Deck 8: Identity Perspectives on Todays World: Democracy, Religion, Nationalism, and Human Rights

Question 1

Which perspective best describes Samuel Huntington's argument about the clash of civilizations, which suggests that despite the makeup of states and identities, anarchy will persist and drive power competition?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following, an Egyptian writer and former government official who studied in the United States, is considered the "prophet of contemporary Islamic fundamentalism"?

A) Osama bin Laden
B) Sayyid Qutb
C) Ayman al-Zawahiri
D) Omar Rahman

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What type of actor might the identity perspective focus on as primary in international struggles for power?

A) states
B) institutions
C) ethnic groups
D) civilizations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following would Fareed Zakaria classify as an illiberal democracy?

A) a state that holds elections but has neither an active civil society nor independent courts to ensure real competitive political processes
B) a state that has democratic institutions, but they are based on traditional, native, or non-Western sources
C) a state that has democratic institutions but is not allies with the United States or Western European states
D) a state that has democratic institutions but is located in the developing world

Question 5

The militant group Moro National Liberation Front operates in which country?

A) Nigeria
B) Somalia
C) Saudi Arabia
D) The Philippines

Question 6

Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

A) prescriptive dress
B) Jihad
C) alms
D) conversion

Question 7

Which of the following features does the idea of democracy include?

A) Opposing political parties rotate peacefully in power through free and fair elections.
B) No institutions in the government are subject to the control of elected officials.
C) The military is subject to civilian control.
D) Individuals do not have fundamental protections of their civil rights.

Question 8

Citizenship involves what type of identity?

A) religious
B) civic
C) ethnic
D) linguistic

Question 9

Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

A) prayer
B) Jihad
C) church donation
D) conversion

Question 10

Which of the following is an innovation of the European Court of Human Rights?

A) It specifically protects women and children.
B) It only allows governments to petition the court.
C) It allows private parties as well as governments to petition the court.
D) It does not hear cases from its member states or their citizens.

Question 11

The transition from norms of state sovereignty to norms of human rights reflects which of the following trends?

A) a shift from the rights of states to the rights of individuals
B) a shift from the rights of individuals to the rights of states
C) a shift from the rights of states to the rights of multinational corporations
D) a shift from the rights of states to the rights of nongovernmental organizations

Question 12

Which of the following norms is centered on a state's freedom from interference in internal affairs by other states?

A) collective security
B) territorial integrity
C) the responsibility to protect
D) sovereignty

Question 13

Which of the following documents, approved by the UN in 1948, prescribes the obligations of states to individuals, rather than of individuals to states?

A) the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
B) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C) the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
D) the Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man

Question 14

Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that the Muslim Brotherhood exerts influence on international outcomes by expanding Islam abroad and ending military rule at home?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 15

Which of the following features does the idea of democracy include?

A) Opposing political parties do not rotate peacefully in power through free and fair elections.
B) All institutions in the government are subject to the control of elected officials.
C) The military is not subject to civilian control.
D) Individuals do not have fundamental protections of their civil rights.

Question 16

Which of the follow is one of the five pillars of Islam?

A) Jihad
B) pilgrimage
C) church donation
D) conversion

Question 17

Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that since the Cold War, the ideas of democracy have won out over the ideas of communism?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the systemic structural level of analysis
D) the systemic process level of analysis

Question 18

Which organization was founded in 1949 to promote human rights in Europe?

A) the European Court of Human Rights
B) the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
C) the Council of Europe
D) the European Union

Question 19

Which of the following represents a rigid and puritanical form of Islam originating in the eighteenth century?

A) Salafism
B) Wahhabism
C) Sufism
D) Quranism

Question 20

Which institution was the traditional center of UN diplomacy on human rights until it was replaced by the UN Human Rights Council?

A) the UN Economic and Social Council
B) the UN Universal Human Rights Council
C) the UN Convention on Human Rights
D) the UN Human Rights Commission

Question 21

The idea of holy war is unique to Islam.

Question 22

According to the identity perspective, when identities diverge and conflict, anarchy tends to create a struggle for resources and survival.

Question 23

Which level of analysis describes the identity argument that Russia resists international human rights interventions for fear of implications for domestic separatist movements?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 24

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Community of Democracies is an institution that aims to strengthen civil societies and encourage cooperation among democratic countries in the UN and other organizations at which two levels of analysis?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the systemic structural level of analysis
D) the systemic process level of analysis

Question 25

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Where is the historical center of Sunni Islam, located in the territories once ruled by the Ummayad and Abbasid dynasties?

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) Syria
D) Turkey

Question 26

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are true of Sunni Muslims?

