Deck 5: Ecology of Nonparental Child Care

Question 1

The accreditation of child care centers is done by _________ whereas the accreditation of family day-care homes is through _________.

A) NAEYC; NAFCC
B) NAFCC; NAEYC
C) INA; CPR
D) None of the answers are correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Skeels (1966) study showed that

A) Children need do not need care and nurturance to develop normally.
B) Baby monkeys cling to their mothers when frightened.
C) Infant who are initially deprived can grow up normally if caring, nurturing adults intervene.
D) Infants cannot be separated from their mothers.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Janet provides child care in her home five days per week. Which of the following is true about Janet?

A) She was required to go through an accreditation process (through NAFCC) for her home day care.
B) She had the option of going through an accreditation process (through NAFCC) for her home day care.
C) She would only be required to go through an accreditation process (through NAFCC) if she had more than 10 children in her care.
D) There is not an accreditation process for family day-care homes.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Researchers have identified factors contributing to "less than optimal" quality in child care centers. Which of the following would be on the researchers' list?

A) Staff turnover is high
B) All the caregivers have degrees in child development
C) There are fewer children per adult
D) The staff is paid well

Question 5

In the United States, the first cooperative nursery school was established at

A) The St. Louis World's fair.
B) The University of Chicago.
C) The University of Houston.
D) A Russian cultural center in Chicago.

Question 6

The process of supporting a person, group, or cause is called

A) Advocacy
B) Engagement
C) Compromise
D) Enrichment

Question 7

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 allows qualified employees to take how much unpaid leave per year?

A) 2 weeks
B) 6 weeks
C) 12 weeks
D) 36 weeks

Question 8

According to your text, the latest research indicates children who attend quality child-care programs are _________ attached to their mothers than children who are cared for at home.

A) More negatively
B) More insecurely
C) Similarly
D) More

Question 9

Early childhood classrooms with smaller groups and trained teachers allow teachers to

A) Engage in more social interaction with the children.
B) Buy more books for the program.
C) Assume more authoritarian roles.
D) Engage in less parent-teacher communication.

Question 10

Compared to other children, research finds children who have been in full-time child care programs are

A) More socially competent
B) Less aggressive
C) More fearful
D) More compliant with adult demands

Question 11

Of the following, which is the most significant predictor of quality in child care?

A) The teacher's gender
B) The cost of the program
C) Whether or not the caregiver has specialized training in child development
D) Where the center is located

Question 12

Mason & Duberstein (1992) found that parents focused on what when choosing child care?

A) Availability
B) Affordability
C) Both availability and affordability
D) No answers are correct

Question 13

Child care provided for children before or after school hours or during vacation is called what?

A) Preschool
B) Extended Day Care
C) Montessori
D) Egocentric

Question 14

According to Spitz (1946)

A) It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers than it was for infants to be raised by group care in a foundling home.
B) It was better for infants to be raised in a foundling home than in prison.
C) It made no difference who raised the infants.
D) It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers in prison only if the mother was over 35.

Question 15

The day nurseries of the mid-19?? century could best be described as

A) Developmental
B) Custodial
C) Unnecessary
D) Limited to the upper class

Question 16

When looking at attachment, one should consider the possibility of differences in _________ among infants who attend child care and those who do not.

A) Coping style
B) Mothers
C) Number of hours in care
D) All answers are correct

Question 17

According to your text, the intellectual performance of children who attend a quality day care program is _________ that of children from similar family backgrounds who do not attend a day care program.

A) Higher than
B) Lower than
C) About the same as
D) None of the answers are correct; Research has not measured this

Question 18

The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale is a measure used to assess

A) Quality in child care settings.
B) Playground equipment.
C) Parents' attitudes toward child care.
D) IQ (intelligence).

Question 19

Which is an argument used against federal funding for early care and education programs?

A) Families should be able to care for their own without outside assistance.
B) Public money spent to enhance the early childhood years is more beneficial than public money spent to correct a deficiency in later childhood.
C) Of children with employed mothers, approximately 80% of those aged 5 and younger are in a child-care arrangement for an average of almost 40 hours per week.
D) The period in a child's life from birth to age 5 is critical for the development of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive skills.

