Deck 25: The Crisis Deepens: World War Ii

Question 1

The event(s) that allowed Hitler to gain dictatorial powers by "legal" means was/were

A) his Dachau speech and the two subsequent assassination attempts by the SPD in 1932.
B) the death of President Hindenburg and Hitler's speech at Hindenburg's funeral.
C) the Reichstag fire, Mussolini's "Caesar" speech, and Rommel's endorsement.
D) the crushing of the Kiel Mutiny by the SS.
E) the passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag.

Answer 1

the passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag.

Question 2

Which leader first used the term "totalitarian"?

A) Benito Mussolini
B) Mao Zedong
C) Francisco Franco
D) Adolf Hitler
E) General Franco

Answer 2

Benito Mussolini

Question 3

Which statement best describes Mussolini's Fascist rule in Italy?

A) It gave him total control over all aspects of Italian life.
B) It achieved greater power, in repression and media control, than the dictatorships in Germany and the Soviet Union did.
C) It tried to involve all Italian socialists in a program of indoctrination, but achieved only limited success in that area.
D) It promoted an egalitarian view of women´s roles in society.
E) It was strongly supported by business and large landlord groups.

Answer 3

It was strongly supported by business and large landlord groups.

Question 4

Mussolini became prime minister of Italy

A) when King Victor Emmanuel, reacting to Fascist intimidation, appointed him.
B) because the Fascio di Combattimento won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election.
C) after groups of squadristi destroyed the socialist opposition to Fascist rule.
D) when he mounted a violent coup d'état and seized control of the government.
E) when he made an alliance with the pope and the Bolshevik government of Russia.

Question 5

One of Hitler´s key lieutenants, who commanded the SS, was

A) Paul von Hindenburg.
B) Heinrich Himmler.
C) Leni Riefenstahl.
D) Hermann Göring.
E) Joseph Goebbels.

Question 6

Which of the following occupations would be considered appropriate for women by the Nazis?

A) University teaching
B) Heavy industry
C) Social work
D) Law
E) Medicine

Question 7

The Nazi Party

A) had originally been called the Labor Party.
B) had 800,000 members by 1932.
C) gave qualified support to communism until 1935.
D) favored collectivization until 1934.
E) made class-based appeals in elections.

Question 8

The originator of the concept and practice of fascism was

A) Adolph Hitler.
B) General Francisco Franco.
C) Juan Peron.
D) Benito Mussolini.
E) Otto von Bismarck.

Question 9

The purpose of the SS was to

A) augment the forces of the SA.
B) use terror to enforce the policies of the Nazi party.
C) debilitate the development of Aryan supremacy.
D) motivate industrial workers to become more productive.
E) harass the French border guards in the Rhineland.

Question 10

What factors weakened social cohesion in European countries following the end of World War I?

A) A strong democratic presence
B) A lack of patriotic sentiment
C) A rise in consumerism
D) Class and gender divisions
E) Rising right-wing sentiments

Question 11

Which statement best characterizes totalitarian states in the 1930s?

A) They were democratic and championed individualism and democratic freedoms.
B) They were all-compassing, authoritarian dictatorships that subordinated individual needs, and employed police power and mass propaganda to achieve total control.
C) They limited their authoritarian dictates to the political and economic aspects of the state's affairs, in an effort to have freer social and cultural choices serve as means of placating the masses.
D) They wanted the masses to rule in all aspects of governance.
E) They depended upon the appeasement policies of the Eastern democracies.

Question 12

To whip up popular support for his totalitarian regime, Hitler organized gigantic mass rallies in the 1930s in the city of

A) Berlin.
B) Nuremberg.
C) Cologne.
D) Vienna.
E) Munich.

Question 13

The Aryan racial state

A) was destined, in Nazi plans, to control Western Europe and Africa.
B) needed only the passive tolerance of the German population in order to be established.
C) required the active involvement of the entire German population to achieve its destiny.
D) disliked mass demonstration unless the emotionalism was minimized.
E) would make all women warrior-soldiers, thus doubling Aryan military strength.

Question 14

In Mein Kampf, Hitler detailed his movement's underlying ideology, a combination of what factors?

