

Question 15

Black job seekers often face all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Being told there are no job openings when white job seekers are told they are still open
B) Being lectured on being lazy and drug use when white job seeks do not get told this
C) Having "black" sounding names like "Lakisha" leading to fewer job interviews or hires than those with names like "Emily"
D) Having better chances to get hired than whites with felony convictions

Question 16

A pattern whereby minorities are disproportionately exposed to hazardous substances both at work and at home is called:

A) Environmental justice
B) Environmental racism
C) Toxic racism
D) Pollution policies

Question 17

Which of the following is true about minorities and economics?

A) Home ownership is equal between blacks and whites
B) Black high school graduates are less likely than white high school graduates to complete college, even when their families' incomes are similar
C) Most minorities with higher incomes have been in the middle and upper classes for generations
D) Many minority group members are in positions of power in major corporations

Question 18

Which statement is true according to the split labor market theory?

A) It is a form of functional theory
B) The business owner prefers not to discriminate because he/she recognizes that racial discrimination is dysfunctional
C) Discrimination is in the interest of minority laborers
D) Minority laborers are instrumental in the creation of a dual wage system

Question 19

Which kind of wealth is most heavily concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy whites?

A) Savings bonds
B) Savings accounts
C) Stocks or mutual funds
D) Social Security

Question 20

Which of the following is true?

A) Minority groups have been excluded from ownership or control of the major means of production in today's corporate economy
B) The majority of blacks own their own homes
C) Blacks and Hispanics own as much stock as whites
D) Hispanics, but not blacks, are well represented in power positions of major corporations

Question 21

When Dr.Schulman (1999)showed a video of a black and a white man reporting symptoms indicating a serious heart problem to 700 doctors,they were asked if the patients needed further advanced medical treatment.The doctors:

A) Recommended both patients for further diagnostic testing for heart disease
B) Recommended the black patient for further diagnostic testing for heart disease but not the white patient
C) Recommended the white patient for further diagnostic testing for heart disease but not the black patient
D) Did not recommend further diagnostic testing for either patient

Question 22

10.People with incomes below the poverty level today see doctors more often than before Medicaid was established.

Question 23

6.Most minority people who use traditional medicine which involves folk medicine or religious healing,rarely go to see medical doctors.page.: 299

Question 24

9.Because Medicaid pays well,most physicians welcome these patients into their practices.

Question 25

In Saskatchewan province Canada,when they introduced a $1.50 fee for each visit to the doctor (it had been free)they found what result?

A) More people went to the doctor regardless of race
B) Poorer people, especially with large families, in large part stopped coming
C) Wealthier people were less likely to come to the doctor
D) Poorer people were more likely to come to see the doctor

Question 26

2.The practice of hiring better-educated employees when education is not a factor completing the job is deliberately racist.

Question 27

When African Americans experience racism at work and they choose not to respond,what effect does this have on their health?

A) They had relatively lower blood pressure than those who complained
B) They had fewer asthma attacks than whites
C) They had higher blood pressure than those who complained
D) They had no difference in health effects

Question 28

All of the following are reasons why minorities do not get the health care they need EXCEPT:

A) Health is expensive
B) Incompatibility of middle-class and traditional medicine
C) Lack of minority physicians
D) Surplus of physicians in inner-city, urban areas

Question 29

1.Corporate ownership is overwhelmingly white.

Question 30

7.The percentage of African Americans enrolled in medical schools is increasing each year.

Question 31

Health care in America is economically and racially stratified because:

A) Poor people have unlimited access to medical care
B) Care for the middle-class is often more fragmented, rushed, and less holistic than the care received by the poor
C) The design of the health care system is such that it meets the needs of the physician more than the needs of the patient
D) We have a national health care plan that covers all Americans

Question 32

5.The United States spends more money per capita on health care than any other country in the world.

Question 33

Among the industrialized countries of the world,which two have health care systems based solely on the ability to pay?

A) Canada and Great Britain
B) The United States and South Africa
C) The United States and Canada
D) Sweden and Norway

Question 34

Medicaid mills:

A) Are practices which accept large numbers of Medicaid patients who are treated just like patients with private insurance
B) Often provide unneeded, costly, and potentially dangerous medical treatment
C) Are mail-order diploma mills for Medicaid doctors
D) Can never be very profitable for doctors

Question 35

Which of the following is true about the Medicaid program?

A) Fewer than 43 percent of persons in families with incomes below $14,000 were covered by Medicaid
B) It must cover all people in families whose income falls below the federal poverty line
C) Whites are much more likely to be covered by Medicaid
D) Medicaid has not improved access to health care among the very poor

Question 36

Increasing the number of minority physicians is important for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) Minority physicians are less likely to work in minority neighborhoods
B) African American and Latino doctors practiced in areas with fewer doctors per capita than non Hispanic white doctors
C) Minority physicians are more likely to enter primary care specialties
D) Minority physicians are more likely to serve uninsured and medically indigent patients

Question 37

4.Environmental racism is the pattern by which minorities are disproportionately exposed to hazardous substances both at work and at home.

Question 38

3.Black and Hispanic Americans are concentrated live in central cities.

Question 39

8.In hospitals,the higher the proportion of patients who are black,the less intensive the procedures that are provided and the higher the mortality rate.

Question 40

For health care many Mexican Americans use:

A) Doctors known as médico
B) Nurses known as enfermera
C) Lab technicians known as técnicos de laboratorio
D) Folk healers known as curanderos

Question 41

1.Why are minority physicians such an important element in American health care? Why is the supply of minority physicians so limited?

Question 42

1.Who benefits and who loses according to Becker's theory,split labor market theory,and Marxist theory of economic discrimination?

Question 43

2.Does access to Medicaid guarantee poor people the same quality medical care as those who are privately insured? Explain your answer.