Deck 20: Drugs for the Pediatric Patient

Question 1

Which of the following is the most successful strategy for the administration of oral and liquid medications to a pediatric patient?

A) Have the medical assistant administer the medication.
B) Allow the doctor to administer the medication.
C) Observe the parent administer the medication.
D) Require that the nurse administer the medication.

Answer 1

Observe the parent administer the medication.

Question 2

Which of the following terms describes a period of accelerated growth rate and sexual development generally occurring around age 12 in girls and age 14 in boys?

A) Childhood
B) Puberty
C) Postinfancy
D) Toddler

Answer 2

Puberty

Question 3

When administering solid medications, which of the following is a concern if the child is fussy or crying?

A) Vomiting
B) Choking
C) Adverse reaction
D) Resistance

Answer 3

Choking

Question 4

Infants and small children do not have fully developed bodies and are not able to metabolize and excrete drugs like an adult would. As a result, infants and children require _____________ doses of medication.

A) larger
B) smaller
C) more frequent
D) less frequent

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the physiological alterations in the pediatric patient is NOT true?

A) Infants have immature enzyme systems in the liver.
B) Infants have lower plasma concentrations of protein for binding with drugs.
C) Infants have kidneys that function immaturely.
D) Infants have a metabolic capacity similar to adults.

Question 6

Which of the following drugs should be avoided in most children and teenagers because of Reye's syndrome, which is a potentially life-threatening disorder?

A) Aspirin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Acetaminophen
D) Diphenhydramine

Question 7

Which of the following is a very accurate method of administering a drug with a dose of less than 1 mL?

A) Teaspoon
B) 1 mL syringe
C) Dropper
D) Medicine cup

Question 8

Which of the following terms describes the period of life extending from infancy to puberty?

A) Childhood
B) Toddler
C) Infancy
D) Preschooler

Question 9

Which of the following methods should be used to administer medications that are irritating when tracked into the subcutaneous tissue?

A) Oral
B) Inhalation
C) Z-track
D) Topical

Question 10

Which of the following is the branch of medicine pertaining to diseases and disorders of infants and children?

A) Obstetrics
B) Geriatrics
C) Pediatrics
D) Reproductive medicine

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes the period extending from birth to the end of the first year of life?

A) Childhood
B) Toddler
C) Infancy
D) Preschooler

Question 12

Which of the following may be administered in the home for a child who is vomiting or running a fever?

A) Suppository
B) Troche
C) Liniment
D) Thin strip

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a medication that children beyond infancy will need a larger dose of, although still not equivalent to an adult dose?

A) Antibiotics
B) Pain control
C) Antiemetics
D) Immunizations

Question 14

Which of the following allows fluid to remain in a syringe and needle after the plunger is completely pushed forward?

A) Hub space
B) Dead space
C) Plunger space
D) Barrel space

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct position to place a child in when administering an oral medication?

A) Upright
B) Supine
C) Prone
D) Sims

Question 16

Which of the following is the preferred route of medication administration in pediatric patients?

A) Oral
B) Nasal
C) Rectal
D) Parenteral

Question 17

Which of the following is the injection method is most commonly used in the administration of immunizations?

A) Oral
B) Subcutaneous
C) Intravenous
D) Otic

Question 18

Which of the following terms describes a physician trained in caring for infants and children?

A) Obstetrician
B) Geriatrician
C) Pediatrician
D) Gynecologist

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a common site for subcutaneous medication administration?

A) Upper arm
B) Abdomen
C) Anterior thigh
D) Deltoid

Question 20

Which of the following is the standard conversion of teaspoons to milliliters?

A) 1 tsp = 5 mL
B) ½ tsp = 5 mL
C) ½ mL = 1 tsp
D) 5 tsp = 1 mL

Question 21

Infants have immature enzyme systems in the liver, lower plasma concentrations of protein for binding with drugs, and ____________ that function immaturely. All of these factors make them more vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs.

Question 22

Children beyond infancy may metabolize drugs ___________ and need larger doses.

Question 23

The processes of ________________, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion may significantly alter the effects of drugs on a pediatric patient.

Question 24

____________ is the period extending from birth to the end of the first year of life.

Question 25

When administering nose drops, the child should be instructed to remain in the instillation position for:

A) 30 seconds.
B) 1 minute.
C) 2 minutes.
D) 5 minutes.

Question 26

The processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion may significantly alter the _____________ of the drug on a pediatric patient.

Question 27

Infants and small children cannot tell you that they are experiencing symptoms that may be a(n) ________ of a drug; for example, a preverbal child cannot verbalize dizziness or ringing in the ears.

Question 28

The branch of medicine pertaining to the diseases and disorders of infants and children is _________________.

Question 29

Which of the following is the preferred route of medication administration in a child who has poor absorption, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, or peripheral vascular collapse?

A) SC
B) IM
C) PO
D) IV

Question 30

The period of life extending from infancy to puberty is called __________________.

Question 31

Infants and children do not have fully developed bodies and are not able to _______________ and ___________ drugs like an adult would.

Question 32

Infants have immature enzyme systems in the liver, lower plasma concentrations of protein for binding with drugs, and kidneys that function immaturely. All of these factors make them more vulnerable to the _____________ effects of drugs.

Question 33

How should a child under the age of three have his or her ear positioned for the administration of ear drops?

A) Pulled upward and back
B) Pulled downward and back
C) Pushed back against the head
D) Pulled straight out from the head

Question 34

Puberty occurs around age _______ in boys.

Question 35

Puberty occurs around age ________ in girls.