A) Traditional racial and gender approaches and extreme German nationalism
B) Extreme German nationalism and virulent racism
C) Social Darwinian theory of struggle and anticommunism
D) Extreme German nationalism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism
E) Anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and fascist approaches

Question 15

The SA, or Storm Troops, were

A) the Nazi party militia.
B) the major threat to the security of the Nazi Party before 1923.
C) the first type of Kolkhoz.
D) led by Hermann Goering.
E) Mussolini's Black Shirts.

Question 16

The Beer Hall Putsch of 1923

A) brought Mussolini to power.
B) was an attempt to seize power in the independent nation of Southern Bavaria.
C) brought Hitler to power in Germany.
D) gave Hitler and the Nazis publicity in Germany.
E) led to the German government exiling Hitler back to his native Austria.

Question 17

The Nuremberg Laws of 1935

A) codified the process of collectivization.
B) sought to create racial homogeneity of Nazi Germany by expelling all Asians.
C) institutionalized an annual kristallnacht celebration at the end of June.
D) deprived German Jews of citizenship and legal rights.
E) marked the Nazi renunciation of all anti-Semitic policies in Germany.

Question 18

Hitler´s support in Germany derived partly from

A) his anti-capitalist appeals to the working class.
B) his anti-capitalist appeals to the working class .
C) his promise to uphold the Versailles Treaty in spite of its unpopularity.
D) his aim to restore Germany's leadership of the League of Nations.
E) his threat to tear up the unpopular German Constitution.

Question 19

Hitler solved the economic problems facing Germany in the Great Depression in large part by

A) pursuing a laissez-faire economic policy.
B) giving "pump-priming" grants to local and regional governments.
C) spending vast amounts of money on rearmament.
D) pursuing a policy of personal involvement in all aspects of the economy.
E) instituting state ownership of the major industrial corporations.

Question 20

Hitler wrote Mein Kampf

A) during World War I.
B) before the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.
C) while in jail after the failed Beer Hall Putsch.
D) during the early years of the Great Depression.
E) after becoming Chancellor in 1933.

Question 21

Major German initiatives in moving toward control of Europe before 1939 included the

A) occupation of the Ruhr Valley in 1936.
B) German seizure of Libya in 1935.
C) two-stage takeover of France in 1938 and 1939.
D) union with Poland.
E) forming the Rome-Berlin Axis.

Question 22

Stalin's program of forcibly collectivizing Russian agriculture

A) boosted efficiency on Russian farms by sixty percent in the early 1930s.
B) resulted in government-made famine in 1932 and 1933.
C) was very well received by the Russian peasantry.
D) enabled the Russian peasant to greatly increase his productivity.
E) greatly increased livestock numbers, doubling them in three years.

Question 23

Which act by Hitler constituted a violation of the Versailles Treaty?

A) The abolition of political parties
B) The creation of a new German national police force
C) The introduction of a military draft that would expand Germany's army to 550,000 troops
D) The German remilitarization of the Sudetenland
E) The cancellation of military inspections by the League of Nations

Question 24

The naval battle that established United States naval superiority in the Pacific was the Battle of

A) Midway.
B) the Coral Sea.
C) Shimonosecki Strait.
D) Malacca.
E) New Caledonia.

Question 25

The commander of the Afrika Korps was

A) Erwin Rommel.
B) Hans von Runstedt.
C) Rudolf Hess.
D) Adolf Gruber.
E) Hans Guederian.

Question 26

The concept of a new "Monroe Doctrine for Asia" meant that

A) the United States would protect Asia from European exploitation.
B) Japan would play the role of guiding Asia to prosperity and development.
C) the Soviet Union would become the Chinese protector against Japanese aggression.
D) Japanese diplomatic and military relationships with the other nations of Asia would be reduced.
E) the British navy would protect East Asian waters.

Question 27

Hitler's change in strategy to bomb British cities instead of British military targets

A) demoralized the British people.
B) allowed the British to rebuild their air strength quickly.
C) badly hindered British communication and transportation.
D) made Britain reach out to the United States asking for aid.
E) led German allies to break with Hitler over his tactics.

