Deck 9: Change and continuity: women in prosperity,Depression,and war

Question 1

What role did First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt play in the New Deal?

A) She publicized her husband's disability in an effort to create public recognition of disability rights issues.
B) She promoted birth control for poor Americans who could not afford large families in times of economic stress.
C) She pushed the president to pay more attention to the problems of African Americans and women.
D) She served as a role model for the average housewife by remaining out of politics and concentrating on domestic life.

Answer 1

She pushed the president to pay more attention to the problems of African Americans and women.

Question 2

How were the WASPs (Women Airforce Service Pilots)different from other women's military agencies?

A) They were the only female agency that was segregated.
B) Women were only allowed to serve as nurses and clerks in this agency.
C) The first black female pilot in the U.S. military was a WASP.
D) WASPs performed high-status male jobs such as serving as test pilots.

Answer 2

WASPs performed high-status male jobs such as serving as test pilots.

Question 3

What political split occurred in 1921 at a National Woman's Party (NWP)meeting?

A) Young women split with older activists because they thought their tactics old-fashioned.
B) The conservative members of NWSA split over Paul's insistence on protective legislation.
C) Republican women split with the Democratic women within the organization over an eight-hour workday.
D) Black activists split with white activists for refusing to support their fight for full voting rights in the South.

Answer 3

Black activists split with white activists for refusing to support their fight for full voting rights in the South.

Question 4

The 1932 National Economy Act helped set a trend of firing or not hiring

A) women whose husbands already had jobs.
B) African American women.
C) immigrants who were not naturalized.
D) teens who might take jobs from older adults.

Question 5

Why did more women serve in local government than on the national level during the 1920s?

A) The pay was better on the local level than on the national level.
B) Men felt that women's inferior education made them unfit to solve national issues.
C) Many local positions were nonpartisan and seemed more appropriate for women.
D) Women did not have to run against men for these jobs because they were appointed.

Question 6

In terms of their sexual lives,American wives of the 1920s experienced change in

A) the increasing availability and respectability of reliable birth control.
B) the repression of their sexuality by husbands threatened by the "flapper" image.
C) a return to more conservative notions of male authority.
D) a new freedom from housekeeping and childrearing due to modern conveniences.

Question 7

How were black nurses treated differently than white nurses during World War II?

A) They were not allowed to travel overseas.
B) They were often assigned menial, unskilled tasks.
C) They were prohibited from serving in the army until 1944.
D) They were always assigned to the night shift.

Question 8

Women's military service during World War II was restricted and highly regulated largely because of

A) cultural anxieties about servicewomen sacrificing their femininity.
B) concern that too many women in the military would damage the workforce.
C) women's inability to master the physical requirements of military service.
D) private pressure from the women's families to limit their role.

Question 9

How did some white women respond to the employment of African American women in the defense industries?

A) In a show of solidarity, they demanded that African American workers be paid equal wages.
B) Feeling that they were no longer needed, some white women quit work and returned to their homes.
C) Reflecting a desire to keep race boundaries, some women went on strike demanding segregation in the workplace.
D) Angry that black workers had skilled jobs, they petitioned Congress to change the practice.

Question 10

Dorothea Lange's photograph "Migrant Mother" became an icon of the Depression decade because it

A) demonstrated how hardworking farmers weathered the economic downturn.
B) illustrated the suffering of families caught up in the nation's economic collapse.
C) highlighted the energy of participants in the migrant workers' union activities.
D) illustrated the activism and political action of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

Question 11

Sociologists writing in the 1930s,assessing the psychological effects of the Depression,gave the impression that

A) women were hardest hit because they faced increased discrimination in the workplace.
B) children were hardest hit because their families could no longer clothe or feed them.
C) men were hardest hit because they were traditionally the chief family wage earner.
D) the Depression actually helped women because it placed higher value on their work.

Question 12

How did the Depression affect jobs for African American women?

A) Job opportunities in factory work increased because factory owners paid them far less than white men and women.
B) Many African Americans received government subsidies to farm abandoned land, increasing their participation in farm labor.
C) Increased employment for African American men meant that fewer black women had to work.
D) Employment in domestic service declined and competition increased at so-called "slave markets" in most major cities.

