Deck 1: Clinical Psychology: Definition and Training

Question 1

The ______ is an organization whose member graduate programs emphasis and promote scientific, research-based clinical psychology as the legitimate form of clinical psychology.

A) Academy of Psychological Clinical Science
B) American Academy of Psychology
C) American Psychological Association
D) Association for the Advancement of Clinical Psychology

Answer 1

Academy of Psychological Clinical Science

Question 2

The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by a(n) ______.

A) joint emphasis on practice and research
B) emphasis on research over practice
C) emphasis on practice over research
D) combined emphasis on practice, research, and psychopharmacology

Answer 2

joint emphasis on practice and research

Question 3

______ was the first person to operate a psychological clinic.

A) Richard McFall
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Alfred Adler
D) Lightner Witmer

Answer 3

Lightner Witmer

Question 4

Based on the discussion in the textbook, a good definition for clinical psychology should ______.

A) focus solely on the treatment of patients
B) include an emphasis on research and publication
C) contain reference to the science, theory, and practice of this broad field
D) exclude the behavioral components that contribute to psychological processes

Question 5

The term clinical psychology was first used in print in the year ______.

A) 1780
B) 1894
C) 1907
D) 1952

Question 6

John is an undergraduate psychology major. He wishes to become a clinical psychologist. In order to reach this goal, John must ______.

A) earn a doctoral degree in clinical psychology
B) earn a master's degree in clinical psychology
C) earn a bachelor's degree in psychology
D) complete 300 clinical internship hours while an undergraduate student

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

A) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training.
B) The scientist-practitioner model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time.
C) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged after the clinical scientist model of training.
D) The clinical scientist model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time.

Question 8

Demonstrating that there are many paths to the profession of clinical psychology, more than half of APA-accredited doctoral programs offer ______.

A) focus groups
B) specialty training
C) part-time study
D) online internships

Question 9

Diane has been accepted into a clinical psychology graduate program that adheres to the Vail Model of training. Upon graduation from the program, Diane is most likely to earn a ______ and work in a ______.

A) PsyD; clinical setting
B) PhD; clinical setting
C) PsyD; university psychology department
D) PhD; university psychology department

Question 10

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs ______.

A) typically place greater emphasis on research-related aspects of training
B) are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities
C) prepare their graduates to work as researchers in academic settings
D) are more likely to require a research-based dissertation

Question 11

Richard McFall is most closely associated with the development of the ______ model of training.

A) scientist-practitioner
B) clinical scientist
C) therapist-educator
D) practitioner-scholar

Question 12

The Boulder model of training is also known as the ______ model of training.

A) practitioner-scholar
B) clinical scientist
C) clinical psychologist
D) scientist-practitioner

Question 13

A growing emphasis in clinical psychology graduate training is specific ______, or outcome-based skills that a student must be able to demonstrate in areas such as assessment, research, and ethics.

A) benchmarks
B) specialty tracks
C) competencies
D) training realms

Question 14

Currently, there are more clinical psychology graduate programs subscribing to the ______ model of training than any other model.

A) counselor educator
B) practitioner-scholar
C) scientist-practitioner
D) clinical scientist

Question 15

Clinical psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training ______.

A) typically award the PhD, rather than the PsyD, degree
B) emphasize practice over research
C) emphasize research over practice
D) equally emphasize research and practice

Question 16

Michael's career goal is to become a clinical psychologist who researches the treatment effectiveness of new psychotherapy interventions for bipolar I disorder. He envisions his work setting in academia or at a national research institute. When selecting clinical psychology graduate programs to which he will apply, Michael should focus on programs that adhere to the ______ model of training.

A) scientist-practitioner
B) practitioner-scholar
C) clinical scientist
D) learner-seeker

Question 17

Lane is attending a clinical psychology graduate program that subscribes to the Boulder Model of training. Which of the following would Lane NOT experience in his program if it truly adheres to the Boulder Model?

A) training in psychotherapy and statistics
B) an approximately equal emphasis on research and clinical training
C) completing original research, such as a dissertation
D) minimization of clinical training with a heavy emphasis on research training

Question 18

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs typically ______.

A) accept a smaller percentage of applicants
B) offer significantly more funding to enrolled students in the form of graduate assistantships, fellowships, and tuition remission
C) produce graduates who score higher on the national licensing exam (EPPP)
D) have lower rates of success placing their students in APA-accredited predoctoral internships

Question 19

The Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology is ______.

A) a book authored by Richard McFall that details scientific standards for psychological research
B) a resource used by many graduate school applicants to learn about specific clinical psychology programs
C) an online portal for applying to clinical psychology graduate programs
D) an evaluation rubric used by graduate program admissions committees to evaluate applicants

Question 20

The first person to use the term clinical psychology in print was ______.

A) Lightner Witmer
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) Richard McFall

Question 21

______ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently.

A) Successful completion of the predoctoral internship
B) Successful completion of the postdoctoral internship
C) Successful completion of all graduate courses in an APA-accredited graduate program
D) Licensure

Question 22

Students enrolled in a practitioner-scholar program typically earn what degree?

A) PsyD
B) PhD
C) MD
D) MS

Question 23

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is ______.

A) diagnosis/assessment
B) research/writing
C) psychotherapy
D) teaching

Question 24

The website of one doctoral training program includes the following statement: "The Clinical Psychology area is dedicated to research and training in clinical science . . . The main training objective . . . is to cultivate the development of scholars through exposure to a rich and multidisciplinary array of research opportunities." This program adheres to the ______ model of training.

A) scientist-practitioner
B) practitioner-scholar
C) clinical scientist
D) counseling psychology

Question 25

School psychologists ______.