Question 20

According to Belsky (1988, 1992), full-time child care (more than 20 hours per week)

A) Is not linked to emotional development in later childhood.
B) Is linked to increased risk for emotional problems in later childhood.
C) Has not been studied.
D) Is not related to attachment.

Question 21

The curriculum style that is individualizaed to each child's stage of development is

A) The developmental interaction curriculum.
B) The Montessori curriculum.
C) The direct-instruction curriculum.
D) The cognitively-oriented curriculum.

Question 22

Where would we most expect to find unsupervised children?

A) Day care centers
B) Low-income communities
C) In homes where mothers work full-time and parents are divorced or separated
D) In communities with high adult-to-child ratios (more adults per child)

Question 23

The sensorimotor stage differs from the preoperational stage in that in preoperational,

A) The child is using symbols consistently.
B) The child is engaged in abstract thought.
C) The child's thinking is centered around senses and motor abilities.
D) The child's though processes focus on assimilation.

Question 24

Elena is eleven. Elena walks home from school and lets herself into the house with her own house key. In this respect, Elena is similar to about what percentage of children in 4?? through 8?? grade?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 22%
D) 50%

Question 25

Which of the following is not one of the five minds for the future curriculum according to Howard Gardner?

A) The disciplined mind
B) The cognitive mind
C) The synthesizing mind
D) The ethical mind

Question 26

Miller (1989) found that, in day care centers, _________ varied according to the socioeconomic status of the center's clientele (families).

A) Language interactions
B) Social interactions
C) Both language and social interactions
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 27

People-focused activities are emphasized in which cultural framework?

A) Independence-Oriented
B) Interdependence-Oriented
C) Individualistic
D) Equilibrium-Producing

Question 28

Ideology refers to

A) Concepts about human life and behavior.
B) A child's readiness to learn.
C) Developmental changes associated with the biological process of aging.
D) Coming from a different cultural or economic background than someone else.

Question 29

The Montessori curriculum is

A) Leaner-Directed.
B) Teacher-Directed.
C) Considered a Direct Instruction Curriculum.
D) Identical to the Bereiter-Engelmann program.

Question 30

Karoly (1998) followed nine early intervention programs and concluded early child care and education did have lasting effects. In Karoly's study

A) Children were randomly assigned to groups.
B) Children were followed over 25 years.
C) The study included objective measures, such as level of criminal activity.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 31

Which of the following can be characterized as "thinking based on appearances"?

A) Preoperational
B) Concrete Operational
C) Post-Operational
D) Sensorimotor

Question 32

Piaget's term for the state of balance between assimilation and accommodation is

A) Sensorimotor.
B) Conservation.
C) Equilibrium.
D) Direct Instruction.

Question 33

The cognitively oriented curriculum

A) Does not allow exploration and experimentation on the part of the child.
B) Strives to apply Piaget's theory to the classroom.
C) Relies heavily on reward and punishment.
D) Is teacher-directed.

Question 34

Collaborative caregiving refers to

A) The mutual exchange of support and ideas between caregivers and parents.
B) A society in which there are numerous options for child care.
C) Care settings in which parents are listened to but then ignored.
D) Care settings in which teachers and parents hold the same political views.

Question 35

The care settings most often used for infants and toddlers are

A) Relatives, family day care homes, day-care centers
B) Relatives, friends, older neighbors
C) Day-care centers, schools
D) Family day care homes and day-care centers only

Question 36

Company A is interested putting a child care center on the grounds of their new manufacturing plant. If plans for the center go through, and Company A is similar to other companies, they should expect

A) Fewer people will be calling in "sick" for reasons related to child care.
B) It will be easier to recruit new employees.
C) Employees will have a more positive attitude toward their work.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 37

Jalonda is six years old. Which of Piaget's stages is she in?

A) Preoperational
B) Concrete Operational
C) Post-Operational
D) Sensorimotor

Question 38

The best type of intervention for "at risk" children is one that

A) Reinforces the family as a child-rearing system.
B) Takes over the family role.
C) Becomes the primary source of affection for the child.
D) Excludes parents from the program.

Question 39

A curriculum based on behaviorist principles is the

A) Direct Instruction Curriculum.
B) Developmental Interaction Curriculum.
C) Piagetian Curriculum.
D) Maturational Curriculum.

Question 40

Which of the following influences socialization outcomes in child-care settings?