Question 13

What also ended with the end of World War II?

A) The male-centered ideal of the family wage
B) Women's brief venture into well-paid industrial labor
C) The brief wartime rise in the birthrate
D) Race-based employment practices

Question 14

How did the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)reflect existing assumptions about women's subordinate role in the workforce?

A) It outlawed hiring women for industrial jobs.
B) It allowed women to be paid lower wages than men.
C) It only allowed women to be hired for a limited time.
D) It only allowed male unions to strike for better wages and hours.

Question 15

How did World War II affect the lives of Chinese women in America?

A) Jobs in the defense industry offered significant economic improvements over the work they had traditionally done.
B) Chinese women found themselves facing the same persecution and discrimination that Japanese women endured.
C) Many Chinese women left the United States to return to China and help in the war effort against Japan.
D) Chinese woman endured closer scrutiny and were often asked to produce proof of legal status.

Question 16

Japanese American internment during World War II led to the erosion of

A) many traditional religious beliefs.
B) anti-Asian sentiment among American citizens.
C) the strong patriarchal authority of the Japanese household.
D) women's traditional rights in Japanese culture.

Question 17

During World War II,women became the objects of a massive propaganda campaign to urge them to

A) work in the defense industry and other sectors of the economy.
B) serve as nurses and doctors in the military.
C) return to their homes to care for their families.
D) buy only domestically produced goods.

Question 18

What was the most rapidly expanding field of work for women in the 1920s?

A) Agricultural work
B) Teaching
C) Clerical work
D) Factory work

Question 19

The main impact of the Nineteenth Amendment on women's activism of the 1920s was to

A) bring women together to pursue additional successes.
B) expose the class, race, age, and ideological differences among women.
C) shift activists' focus from public issues to quality-of-life issues.
D) push the women's movement toward increased liberalism.

Question 20

In 1920,white women formed the League of Women Voters and dedicated that organization to

A) nonpartisan voter education.
B) finding good women candidates.
C) joining the Republican Party.
D) campaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 21

How did the majority of Americans respond to a 1936 poll by George Gallup about whether woman should work?

A) Married women should not work if their husbands were employed.
B) It was just as important for women to be employed and help support the family as men.
C) No woman should work as long as a large majority of men were unemployed.
D) The only acceptable job for married women was that of a teacher.

Question 22

Which of the following is the only service that the government refused to militarize during World War II?

A) Women's Army Corps (WAC)
B) Marine Corps Women's Reserve (MCWR)
C) Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)
D) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)

Question 23

What were the "slave markets" in New York City and other large cities during the 1930s?

A) The street corners on which unemployed men gathered in hopes of being hired for day labor
B) The red-light districts in most large cities where men could find prostitutes
C) The street corners where black women would stand waiting for white women to hire them
D) The alleys in most slums where children were abandoned by poor parents

Question 24

How did World War II affect the lives of Mexican women in the United States?

A) Employers stopped asking for proof of legalization because they needed all the workers they could find.
B) Authorities considered Mexican immigrants a security risk and typically deported them.
C) Because they were banned from factory work, they were forced to take low-paying migrant farm work.
D) They faced discrimination and hostility in the factories, so they preferred to work as domestic servants.

Question 25

Social reformers Julia Lathrop and Frances Perkins opposed the ERA because they

A) feared it would set back women's advancement in teaching and nursing.
B) preferred a more gradual and calculated entrance into the political arena.
C) were staunch supporters of states' rights and opposed a national amendment.
D) believed it would damage protective labor laws for women.

Question 26

In November 1942 the National War Labor Board issued an order with the purpose of

A) ensuring that women would not be tempted to join a labor union.
B) stopping employers from hiring illegal immigrants.
C) protecting men's wages while women took male jobs during the war.
D) allowing African American women access to defense industry jobs.

Question 27

Although "Rosie the Riveters" succeeded in breaking down sex-segregated labor patterns,the press instead chose to emphasize that

A) these workers acknowledged that men did their jobs better.
B) only unmarried women filled these hard labor jobs.
C) most of these workers were women of color.
D) these women had maintained their femininity.