A) are not qualified to conduct psychological testing
B) work with children in schools and the adults involved in students' lives
C) attend medical school and specialize in school psychology
D) are not allowed to provide counseling to their clients

Question 26

The ______ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded.

A) postdoctoral internship
B) predoctoral internship
C) first year of graduate school in a PsyD program
D) first year of graduate school in a PhD program

Question 27

The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is ______.

A) private practice
B) medical schools
C) psychiatric hospitals
D) university psychology departments

Question 28

A major difference between predoctoral and postdoctoral interns is ______.

A) predoctoral interns often have more responsibilities than postdoctoral interns
B) predoctoral interns have not yet earned their doctoral degree, while postdoctoral interns have
C) predoctoral interns practice under supervision, while postdoctoral interns practice independently
D) predoctoral interns work in psychiatric hospitals, while postdoctoral interns work in university counseling centers

Question 29

Compared to clinical psychologists, professional counselors ______.

A) earn a master's degree rather than a doctoral degree
B) place a higher emphasis on psychological testing
C) are more likely to conduct extensive research in their training programs
D) often specialized in career, school, or addiction counseling

Question 30

Josephine is an undergraduate student wants to increase her odds of getting into a clinical psychology graduate program. Based on recommendations provided in the textbook, which of the following is the best advice you could provide to Josephine?

A) avoid undergraduate courses in statistics and research methodology. These classes often lower an applicant's GPA
B) get to know your professors. Build a positive, professional relationship with them so they can write meaningful, persuasive letters of recommendation for you
C) limit yourself to one road to becoming a clinical psychologist. For example, once you have decided you want to earn a PhD from a scientist-practitioner program, do not consider other training options
D) do not seek out clinically relevant experience while an undergraduate. Graduate programs prefer to train "fresh" graduate students, not students who have already acquired some skills through part-time experiences

Question 31

To maximize the likelihood of obtaining a predoctoral internship, students interested in pursuing graduate training in clinical psychology should ______.

A) restrict the number of internship sites to which they apply as a way to save money
B) apply to internships in only one or two states
C) pursue graduate clinical psychology training from a PhD, rather than a PsyD, program
D) apply to internships that are located in the same state as their graduate program

Question 32

Carrie is writing a personal statement to include with her application to a clinical psychology graduate program. Which of the following should she NOT include in her personal statement?

A) discussion of her clinical psychology career aspirations
B) her research and clinical interests
C) more detailed discussion of clinical or research experiences listed on her vita
D) overly personal or revealing information, such as a mental health diagnosis

Question 33

Compared to clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists tend to ______.

A) work with clients whose degree of psychopathology is greater
B) work in settings such as inpatient psychiatric units
C) work in settings such as college counseling centers
D) work in settings such as hospitals

Question 34

Psychiatrists ______.

A) tend to emphasize biological aspects of clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologists
B) earn the same degree and receive the same license as clinical psychologists
C) are most likely to use psychotherapy and other "talking cures" to treat patients
D) can prescribe medication in all 50 states, while clinical psychologists cannot prescribe in most states

Question 35

Social workers ______.

A) typically earn a doctoral degree
B) undergo training that places heavy emphasis on research methods and psychological testing
C) emphasize the biological causes of mental illness
D) focus on the interaction between an individual and components of society

Question 36

The second most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is ______.

A) private practice
B) medical schools
C) psychiatric hospitals
D) university psychology departments

Question 37

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs tend to ______.

A) place less emphasis on research-related aspects of training and more emphasis on clinically relevant aspects of training
B) accept and enroll a much smaller percentage and number of applicants
C) offer significantly more funding to enrolled students
D) graduate students in a longer time period (about 1.5 years longer)

Question 38

Once a clinical psychologist is licensed, many states require the accumulation of a specific number of ______ in order to renew the license.

A) postgraduate courses
B) continuing education units
C) seminar certificates
D) state board phone conferences

Question 39

Typically, clinical psychologists must pass the ______ in order to become licensed.

A) Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)
B) Continuing Education Units Psychology Examination (CEUPE)
C) Examination for Psychological Practice with Independent Persons (EPPP)
D) Counselor Education Unity Psychology Examination (CEUPE)

Question 40

Between 1988 and 2001, the number of PsyD degrees awarded ______.

A) more than doubled
B) remained constant
C) declined by 10%
D) increased by 10%

Question 41

List three primary differences between PhD and PsyD programs.

Question 42

What is the most common professional activity of clinical psychologists?

Question 43

How do clinical psychologists differ from psychiatrists?

Question 44

Name and briefly describe the differences between each of the three models of training currently in use by graduate programs in clinical psychology.

Question 45

What is the most common setting in which clinical psychologists work?

Question 46

After completing a predoctoral internship and receiving the PhD or PsyD, what additional steps are generally required to obtain licensure to practice independently?

Question 47

List three areas of required coursework that are a part of doctoral graduate training in clinical psychology.

Question 48

How do clinical psychologists differ from counseling psychologists?

Question 49

A student applying for clinical psychology graduate programs would likely select a program adhering to the ______ model of training if he or she wished to primarily engage in clinical work, like psychotherapy and assessment, upon graduation.

Question 50

Describe at least three steps that you would take to improve the strength of your application to a graduate program in clinical psychology.

Question 51

The practitioner-scholar model of graduate training is also known as the ______ model.

Question 52

The scientist-practitioner model of graduate training is also known as the ______ model.

Question 53

A student applying for clinical psychology graduate programs would likely select a program adhering to the ______ model of training if he or she wished to primarily engage in research and teach in a university upon graduation.