Question 28

The event that drew the United States fully into World War II was the

A) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
B) Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.
C) fall of France.
D) conquest and division of Poland by German and Russian forces.
E) Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

Question 29

Blitzkrieg was

A) a steady, methodical armed attack that was aimed at achieving an eventual weakening of an enemy and, finally, surrender.
B) a coordinated sudden attack by land and air forces.
C) never able to achieve its specific military objectives.
D) a series of naval attacks that were aimed at blockading enemy ports.
E) the use of massed artillery fire and poison gas against enemy fortifications.

Question 30

Which group was a target in Stalin´s infamous purges of the later 1930s?

A) The old Bolsheviks
B) Peasants who resisted the collectivization of the first five-year plan
C) Nazi sympathizers in Russia
D) Russian Jews
E) Western spies who were trying to infiltrate Russian industry

Question 31

The German invasion of Poland in September 1939 was facilitated by Hitler's nonaggression pact with

A) Petain's France.
B) Churchill's Great Britain.
C) Tojo's Imperial Japan.
D) Mussolini's Italy.
E) Stalin's Soviet Union.

Question 32

In March 1938, Hitler successfully united Germany with

A) Poland.
B) Austria.
C) Czechoslovakia.
D) the Rhineland.
E) Bavaria.

Question 33

Which military news reports would have been welcomed by Hitler?

A) The results of the Battle of Britain
B) The results of the battle of El Alamein.
C) The results of the Blitzkrieg against Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France.
D) The results of the battle of Stalingrad
E) The results of the battle of Kursk

Question 34

In order to secure reliable sources of rubber, tin, rice, scrap iron and liquid fuel, Japan decided it must

A) seize much of Southeast Asia.
B) attack British Pacific bases in Australia and elsewhere.
C) make arrangements with France and the Soviet Union to get oil and steel.
D) make trade treaties with Nazi Germany.
E) invade and conquer all of China.

Question 35

Hitler intended to gain more land for Germany in

A) France.
B) Russia.
C) Africa.
D) the British Empire.
E) the Middle East.

Question 36

The turning point on the Eastern Front was the battle of

A) Leningrad.
B) Stalingrad.
C) Normandy.
D) Warsaw.
E) Berlin.

Question 37

Stalin's first two five-year plans

A) moved sixty million people from European to Asian Russia.
B) transformed Russia into an agricultural country.
C) emphasized the production of consumer goods.
D) resulted in large increases in the nation's heavy industry and oil production.
E) reduced the number of industrial cities in the Urals and Siberia.

Question 38

At the Munich Conference of 1938, the

A) British and the French representatives allowed Hitler to take over the Sudetenland.
B) British prime minister refused to agree to the demands of Adolf Hitler.
C) policy of appeasement successfully put a stop to German expansion in Europe.
D) eventual Nazi control of all of Czechoslovakia was avoided.
E) British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave his support to the policy of appeasement.

Question 39

In Japan, after 1929,

A) the Great Depression increased both exports and wages.
B) a policy of political and diplomatic conciliation with China was followed.
C) right-wing extremists began to terrorize and at times murder opponents.
D) a formal treaty of non-aggression was made with the United States.
E) Prime Minister Tojo forced the emperor to declare war on Germany.

Question 40

After Hitler occupied most of France, he turned his attention to

A) subduing Poland.
B) launching a major air offensive against Britain.
C) planning a surprise attack on the United States.
D) invading the Soviet Union.
E) conquering North Africa.

Question 41

Conventional aerial bombing during World War II

A) did not appear to weaken the will of the people to continue to fight the enemy.
B) devastated German military production.
C) caused minimal damage, despite military planners´ hopes.
D) had little impact in Britain alone among the belligerent nations of Europe.
E) was practiced mostly by the Axis powers and only rarely by the Allies.

Question 42

During World War II, the Soviet Union

A) moved many factories from the eastern part of the nation to safer locations in the west.
B) had women actively participating in all aspects of the war effort, including combat.
C) suffered few civilian casualties, although its military losses were well into the millions.
D) captured Paris from the Vichy regime.
E) joined the war against Japan in 1941, immediately after Pearl Harbor.