A) Family socioeconomic status
B) Family structure
C) Parental educational level
D) All answers are correct

Question 41

When employers offer day care, employees are found to have a more _________ attitude toward work.

Question 42

John Bowlby's research focusing on the effects of child care on the mother-child relationship supported ______________ care.

Question 43

The Keeping Children and Families Safe Act was passed in

A) 1910.
B) 1974.
C) 1995.
D) 2003.

Question 44

Weikart's curriculum, which strives to apply Piagetian theory, is called the _________ curriculum.

Question 45

Thinking is Action is characteristic of which Piagtian stage?

Question 46

The process of supporting a person, group or cause is called _________.

Question 47

An example of a federally funded comprehensive preschool and intervention program is _____________________.

Question 48

Generally, the intellectual performance of children who attend a quality day-care program is _________ than that of children from similar family backgrounds who do not attend a day care program or who attend one of poor quality.

Question 49

Care provided by an individual in the child's own home is called _________ care.

Question 50

The term for children who carry their own key and let themselves into their homes is _________.

Question 51

The most common types of care for school-aged children (aged 6-12) are family day-care homes and _________.

Question 52

A curriculum in which the learning activities are planned by the teacher for all the children is called _________-Directed.

Question 53

When learning activities emerge from individual interest and teacher guidance, the curriculum is considered _________-Directed.

Question 54

Size of the group, caregiver-child ratio, and specialized training are all indicators of _________ in child care settings.

Question 55

In poor quality child care settings, staff turnover is _________.

Question 56

Care given to children by persons other than parents during the parts of the day when parents are absent is termed _________.

Question 57

From a cost/benefits perspective, advocates for child care suggest the cost of community child care services outweigh the later costs of

A) Special education services
B) Juvenile delinquency
C) Welfare payments
D) All answers are correct

Question 58

The term that refers to the goals and objectives of an educational program, the teacher's role, the equipment and materials, the space arrangement, the kinds of activities, and the way the activities are scheduled is _________.

Question 59

The 1996 welfare law allows recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to collect federally funded benefits for what length of time? _________

Question 60

According to Piaget, the process of learning that involves incorporating new experiences is _________.

Question 61

A curriculum that is individualized in relation to each child's stage of development while providing many opportunities for children to interact with peers and adults is the _________ curriculum.

Question 62

Imagine you are employed at a child care resource and referral agency. Drawing upon information found in your text, write a briefing for the public which highlights trends and issues related to nonparental child care today. Include in your report the concepts of child maltreatment, collaborative caregiving, and developmental appropriateness.

Question 63

Describe how cognitively-oriented curricula differ from the direct instruction curriculum.

Question 64

Compare and contrast a teacher-directed curriculum with a learner- directed curriculum and give examples.

Question 65

According to Piaget, at age nine we would expect a child's thought to be characterized by the stage called _________ operations.

Question 66

Children in teacher-directed programs score ________ on reading and math achievement tests than children in learner-directed programs.

Question 67

Imagine you are on the board creating a new child care center in your community. Describe to the rest of the board the factors the new center needs to make it a high-quality caregiving environment.

Question 68

Provide an overview of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and describe how the sensorimotor period is different from the preoperational period.

Question 69

The curriculum based on dividing learning tasks into small progressive segments and reinforcing mastery of them is called the _________ curriculum.

Question 70

_________ refers to developmental changes associated with the biological process of aging.

Question 71

The first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is termed ________.

Question 72

Describe how the accreditation process for child care centers differs from the accreditation process for family day care homes and in-home caregiving arrangements.

Question 73

Compare and contrast the Montessori curriculum to the developmental interaction curriculum. Include in your answer similarities and/or differences in philosophy, classroom structure, and curricula.

Question 74

The _________ mind refers to socialization toward having the capacity to uncover and clarify new problems, questions, and pose possible and novel solutions.

Question 75

Using information found in your text, provide an overview of the effects of nonparental child care on cognitive development.

Question 76

Drawing on studies published since 1970, summarize the research on attachment as it relates to nonparental child day care.

Question 77

The "Tools of the Mind" curriculum is based on _____________theory of learning.

Question 78

Create a list of 10 questions that parents should ask when they are seeking high-quality child care for their child.

Question 79

Using Karoly's (1998) study as a base, write a persuasive argument for the continued funding of Head Start and other similar programs.