Deck 7: Microbial Genetics and Mutations

Question 1

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Nitrogenous bases

Answer 1

f

Question 2

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Electroporation

Answer 2

g

Question 3

Which term describes a mutant microbe which has nutritional requirements not possessed by its parent cell?​

A)​Auxotroph
B)​Codon
C)​Dimer
D)​Frameshift

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which category of mutagen includes the diagnostic procedure called fluoroscopy? ​

A)​Biological
B)​Chemical
C)​Ionizing radiation
D)​Ultraviolet light

Question 5

A _________________ is an organisms complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.​

Question 6

​Genetic engineering is also known as ___________________ technology.

Question 7

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Lysogeny

Question 8

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Bacteriophage

Question 9

Bacterial conjugation is completed by specialized conjugative ________________.​

Question 10

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Competence

Question 11

Base substitution is the most common form of genetic __________________.​

Question 12

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Mutagen

Question 13

Which study for detection of mutations involves a velveteen cloth as a stamp press?​

A)​Direct selection
B)​Counterselection
C)​Replica plating
D)Site-directed mutagenesis

Question 14

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Plume

Question 15

The relationship between temperate bacteriophages and a host bacterium in which the cell is not immediately harmed is called _____________________.​

Question 16

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Double helix

Question 17

Which of the following methods of bacterial genetic exchange involves virulent phages?​

A)​Conjugation
B)​Transduction
C)​Recombination
D)​Transformation

Question 18

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Genetic engineering

Question 19

Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.​
a.Virus that infects prokaryotic cells and injects genetic material to create a mutation.
b.Two coiled strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds, as in human DNA.
c.Technology of producing changes in microbes by means of artificial transformation.
d.An agent that induces a genetic change in individual prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
e.The result of changes in a cell membrane which creates permeability and passage of free DNA fragments into a host cell.
f.Chemicals that attach to a phosphate and sugar backbone called a deoxynucleotide and in humans include: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
g.Method of transferring DNA to other cells by creating pores in cell membranes by electrical current.
h.State of existence between a bacteriophage and bacterium where viral DNA is replicated.
i.Smoke produced by lasers and electrosurgical devices during surgical procedures.
j.Small circular DNA molecules designated as F or R that are non-selective and transfer to other unrelated bacterial cells.
​Promiscuous plasmids

Question 20

Which category of mutagen includes aerosolized particles in laser smoke plume?​

A)​Biological
B)​Chemical
C)​Ionizing radiation
D)​Ultraviolet light

Question 21

Direct selection is a method of detecting mutagens and related to recombinant DNA technology.​

Question 22

Microscopic pieces of gold or tungsten are coated with DNA and shot into plant cells during one form of recombinant technology.​

Question 23

There is positive and irrefutable proof that Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) causes genetic mutations in unborn fetuses of pregnant OR personnel.​

Question 24

In a base substitution mutation, a G-C nucleotide is replaced by a T-C pairing.​

Question 25

In genetic transfer, only a portion of DNA is transferred from donor cell to recipient cell.​

Question 26

Auxotrophs are genetic mutations of prokaryotic cells and not found in eukaryotes.​

Question 27

The nitrogenous bases for human DNA follow the rule: A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G.​

Question 28

Most frameshift mutagens such as ethylene oxide are potent carcinogens.​

Question 29

Humans have 44 chromosomes arranged in 22 pairs expressed in a double helix shape.​

Question 30

The Ames test is used to determine if a substance is most likely carcinogenic.​