Question 43

What did Japan promise to colonies in Southeast Asia during the war?

A) Liberation from any rule or oversight from any country.
B) Independent governments established under Japanese tutelage.
C) Economic help in exchange for military support.
D) Protection in exchange for economic support in the form of raw materials.
E) Colonialization under the oversight of Japanese military power.

Question 44

Which issue caused a serious rift between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union after World War II?

A) Free elections in Eastern Europe
B) Division of Germany into four occupation zones
C) Reestablishing Poland
D) Creation of the United Nations
E) Occupation of Japan

Question 45

Which country suffered by far the most casualties (civilian and military) during World War II?

A) Germany
B) China
C) Russia
D) France
E) Japan

Question 46

Under Japan's "New Order" in Asia

A) the Japanese government and military sincerely intended to liberate their fellow Asians from the burdens of Western colonialism and grant them complete independence.
B) Japanese treatment of conquered Asian peoples was intensely brutal in many cases.
C) Asian nationalists generally sided with the Japanese.
D) the Japanese were held in high regard by the conquered peoples of Asia.
E) Japan hoped to sell raw materials to conquered Asian lands to raise money for its military.

Question 47

The Holocaust included all of the following except

A) an attempt to increase the efficiency of the Einsatzgruppen units by moving mass murder activities to fixed, "death camp" locations.
B) consuming approximately 90 percent of central and eastern Europe's Jewish population.
C) the elimination of Gypsies and many others from groups deemed undesirable by the Nazis.
D) the murder of millions of forced laborers who died of starvation, overwork, or shooting.
E) the establishment of execution camps in France.

Question 48

The "Final Solution" refers to

A) the Nazis´ hope that defeat of Britain would end all resistance in Europe.
B) the Nazi belief that the conquest of Russia would secure enough land and resources to sustain the thousand-year Reich.
C) Hitler´s consolidation of power over all aspects of the German economy.
D) the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people.
E) the establishment of execution camps in France to eliminate all prisoners of war.

Question 49

At the Yalta Conference

A) De Gaulle demanded equal industrial reparation payments for all victor nations.
B) Stalin agreed to "free elections" in eastern Europe.
C) Truman received word of the successful testing of an atomic bomb.
D) Churchill made his "Iron Curtain" speech.
E) Truman issued his Truman Doctrine.

Question 50

Aerial bombing of wartime Japan

A) occurred only during the last month of the war.
B) had virtually no effect on Japanese industrial facilities.
C) included the first use of an atomic bomb.
D) produced very little destruction of Japanese housing.
E) spared Tokyo entirely.

Question 51

Among the major results of World War II was

A) the beginning of a major and world-wide decolonization movement.
B) the restoration of European world hegemony.
C) the restoration of a multi-power world.
D) the permanent partition of Germany.
E) that Japan was forced to join NATO.

Question 52

The Great East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was

A) America's promise to improve the living standards of the peoples of China, Japan, and elsewhere.
B) Japan's declaration that East Asia would become a self-sufficient economic community.
C) the promise by Great Britain that India would be given its independence.
D) China's attempt to replace capitalism with communism.
E) the United Nations' attempt to rebuilt Japan after World War II.

Question 53

The Cold War

A) was a major factor in world affairs for several decades after World War II.
B) resulted from the significant differences between Germany and the Soviet Union.
C) was the result of the agreements reached at the Allied war conferences that took place in 1939 and 1940, early in the war.
D) began during the battle of Stalingrad.
E) only began with the onset of the Korean War in 1950.

Question 54

The principle of unconditional surrender

A) made it nearly impossible for Hitler to divide his foes.
B) encouraged German and Japanese dissidents to negotiate peace.
C) focused the United States on Germany.
D) repeated the policies used from World War I.
E) cemented the United States and Britain but did not lessen suspicions of the Soviet Union.

Question 55

At the meeting of the Big Three at Tehran

A) it was agreed to use the atomic bomb against Japan.
B) Churchill strongly advocated an American-only invasion of France.
C) the Allies decided to partition postwar Germany.
D) Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to let Stalin take control of eastern Europe.
E) the Soviet Union agreed to declare war against fascist Spain.

