Question 1

Using molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, a hospitalist identifies the presence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in a child who has bronchiolitis. Why is hMPV considered an emerging disease?

A) It has become more virulent.
B) It has lately been reactivated.
C) It is becoming pandemic.
D) It is only recently recognized.

D

Accepted Answer

hMPV is considered an emerging disease because it was only recently discovered and recognized as a significant cause of acute respiratory tract infections, especially in young children, with an increasing incidence globally.

Question 2

What are risk factors for the increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Antibiotic use in animal feeds&#10;B) Counterfeit drug sales&#10;C) Decreased antibiotic use&#10;D) Exotic pet ownership&#10;E) Reforestation of farmlands

Accepted Answer

A) Antibiotic use in animal feeds contributes to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can transfer to humans and lead to emerging infectious diseases. B) Counterfeit drug sales can lead to the spread of ineffective treatments, allowing diseases to spread more easily. D) Exotic pet ownership can introduce new pathogens to human populations from animals that are not typically in close contact with humans. E) Reforestation of farmlands can change the habitats of vectors or hosts, potentially increasing the contact between humans and disease vectors.

Question 3

A patient plans to travel to western Africa and is concerned about contracting Ebola. What will the provider suggest to this patient?&#10;A) Avoid contact with infectious body fluids&#10;B) Obtain the vaccine prior to travel&#10;C) Wear a mask when venturing outdoors&#10;D) Wear clothing that covers the skin

Accepted Answer

The best way to prevent contracting Ebola is to avoid contact with infectious body fluids such as blood, vomit, sweat, and saliva from infected individuals or contaminated objects. Vaccines for Ebola are not widely available and are currently only recommended for healthcare workers and individuals at high risk of exposure. While wearing protective clothing that covers the skin and wearing a mask can provide some protection, the most effective way to prevent transmission is to avoid contact with infectious body fluids.

Deck 208: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases