Deck 36: Quality and Safety

Question 1

What is a statistical method that measures standard deviations or known variance and the degree to which almost perfect production can occur?

A) Six Sigma
B) Systemic variability
C) Analysis of variance
D) Power

Answer 1

A
Six Sigma was developed by Motorola as a quality improvement (QI) strategy. The term itself is derived for the Greek letter sigma, which statisticians use to measure standard deviations or known variance and the degree to which almost perfect production can occur. Six Sigma is based on a scientific method that involves improving, designing, and monitoring processes to minimize or eliminate waste while optimizing satisfaction and increasing financial stability.

Question 2

Which of the following targets customer needs and aims to improve processes by removing activities that are considered no-value-added?

A) Six Sigma
B) Quality measure reporting
C) Root cause analysis
D) Lean

Answer 2

D
The Lean methodology, derived for the Toyota production system, targets customer needs and aims to improve processes by removing activities that are considered no-value-added.

Question 3

Which of the following processes enables organizations to continuously measure services, practices, costs, and products using best practices to improve care?

A) Self-reporting
B) Benchmarking
C) Quality measure reporting
D) Quarterly budget

Answer 3

B
Measures of quality and safety can track progress of improvement initiatives using reporting benchmarks. Benchmarking in health care is defined as the continual and collaborative discipline of measuring and comparing the results of key work processes with those who have what is considered best practices. This process enables organizations to continuously measure services, practices, costs, and products using best practices to improve care.

Question 4

Lack of skills and/or failure to follow or deviation from standard practices/procedures is known as:

A) sentinel event.
B) Six Sigma.
C) negligence.
D) health failure mode.

Question 5

Prevention of safety events is critical in pediatric patients because, when a safety event occurs:

A) hospital stay is 10 times longer.
B) hospital mortality may be as high as 18 times greater.
C) hospital charges are 50 times higher.
D) hospitals do not get reimbursed.

Question 6

Which of the following types of infections are considered HAIs?
I) Catheter-associated blood stream infections
II) Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
III) Ventilator-associated pneumonias
IV) Surgical site infections

A) II and III only
B) I, II, and IV only
C) I, III, and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 7

A therapist is assisting the pulmonologist during a bronchoscopy. While the child's oxygen saturation was reading above 90%, the patient had been apneic for approximately 1 minute and suffered a mild anoxic injury. What is the name of an event like this?

A) Near miss
B) Precursor safety event
C) Serious safety event
D) Sentinel event

Question 8

What is the most common serious error observed in the NICU?

A) Medication related
B) Patient misidentification
C) Error in the diagnosis
D) Delayed diagnosis

Question 9

What is the most common complication of hospital care that the therapist should be aware of?

A) Errors in administration of medications
B) Accidental extubations
C) Pneumonia
D) Health care-associated infections

Question 10

What has been described by the IOM as a necessary component of change needed to occur to improve patient safety?

A) Increase the number of physicians.
B) Increase the number of nurses and allied health professionals.
C) Develop teams of caregivers for multidisciplinary communication.
D) Involve the family in the health care team.

Question 11

The wrong dose of albuterol is administered to the patient, but the patient does not have any adverse response. What is the name of this event?

A) Near miss
B) Precursor safety event
C) Serious safety event
D) Sentinel event

Question 12

Which of the following postsurgical respiratory issues are associated with reintubation or prolonged mechanical ventilation?
I) Lack of use of incentive spirometry
II) Oversedation
III) Exacerbation of underlying cardiovascular condition
IV) Exacerbation of underlying respiratory condition

A) II and III only
B) II and IV only
C) I, II, and IV only
D) II, III, and IV only