Deck 12: Cost, Access, and Quality

Question 1

According to Anderson and Aday, which of the following is an element of "realized access"?

A)Enabling characteristics
B)Type, site, and purpose of health services
C)Distribution of health care services according to the patient's self-perceived need
D)None of the above

Answer 1

Type, site, and purpose of health services

Question 2

Expenditures (E) equal:

A)Price (P) minus Quantity (Q)
B)Price (P) plus Quantity (Q)
C)Price (P) divided by Quantity (Q)
D)Price (P) times Quantity (Q)

Answer 2

Price (P) times Quantity (Q)

Question 3

A service is cost-efficient when:

A)The desired health outcome is achieved
B)The patient's insurance plan saves money
C)The benefit received is greater than the cost incurred to provide the service
D)None of the above

Answer 3

The benefit received is greater than the cost incurred to provide the service

Question 4

What does the ACA mostly likely to accomplish?

A)Expand access
B)Improve quality
C)Reduce cost
D)Reduce administrative waste

Question 5

What does the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure?

A)Medical inflation
B)General inflation
C)Health care expenditures
D)Overall government expenditures

Question 6

What is the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS)?

A)A quality report card
B)A cost report card
C)A government database on health plans
D)None of the above

Question 7

What are small area variations?

A)Geographic variations in health care practice
B)Demographic variations in health care practice
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 8

The Donabedian Model includes all of the following elements except:

A)Outcomes
B)Costs
C)Structure
D)Process

Question 9

Medical cost inflation is influenced by all of the following factors except:

A)Waste and abuse
B)Increase in elderly population
C)Decrease in uninsured
D)Growth of technology

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of GDP is spent on health care in 2009?

A)7%
B)17%
C)27%
D)37%

Question 11

What are administrative costs?

A)Costs associated with management of the financing, insurance, delivery, and payment functions of health care
B)Costs associated with financing and insurance only
C)Costs associated with delivery and payment functions only
D)None of the above

Question 12

Why should rising health care costs be controlled?

A)Americans have to forgo other goods and services when more is spent on health care.
B)Unless we control costs, total health care expenditures will far exceed what they would be under free-market conditions.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The distinction between predisposing and enabling conditions can be applied to assess the _______ of a health care system.

A)cost
B)equity
C)efficiency
D)effectiveness

Question 14

What is the main reason for the lack of success of health care cost control efforts in the U.S.?

A)Malpractice lawsuits
B)Cost shifting by providers
C)Dislike of the practice by consumers
D)Growth of technology

Question 15

What is the purpose of clinical practice guidelines?

A)To provide a plan to manage a clinical problem based on evidence or consensus
B)To lower costs
C)To improve outcomes
D)All of the above

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of certificate-of-need statutes?

A)To increase utilization of primary care services
B)To decrease Medicaid reimbursements for specialty care
C)To control capital expenditures by health facilities
D)To reduce provision of unnecessary health care services

Question 17

What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

A)A measure of all the goods and services produced by a nation in a given year
B)A measure of all the goods and services produced by a nation in a given year, divided by the population
C)A measure of all the goods and services produced by a nation in a given year, minus the amount of money spent by the government
D)A measure of all the goods and services produced by a nation in a given year, divided by the amount of money spent by the government

Question 18

Which age group in the U.S.has had the highest average annual percent growth over the past 30 years?

A)Over 85
B)65-84
C)45-64
D)25-44

Question 19

What is meant by the term "health care costs"?

A)The price of health care
B)How much a nation spends on health care
C)Cost of producing health care
D)All of the above

Question 20

What is a PRO?

A)Price Rationing Organization
B)Political Review of Outcomes
C)Peer Review Organization
D)President's Review of Organizations

Question 21

Medicare trustees project that the trust fund will be depleted by 2010.

Question 22

Critical pathways are outcome-based and patient-centered case management tools that facilitate coordination of care.

Question 23

The U.S.is likely to achieve socialized medicine under the ACA.

Question 24

Managed care increased the rate of growth in health spending between 1993 and 2000.

Question 25

Compared to other nations, the U.S.uses a larger share of its economic resources for health care.

Question 26

Prevention and lifestyle behavior changes to promote health are not major foci of the medical model.

Question 27

Access, quality, and cost are three unrelated components.

Question 28

Health care costs for the elderly are nearly 3 times more than those for the non-elderly.

Question 29

Since 1975, the rates of change in medical inflation have remained consistently and continuously above the rates of change in the CPI.

Question 30

Whether payment for health care services is made by the government or by a private insurance company, individual patients pay a price far higher than the actual cost of the service.