Deck 20: Cognitive-Perceptual Disorders: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, Learning Problems, Sensory Processing Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Blindness, and Deafness

Question 1

The parent of a child diagnosed with ADHD tells the primary care pediatric
nurse practitioner that the child gets overwhelmed by homework assignments, doesn't seem to know which ones to do first, and then doesn't do any assignments. The nurse practitioner tells the parent that this represents impairment in which executive function?
A. Activation
B. Effort
C. Emotion
D. Focus

Answer 1

Activation

Question 2

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 3­year­old child
who speaks loudly, in a monotone, does not make eye contact, and prefers to sit on the exam room floor moving a toy truck back and forth in a repetitive manner. Which disorder does the nurse practitioner suspect?
A. Attention­deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B. Autism spectrum disorder
C. Executive function disorder
D. Sensory processing disorder

Answer 2

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 3

The parent of a 4­year­old child reports that the child gets upset when the
hall light is left on at night and won't leave the house unless both shoes are tied equally tight. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recognizes that this child likely has which type of sensory processing disorder?
A. Dyspraxia
B. Over­responder
C. Sensory seeker
D. Under­responder

Answer 3

Over­responder

Question 4

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a school­age child
who has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which plan will the nurse practitioner recommend asking the child's school about to help with academic performance?
A. 504
B. FAPE
C. IDEA
D. IEP

Question 5

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an examination on
a 5­year­old child who exhibits ritualistic behaviors, avoids contact with other children, and has limited speech. The parent reports having had concerns more than 2 years ago about autism, but was told that it was too early to diagnose. What will the nurse practitioner do first?
A. Administer an M­CHAT screen to screen the child for communication and
B. Ask the parent to describe the child's earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool.
C. Reassure the parent that if symptoms weren't present earlier, the likelihood of autism is low.
D. Refer the child to a pediatric behavioral specialist to develop a plan of treatment and management.

Question 6

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is considering medication
options for a school­age child recently diagnosed with ADHD who has a primarily hyperactive presentation. Which medication will the nurse practitioner select initially?
A. Low­dose stimulant
B. Moderate­dose stimulant
C. Low­dose non­stimulant
D. Moderate­dose non­stimulant

Question 7

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is selecting a medication for a
12­year­old child who is newly diagnosed with ADHD. The child is overweight, has a history of an atrial septal defect at birth, and reports mild shortness of breath during exercise. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe?
A. A low­dose stimulant medication
B. A non­stimulant medication
C. Behavioral therapy only
D. Cardiovascular pre­screening

Question 8

A child who has attention­deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has difficulty
stopping activities to begin other activities at school. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner understands that this is due to difficulty with the self­regulation component of
A. emotional control.
B. flexibility.
C. inhibition.
D. problem­solving.

Question 9

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is conducting a follow­up
examination on a child who has recently begun taking a low­dose stimulant medication to treat ADHD. The child's school performance and home behaviors have improved. The child's parent reports noticing a few tics, such a twitching of the eyelids, but the child is unaware of them and isn't bothered by them. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Adding an alpha­agonist medication
B. Changing to a non­stimulant medication
C. Continuing the medication as prescribed
D. Stopping the medication immediately

Question 10

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner cares for a preschool­age child
who was exposed to drugs prenatally. The child bites other children and has tantrums when asked to stop but is able to state later why this behavior is wrong. This child most likely has a disorder of
A. executive function.
B. information processing.
C. sensory processing.
D. social cognition.

Question 11

The parent of a preschool­age child who is diagnosed with a sensory
processing disorder (SPD) asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner how to help the child manage the symptoms. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
A. Establishing a reward system for acceptable behaviors
B. Introducing the child to a variety of new experiences
C. Maintaining predictable routines as much as possible
D. Providing frequent contact, such as hugs and cuddling

Question 12

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner uses the Neurodevelopmental
Learning Framework to assess cognition and learning in an adolescent. When evaluating social cognition, the nurse practitioner will ask the adolescent
A. about friends and activities at school.
B. if balancing sports and homework is difficult.
C. to interpret material from a pie chart.
D. to restate the content of something just read.