Deck 35: Caring for Clients With Hivaids

Question 1

A client diagnosed with HIV asks the nurse how the doctor can know what their viral load is. What should the nurse respond?

A) The doctor can have a sedimentary rate run.
B) The doctor can have a basic metabolic panel run.
C) The doctor can have an ELISA test run.
D) The doctor can have a polymerase chain reaction test run.

Answer 1

The doctor can have a polymerase chain reaction test run.

Question 2

A male client comes to the walk-in clinic stating he has just found out he has been exposed to HIV. The client tests HIV-negative after an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The client wants to know the precise sources through which the HIV infection is transmitted, as he wants to take proper precautions. Which of the following body fluids transmits the HIV infection?

A) Sweat
B) Saliva
C) Urine
D) Semen

Answer 2

Semen

Question 3

A public health nurse is giving an informational presentation on HIV/AIDS at a nearby college. How would the nurse best explain AIDS?

A) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.
B) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a fatal infection that profoundly weakens the immune system.
C) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a sexually transmitted disease.
D) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infectious disease transmitted in blood and body fluids.

Answer 3

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a fatal infection that profoundly weakens the immune system.

Question 4

A client suspected of having HIV has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIVpositive?

A) Western Blot
B) Schick
C) ELISA
D) CBC

Question 5

A woman infected with HIV comes into the clinic. What symptoms may be the focus of a medical complaint in women infected with HIV?

A) Rashes on the face, trunk, palms, and soles
B) Muscle and joint pain
C) Gynecologic problems
D) Weight loss

Question 6

A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has developed neuropathy, which may be an adverse effect of the antiretroviral drug therapy. What advice should the nurse give?

A) Discontinue the drugs immediately and consult a physician.
B) Take the drugs only with meals.
C) Increase the intake of vitamin B12and thiamine supplements.
D) Reduce the dosage of the drugs.

Question 7

A 17-year-old client with a diagnosis of HIV presents at the public health clinic complaining of pharyngitis, rash on the palms and soles of his feet, and diarrhea. What would the nurse suspect the client is suffering from?

A) ADC
B) ARS
C) DSP
D) ARC

Question 8

A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time they eat. The client has AIDS and wants to know what they can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?

A) Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
B) Encourage large, high-fat meals.
C) Reduce food intake.
D) Increase the intake of iron and zinc.

Question 9

A client, who has an established HIV diagnosis, is thought to have converted to AIDS. What are the criteria for confirming a diagnosis ofAIDS? Select all that apply.

A) A markedly decreased T4 cell count
B) Development of opportunistic infections
C) Falling into a CDC established category for AIDS diagnosis
D) Responding to antiretroviral drugs
E) Development of Kopi's sarcoma

Question 10

A client who is HIV positive has been prescribed antiretroviral drugs. The nurse explains the action of each antiretroviral drug and develops a schedule for the client's self-administration, including strong emphasis about rigidly adhering to the dosage, time and frequency of the administration of the drugs. Why is it important to adhere to the schedule of drug dosing developed for this client?

A) To avoid overdosing on the drugs
B) To avoid resistance to the drugs
C) To maintain appropriate blood levels of the drugs
D) To get the most benefit from the drugs

Question 11

The nursing instructor is talking about HIV/AIDS with their pre-nursing pathophysiology class. The instructor explains to the class that the virus that causes HIV/AIDS is called a retrovirus. What characteristics of this retrovirus would the instructor talk with the class about?

A) Transmission of the virus
B) HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes
C) The fact that it is a mutated virus originally thought to be bovine in nature
D) Cure rate of the virus

Question 12

A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection?

A) Limit interactions with people who are not HIV infected.
B) Limit interactions with people who are already HIV infected.
C) Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.
D) Quit their job and admit themselves to a hospital or a cancer treatment center.

Question 13

A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by their family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?

A) Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)
B) Candidiasis
C) AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 14

You are caring for a client who has a diagnosis of HIV. Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

A) The use of condoms
B) What vaccinations to have
C) Side effects of drug therapy
D) The action of each antiretroviral drug

Question 15

A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has orders for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client?

A) Avoid any physical contact with the client.
B) Avoid cleaning the client's urine or stools.
C) Wear barrier garments for as long as possible after leaving a client's room.
D) Transport the specimens of body fluids in leakproof containers.

Question 16

A 16-year-old client suspected of having HIV/AIDS asks the nurse what causes AIDS. What should the nurse say?

A) The human immunodeficiency virus
B) The streptococcal bacteria
C) The Epstein-Barr virus
D) The staphylococcal bacteria

Question 17

People have different levels of risk for becoming infected with HIV. Which client is more at risk of becoming infected with HIV?

A) A woman who has never had intercourse
B) A person having casual intercourse with multiple partners
C) A woman who has had deliveries after the age of 40
D) A man who uses sildenafil (Viagra) before having intercourse

Question 18

An immigrant and his wife are both HIV positive. The physician prescribes antiretroviral medications. However, the client tells the nurse he is concerned about his ability to afford the treatment. What advice can the nurse provide to the client to help begin the treatment?

A) The client can choose an alternative, less expensive medication and later shift to taking antiretroviral medications.
B) It is not the responsibility of the nurse to advise clients on the financial aspect of a treatment.
C) The client should consider a second opinion from another medical expert.
D) The client can approach social agencies and pharmaceutical companies that provide antiretroviral drugs on compassionate grounds.

Question 19

You are caring for a client diagnosed with HIV. The client wants to know when they will be started on medication for their disease. What would be the nurse's best response?

A) If the client has a CD4 T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3.
B) When the client is coinfected with hepatitis
C) If the client is diagnosed with HIV-associated liver disease.
D) After the client has been cured of Kaposi's sarcoma.

Question 20

A client who is HIV positive is taking zidovudine. Which adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor for in this client?

A) Anemia and granulocytopenia
B) Numbness in the extremities
C) Alterations in the renal function
D) Pancreatitis

Question 21

Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply.

A) T4/T8 ratio
B) polymerase chain reaction
C) Western blot
D) p24 antigen test
E) ELISA test

Question 22

A client with suspected HIV has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. What diagnostic test would be run next?

A) ELISA
B) Western Blot
C) T4/T8 ratio
D) Polymerase chain reaction

Question 23

There are many ethical issues in the care of clients with HIV or HIV/AIDS. What is an ethical issue healthcare providers deal with when caring for clients with HIV/AIDS?

A) Sharing the diagnosis with a support group
B) Caring for a client who can kill other people
C) Disclosure of the client's condition
D) Caring for a client with an infectious terminal disease

Question 24

The school nurse is teaching a health class in the local high school. One topic covered in the class is the prevention of STIs includingHIV/AIDS. What are areas of HIV prevention the school nurse would emphasize to the high school students? Select all that apply.

A) Use of spermicidal foams and jellies
B) Sexual abstinence
C) Safe sex
D) Sexual activities in which body fluids are not exchanged
E) Use of an IUD

Question 25

A client diagnosed with HIV/AIDS has been started on antiretroviral medication. The nurse explains that the client may develop a fever;swollen, tender lymph nodes, and pharyngitis. If the client develops these sequelae to drug therapy, what would the client have?

A) Viremia
B) ARC
C) ADC
D) DSP