Question 56

Which of these paths towards modernization did Vladimir Lenin support?

A) Modernization was brought about by an independent urban merchant class.
B) Modernization was brought about by traditional elites in the absence of a strong middle class.
C) Modernization was brought about by the end of agriculture.
D) Modernization was brought about by the ruthless military management of the economy.
E) Modernization was brought about by the destruction of private property.

Question 57

After World War II, ____ swept through Asia and Africa. ​

A) communist revolutions
B) recolonization efforts
C) fascist coups
D) decolonization movements
E) democratic revolutions

Question 58

To address the labor shortage during World War II, the Japanese government

A) To address the labor shortage during World War II, the Japanese government
B) relied on imported Chinese and Korean workers.
C) encouraged the employment of women in former male-dominated industries.
D) shut down all non-military industries which weakened its economy and contributed to the eventual war loss.
E) encouraged immigration from Western nations.

Question 59

Under Hitler's New Order

A) racial considerations played a major role in how conquered people were treated.
B) Latins and Aryans were equal in status and far superior to Slavic peoples.
C) conquered areas were directly annexed to Germany.
D) the Nazis sought lands to the East to extract natural resources.
E) the Nazi empire was ruled with equal brutality in all areas.

Question 60

Fascist propaganda for women in Italy argued for

A) equality within the workplace to build a stronger state.
B) a woman's duty was to be a homemaker and raise children.
C) women to become indoctrinated in fascism instead of the folly of religion.
D) civil service requirements for everyone according to skills, including women and children.
E) None of these.

Question 61

After World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones, which were administered by the four victorious powers.

Question 62

Hitler's ability to gain followers for the Nazi party was largely based on his prestigious position within the government.

Question 63

The totalitarian state was best exemplified by Mussolini's Italy.

Question 64

At the Allied conferences of 1945, the most divisive issue was the American plan to organize the United Nations after the war.

Question 65

Japan began to cooperate with Nazi Germany under the belief they would receive parts of the Soviet Union.

Question 66

Instead of employing women to replace absent men during World War II, the Japanese government relied on the labor of prisoners of war from China and Korea.

Question 67

War in China spread after Chinese and Japanese forces clashed at the Marco Polo Bridge, near Beijing, in 1937.

Question 68

In forming the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler

A) argued for violent political revolution to implement Communism.
B) lobbied a grassroots movement through the German Reichstag
C) consciously emulated the tactics employed by Mussolini.
D) tried to overthrow the government in Berlin.
E) ran for president of the Weimar Republic.

Question 69

After World War II, movements for independence in Africa and Asia intensified.

Question 70

The Nazi program of annihilating racial "inferiors" was focused solely on the Jews.

Question 71

In 1939, Germany angered the Soviet Union with its conquest of Poland.

Question 72

History's greatest naval invasion occurred on June 6, 1944, when the Allies landed in Normandy.

Question 73

The Japanese pursuit of a "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" won over Southeast Asian nations with its egalitarian form of economic cooperation.

Question 74

By 1939, France and Great Britain were the only two major states in Europe that remained democratic.

Question 75

The increasingly anti-Semitic phase that moved toward violence in Germany started with

A) the Nuremberg Laws.
B) the Mischling Laws.
C) Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass).
D) the partitioning of Poland.
E) implementing the blueprints of the Wannsee Convention.

Question 76

By the end of 1936, the Treaty of Versailles had been virtually scrapped.

Question 77

The Catholic Church was never absorbed into the fascist state in Italy and maintained its independence.

Question 78

All of the following brought German advances in Russia to a halt EXCEPT

A) Lack of supplies reaching the army
B) Harsh winter temperatures
C) Unexpected Russian resistance
D) Breaking down of German discipline
E) Air attacks by Russian forces

Question 79

At the Yalta Conference, in February 1945, Franklin Roosevelt informed the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin that the United States had successfully tested an atomic bomb.

Question 80

Because of its military-dominated dictatorship, the Great Depression had less impact on Japan than it did on democratic states.