Question 28

How did homemaking become more complicated for women during the Great Depression?

A) Women had a hard time finding domestic workers as many women flocked to the factories.
B) Women had to deal with the presence of extended kin, as many families combined households.
C) Women had to contend with the increased burdens of pregnancies as families grew larger in these years.
D) Women had to deal with the stress of blended families as couples increasingly divorced and remarried.

Question 29

In addition to male employment rates,what other rate dropped during the Great Depression?

A) The fertility rate
B) High school graduation rates for girls
C) Enlistment in the military
D) Desertion rates of husbands

Question 30

What nonpartisan organization was formed in 1920 with an overall mission of training women to be good citizens?

A) National Woman's Party
B) League of Women Voters
C) Progressive Party
D) Woman's Joint Congressional Committee

Question 31

How did the internment of Japanese Americans affect young Japanese women?

A) Confined in close quarters with their families, young Japanese women lost even more independence.
B) Only foreign-born Japanese Americans were interred, so many young daughters found themselves living alone.
C) Camp jobs gave young Japanese women a taste of economic equality and independence from their parents.
D) Disgusted by the treatment they experienced in the camps, most decided to leave the country after the war.

Question 32

Black women fought persistent discrimination in the defense industries by

A) pressuring the National War Labor Board to issue and enforce antidiscrimination regulations.
B) organizing a march against U.S. Employment Services offices.
C) demanding that President Roosevelt enforce the same guidelines in the defense industry that existed in the armed forces.
D) orchestrating a letter campaign to Eleanor Roosevelt asking for her personal attention to their situation.

Question 33

What issue did the National Woman's Party (NWP)focus on after the woman suffrage amendment was ratified?

A) Extending suffrage in the South
B) Antilynching laws
C) Passage of an Equal Rights Amendment
D) Passage of new protective labor laws

Question 34

Surveys of women working during World War II indicated that three out of four women

A) planned to quit working as soon as the war ended.
B) had no problems juggling work and child care.
C) felt that their household duties and responsibilities were not disrupted by the war.
D) hoped to continue to work outside the home after the war.

Question 35

How did American housewives' lives change in the 1920s?

A) Many women divorced their husbands because they were attracted to the glamorous life of a "flapper."
B) After the war, Americans returned to conservative notions of male authority in the family.
C) Women were expected to be better consumers, provide cleaner homes, and raise healthier children.
D) Middle-class families increased in size, burdening women with more maternal responsibilities.

Question 36

What concerns were raised about women enlisting in the military during World War II?

A) They might grow tired of the harsh conditions and resign.
B) Women could fall prey to sexual immorality and drunkenness.
C) They could lower the morale of men in the service.
D) Women would lower the wages that male soldiers received.

Question 37

In the 1930s,the use of contraception spread to the working class mainly because of

A) the relaxation of patriarchal authority within the family.
B) radio advertising for birth control products.
C) sex education in the schools promoted by the New Deal.
D) economic necessity and the availability of contraceptive devices.

Question 38

How did the Social Security Act of 1935 reinforce women's inequality as wage workers?

A) Women only received benefits after their husband died if they quit their paying jobs.
B) The act only covered men working in the factories, not women.
C) The act offered no coverage for workers in domestic and agricultural occupations.
D) Dependent mothers only received funds for their children if they did not work.

Question 39

What was the job market like for African American women after World War I?

A) African American women who had migrated north retained their high-paying factory jobs.
B) Most African American women were engaged in farm work and domestic service.
C) After losing wartime factory jobs, many African American women became teachers.
D) With the war over, many African American women entered the high-status occupation of clerical work.

Question 40

Why did support for reform movements diminish after World War I?

A) The war resulted in new international organizations to manage conflict and promote global prosperity.
B) The positive effects of Prohibition convinced many Americans that no new reforms were needed.
C) The Red Scare cast suspicion on all liberal reform initiatives as suspect and dangerous.
D) Probusiness Democrats controlled both the White House and Congress and opposed federal regulation.