Deck 4: Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Which effect takes place when one drug interferes with the action of another drug?

A) Antagonism
B) Displacement
C) Interference
D) Incompatibility

Answer 1

Antagonism

Question 2

Diffusion is one of the mechanisms involved in absorption of medications.What is an effective way for the nurse to explain this mechanism of absorption to a patient?

A) Spray perfume in the air.
B) Pour clear water into clear water in a cup.
C) Mix flour in a large cup.
D) Put bread and meat together.

Answer 2

Spray perfume in the air.

Question 3

A patient has been on antibiotic therapy every 4 hours for 4 days because of a respiratory infection.The patient feels better and has been increasingly missing regular doses of the medication.What should the nurse advise the patient to do?

A) Take the regular doses to keep the correct level of medication in the blood.
B) Stop taking the medication.
C) Take the medication at the same level despite the missed doses.
D) Start taking the medication once a day.

Answer 3

Take the regular doses to keep the correct level of medication in the blood.

Question 4

The nurse is taking a drug history from a patient about her medication,and the patient tells the nurse that the one aspirin she takes a day gives her stomach pain.The patient is having which kind of reaction?

A) Allergy
B) Side effect
C) Toxic
D) Paradoxical

Question 5

The nurse is explaining to a patient the difference between a side effect and an adverse reaction.What response should the explanation involve?

A) Both side effects and adverse reactions are severe.
B) Side effects are mild, and adverse effects are severe.
C) Both side effects and adverse reactions are mild.
D) Side effects are severe, and adverse reactions are mild.

Question 6

A patient is on a cardiac medication and has been drinking alcohol every evening while watching television.On a visit to the clinic,the patient tells the nurse this information and asks if this is all right.What should be the nurse's response?

A) "Limit your alcohol use to 8 ounces a day with a meal."
B) "Alcohol and drugs may alter the drug's ability to work."
C) "There is no alteration with alcohol and drugs if you eat."
D) "The effects of alcohol and drugs only alter sometimes."

Question 7

What is the process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Solubility

Question 8

Drug metabolites can be excreted from the body in which of the following?

A) Saliva, tears, and blood
B) Urine, feces, and bone marrow
C) Feces, urine, and breast milk
D) Breast milk, blood, and urine

Question 9

The patient tells the nurse that he gets a headache after taking an antihypertensive medication.What is the explanation for this?

A) Uncommon symptom
B) Side effect
C) Drug interaction
D) Desired effect

Question 10

A nurse is administering a patient's medication by mouth.The nurse knows that for this medication to be utilized by the body,diffusion,filtration,and osmosis must take place.Which mechanism is the first to be involved in that process?

A) Excretion
B) Metabolism
C) Distribution
D) Absorption

Question 11

Which is the most life-threatening type of medication reaction?

A) Paradoxical reaction
B) Hypersensitivity reaction
C) Adverse reaction
D) Anaphylactic reaction

Question 12

A patient is admitted to the hospital for complaints of drowsiness and nausea after taking an over-the-counter medication for seasonal allergies.What potential problem is this?

A) Adverse effect
B) Desired action
C) Side effect
D) Paradoxical response

Question 13

What can affect the half-life of a drug?

A) Patient age
B) Liver dysfunction
C) Cardiac disease
D) Smoking

Question 14

Chemical names are different from trade or brand names because chemical names describe which of the following?

A) Atomic or molecular structure
B) Metabolic and chemical structure
C) Generic or chemical structure
D) Receptor and agonist structure

Question 15

A patient asks why she needs to report all the over-the-counter medications she takes to her health care provider.Which represents the best response to this inquiry?

A) Some medications interfere with other medications.
B) All medications need to be listed in your record.
C) Sometimes errors are made in storing over-the-counter medications.
D) Some over-the-counter medications are mislabeled.

Question 16

Vitamin C is a water-soluble medication that is dissolved,filtered,and excreted out of the body through which organ(s)?

A) The small bowel in feces
B) The gallbladder through the liver
C) The kidneys through urine
D) The skin through evaporation

Question 17

Which explanation by the nurse explains to a patient that water should be taken with a tablet?

A) "Juice or milk can keep it from dissolving."
B) "Water is important for proper metabolism."
C) "Water keeps the medicine potent."
D) "Water helps to dissolve the medication."

Question 18

What should the nurse do when writing the trade and generic name of a drug?

A) Capitalize both trade and generic names.
B) Capitalize the trade name but not the generic name.
C) Capitalize only the generic name.
D) The trade name is not capitalized.

Question 19

Which is always true regarding the generic name for a drug?

A) It is capitalized when written.
B) It is the same in any country.
C) It is assigned by a specific manufacturer.
D) It is similar to the chemical name.

Question 20

Which medication is absorbed most rapidly?

A) Subcutaneous insulin
B) Intravenous antibiotic
C) Rectal suppository
D) Sublingual nitroglycerin

Question 21

A patient is speaking with the nurse and is concerned about his antihypertensive medication.He tells the nurse that the medication makes him very sleepy.What should be the nurse's response?

A) "This is a serious reaction and you should discontinue the medication immediately."
B) "You are having a desired response to the medication."
C) "This is a side effect of the medication."
D) "Begin to take the medication every three days."

Question 22

Propranolol (Inderal)is eliminated almost entirely via metabolism by the liver after oral administration.This necessitates giving much larger doses by mouth as compared to intravenous (IV)administration.For this reason,propranolol is a good example of a drug that exhibits which effect?

A) Hepatotoxicity
B) Nephrotoxicity
C) First-pass
D) Displacement

Question 23

Probenecid is sometimes given to patients taking penicillin to prolong the penicillin half-life and thus enhance plasma levels of penicillin.This is a desirable example of which effect?

A) Additive effect
B) Antagonistic effect
C) Synergistic effect
D) Drug interaction

Question 24

A drug's trade name is used in advertisements and marketing and is often easy to remember.Which drug names are trade names? (Select all that apply.)

A) Dimetapp
B) Lanoxin
C) Hydromorphone
D) Pen-Vee K
E) Meperidine

Question 25

Cell membranes with very small passages,such as the placental and blood-brain barriers,affect which pharmacokinetic processes?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Question 26

The nurse is administering a drug with a long half-life.What does a long half-life mean?

A) The drug may need to be taken more frequently.
B) The drug actions may last a short amount of time.
C) The half-life has no bearing on medication administration.
D) The drug may be taken once a day.

Question 27

Which are the two basic responses a patient can have to a drug's actions?

A) Half-life
B) Desired action
C) Side effects
D) Bioequivalence
E) Onset

Question 28

Medications have both trade and generic names.Which two medication names represent the same drug?

A) Demerol
B) Codeine
C) Valium
D) Morphine
E) Diazepam