A) They identify with a renegade group from the seventh century that advocated divine succession.
B) They represent the majority of Muslims.
C) They identify with the caliphs, or the elected successors of Muhammad.
D) They represent a minority sect of Muslims.

Question 27

Civic identity refers to the identity constructed when people are willing to submit to the laws of a common government.

Question 28

Afghanistan and Pakistan are sometimes referred to as AfPak in recognition of the commonalities in their struggle with al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

Question 29

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following rights are included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A) political participation and civic freedom
B) entitlements to adequate food, clothing, shelter, and health care
C) freedom from fear of bodily harm
D) freedom of women and children

Question 30

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Council of Europe has passed other human rights conventions, including which of the following?

A) the European Social Charter
B) the European Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man
C) the European Convention on the Rights of Women
D) the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

Question 31

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following states abstained from voting on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A) the Soviet Union
B) South Africa
C) Saudi Arabia
D) the United States

Question 32

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The concept of nationhood relies on which of the following?

A) the ability of the state to consolidate ethnic and religious identities
B) the ability of the state to protect its borders
C) the ability of the state to command the loyalty of its citizens
D) the ability of the state to force groups to coexist

Question 33

The American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, dating from 1948, is the world's first human rights instrument of a general nature.

Question 34

Latin America's human rights regime is centered in the ______.

A) Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
B) Organization of American States
C) Inter-American Commission
D) Institute of Latin American States

Question 35

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to the identity perspective, what are the primary sources of terrorism?

A) poverty and disease
B) unemployment
C) oppressive regimes
D) denial of political opportunity

Question 36

Legitimate authority to make and enforce the law is a key determinant of civic identities.

Question 37

Although Iraq is ethnically and religiously homogenous, Afghanistan is not.

Question 38

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. As of 2017, which of the following Muslim-majority countries are the only two countries currently living under "free" regimes?

A) Tunisia
B) Mali
C) Egypt
D) Senegal

Question 39

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has very little power to implement the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights.

Question 40

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following organizations created human rights regimes in the Islamic world?

A) the Arab League
B) the Arab Union
C) the Muslim Brotherhood
D) the Organization of the Islamic Conference

Question 41

______ are those rights inherent in all human beings that are often expressed and guaranteed by law in the forms of treaties, customary international law, general principles, and other sources of international law.

Question 42

States agree on which social, economic, and political rights of individuals are basic or fundamental.

Question 43

The process through which ethnic groups evolve toward nationhood is better known as ______.

Question 44

Francis Fukuyama argued that ______, unlike communism and fascism, supplied a sense of equal recognition among individuals and groups that ended the historical quest for domination.

Question 45

The concept of sovereignty historically guaranteed the rights of states, not the rights of individuals or universal human rights.

Question 46

A ______ is constructed when people are willing to submit to the laws of a common government rather than those of separate ethnic or religious groups.

Question 47

Ayaan Hirsi Ali draws a distinction between ______ Muslims, who are fanatics about religion, and ______ Muslims, who wrestle with maintaining their religious commitments in a modernizing society that challenges their traditions.

Question 48

The ______ is the first human rights commission to be established in Asia in 2009.

Question 49

________ is a term that refers to war waged for holy or religious reasons.

Question 50

The Arab Spring highlighted the new role of ______ in domestic and international politics.

Question 51

A basic feature of democracy is that opposing political parties rotate peacefully into and out of power through ______ elections.

Question 52

Samuel Huntington listed nine major world ________ (including Western, Orthodox, Confucian or Sinic, and Islamic) that were the most basic divisions of human culture.

Question 53

What are the three basic features of democracy?

Question 54

The ______ is a 1979 UN convention that broadly prohibits all discrimination against women.

Question 55

For over 400 years, the norm of ______ has identified states as the primary actors in international relations.

Question 56

In 1968, Iraq fell under the rule of the ______, an Arab Sunni group that advocated secular nationalism.

Question 57

______ describes a status acquired by states strong enough to protect their borders and command the loyalty of their citizens.

Question 58

The ______ was adopted by the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect citizens' rights to due process and political participation.

Question 59

The ______ is an international human rights instrument adopted by the nations of the Americas in 1969.

Question 60

______ Muslims represent the majority branch of Islam, while ______ Muslims represent a minority sect.

Question 61

What did Samuel Huntington mean by the clash of civilizations? Does his argument come from the realist, liberal, or identity perspective, and why?

Question 62

What are the key elements of the UN human rights regime?

Question 63

What are the key differences between Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims?

Question 64

According to Fareed Zakaria, what are illiberal democracies, and how does he advise the United States to go forth in promoting democracy globally?

Question 65

What are the key elements of the European human rights regime?