Question 36

When administering a(an) ________________ to an infant older than four months of age, the needle gauge would be 25G, the needle length, 1 inch, and the location, the vastus lateralis muscle.

Question 37

Infants and children require __________ doses of medication than adults.

Question 38

When administering immunizations to a preschooler or school-aged child, the ___________ muscle is the preferred site to use.

Question 39

Which of the following is the maximum amount of parenteral medication given to a pediatric patient?

A) 0.5 mL
B) 1 mL
C) 2 ml
D) 3 mL

Question 40

_______________ is the period of accelerated growth rate and sexual development.

Question 41

When an oral medication is given nasogastrically, this means that the medication is administered through a(n) ___________ that runs from the patient's nose to the stomach.

Question 42

Drugs doses should be double-checked because the _________________ may make the difference between life and death. There is a significant difference in administering a microgram and a milligram. A milligram is a thousand times larger than a microgram.

Question 43

Perhaps the most successful strategy would be for the ___________ to administer oral and liquid drug forms. The child who has medication administered this way may feel safer and be less likely to fuss.

Question 44

With the pediatric patient population, perhaps more than any other, administrating an accurate _________ of a drug cannot be emphasized enough.

Question 45

Because all parents have administered a drug to their children, they may provide helpful information and offer _________ that may assist you in the successful administration of the drug.

Question 46

A child should never be asked his or her identity. Infants are not able to state their identity. Toddlers and preschoolers may answer to _________ name.

Question 47

A very accurate method of administering a drug with a dose of less than 1 mL is a(n) _____________ syringe.

Question 48

A child should never be asked his or her identity. School-age children may _____ their identity to avoid administration of the medication.

Question 49

Because both healthy and ill infants and children are particularly sensitive to the effects of drugs, you must know the __________________ for drug dosing.

Question 50

It is essential that the nurse realize that children are ____________ sources of information.

Question 51

As a result of an unpredictable response to a drug, ____________ the drug with another person is advised.

Question 52

Because of an altered ability in a pediatric patient to excrete drugs, toxic drug _______________ may occur.

Question 53

Because many oral drugs are ordered in teaspoons, and teaspoons are inaccurate devices, the measurements should be converted to ____________.

Question 54

Acetaminophen and antiemetics may be administered rectally via a(n) ______________ for a child who is vomiting or running a fever.

Question 55

A potential problem for children who are ill is _______________. In an ill child, water requirements and losses are both increased with the fluid intake decreased.

Question 56

Whenever possible, the _______ route of medication administration is preferred in pediatric patients.

Question 57

Checking the dose of a medication is a shared responsibility between the physician _____________ the drug and the person _______________ the drug.

Question 58

Because you are ____________ responsible for the safe administration of a drug, you may need to refuse to administer the drug if you are uncomfortable with a dose outside the safe range.

Question 59

The standard conversion from teaspoon to milliliter is ______ tsp (teaspoon) equals _______ mL (milliliters).

Question 60

Dissolved or suspended medications are preferred to solid medications because of a decreased risk of aspiration or ____________.

Question 61

When administering ear drops in children over the age of three years, the external auditory canal should be straightened by pulling the pinna _____________ and straight back.

Question 62

Drops and teaspoons may be the prescribed dose for some medications, leaving room for error. As long as the drug is administered by the dropper supplied with the drug, it is considered _______________.

Question 63

Tylenol and Triaminic have developed forms of medication that will _______ on the child's tongue.

Question 64

Parents may provide helpful information and offer techniques that may assist you in successful administration of a drug. A parent may also inform you of the child's known ____________.

Question 65

Digoxin, heparin, insulin, opioids, and sedatives are examples of drugs that must be __________________ before being administered.

Question 66

When administering ear drops in children under three years of age, the external auditory canal should be straightened by pulling the pinna _____________ and straight back.

Question 67

To avoid ____________________ and administration of other medications, always wash and completely dry the pill crusher.

Question 68

Low-dose syringes with specially designed needles decrease the chance of administering inaccurate doses because of a(n) _____________, which allows fluid to remain in the syringe and needle after the plunger is completely pushed forward.

Question 69

When administering pediatric intramuscular injections, very small volumes of less than 1 mL should be administered in a(n) ________ syringe to ensure accuracy.

Question 70

Because the response to an injection is unpredictable, it is recommended that someone assist you to _________ the child.

Question 71

The maximum amount of drug that can be given to infants and children using the parenteral route is _______ mL.

Question 72

Avoid putting a liquid drug in a medicine cup because some of the drug would adhere to the sides of the cup and result in a(n) ________________ dose.

Question 73

Never place a child on his or her back or side for oral medication administration because this could result in ________________.

Question 74

Medications such as iron, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoid are specifically irritating and may result in irritation when tracked into the subcutaneous tissue; they should be administered by ______________.

Question 75

When using a tuberculin syringe to measure and administer a liquid medication, place the syringe in the child's ____________ to ensure the child receives the complete dose.

Question 76

The only reliable method of drug administration is to check the child's hospital _____________________ with the medication label.

Question 77

It is recommended to administer an eye ointment before a nap because the child's vision will most likely be ______________.

Question 78

If a drug comes only in tablet or capsule form, it should be ____________ and mixed with 1 teaspoon of a sweetened substance.

Question 79

If one-half of a suppository is ordered, it is recommended to cut it ________________ and not in half.

Question 80

An alternative technique to administering an oral medication in a liquid preparation is to ask the physician or pharmacist for another __________ of the drug, such as a chewable troche or lozenge.