Deck 6: Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs

Question 1

Vitamin C increases the renal excretion of uric acid and may cause formation of __________________ in susceptible people taking megadoses.

A) hydronephrosis
B) kidney stones
C) gout
D) renal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

kidney stones

Question 2

Which are found in sunlight, yellow fruits and vegetables, and green leafy vegetables?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Water-soluble vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Fibers

Answer 2

Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 3

Which herb can cause serious life-threatening interactions when taken with oral contraceptives, digoxin, and warfarin?

A) Echinacea
B) St. John's wort
C) Bilberry
D) Ginseng

Answer 3

St. John's wort

Question 4

A deficiency of which vitamin will cause scurvy?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 5

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause night blindness?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 6

Which drug may be prescribed to treat hypocalcemia?

A) Tums
B) K-Dur
C) Feosol
D) Imferon

Question 7

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause rickets?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 8

Which act as catalysts in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Water-soluble vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Fibers

Question 9

Members of the healthcare team should advise patients to exercise caution if using herbs because their use is not approved by the:

A) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
B) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 10

Which term is used to describe vitamins when they are taken in large doses?

A) Supplements
B) Toxins
C) Drugs
D) Nutrients

Question 11

Which is NOT a condition in which supplementation of the diet with vitamins and minerals may be necessary?

A) A daily diet consisting of less than 1200 calories
B) Increased physical activity
C) Pregnancy
D) Adolescence

Question 12

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed MyPlate to assist in food buying and preparation. It is based on a diet of _____________ calories per day.

A) 1000
B) 1500
C) 2000
D) 2500

Question 13

Which of the following ranges is defined as a megadose of supplementation?

A) 2-3 times the RDA
B) 4-5 times the RDA
C) 7-9 times the RDA
D) 10-20 times the RDA

Question 14

Which term means a state of fluid balance within the body?

A) Homeostasis
B) Metastasis
C) Metabolism
D) Homogeneous

Question 15

Which drug may be prescribed to treat hypokalemia?

A) Tums
B) K-Dur
C) Feosol
D) Imferon

Question 16

Which are organic substances that are necessary for metabolism and normal growth and development?

A) Minerals
B) Vitamins
C) Electrolytes
D) Calories

Question 17

Which drug may be prescribed to treat iron-deficiency anemia?

A) Tums
B) K-Dur
C) Feosol
D) Os-Cal

Question 18

Which is necessary for the body to maintain homeostasis?

A) The RDA of vitamins must be met daily.
B) There must be an equal number of cations and anions in all of the body's fluids.
C) The RDA of macrominerals must equal the RDA of microminerals.
D) Water must make up 45 to 75 percent of total body weight.

Question 19

A deficiency of which vitamin can cause tingling in the extremities?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 20

The formation of teeth and bones are one of the functions of:

A) fat-soluble vitamins.
B) water-soluble vitamins.
C) macrominerals.
D) microminerals.

Question 21

A condition that results from a deficiency or lack of absorption of vitamins in the diet is termed ____________________.

Question 22

Microminerals are also called _________________ elements.

Question 23

An excess of which vitamin may cause kidney stones?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 24

Compounds that contain carbon, such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, are examples of ________________ compounds.

Question 25

The thyroid gland needs which of the following to function properly?

A) Iodine
B) Vitamin D
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin C

Question 26

A negatively charged ion is called a(n) _____________.

Question 27

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are __________-soluble vitamins.

Question 28

For a 2000-calorie diet, a person should eat which of the following amounts of grains?

A) 2 ounces
B) 4 ounces
C) 6 ounces
D) 8 ounces

Question 29

An older female adult should be counseled to make sure she is getting an adequate supply of which of the following?

A) Calcium and vitamin D
B) Vitamin K and iron
C) Vitamin D and phosphorus
D) Vitamin B and magnesium

Question 30

An ion is a particle that carries an electrical _________________.

Question 31

Fresh fruits such as bananas, oranges, and raisins are a good source of which of the following?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium

Question 32

Materials that do not contain carbon, such as minerals and water, are termed ____________________.

Question 33

An electrolyte is a solution that carries a(n) ______________________.

Question 34

The state of fluid balance within the body is _______________________.

Question 35

Which is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin B

Question 36

Minerals that are needed with a daily requirement of 100 mg or more are called _________________________.

Question 37

Inorganic elements essential to the body are called _____________________.

Question 38

A positively charged ion is referred to as a(n) ______________.

Question 39

Avitaminosis is also called _________________________.

Question 40

A condition that results from taking large doses of vitamins over a period of time is _____________________.

Question 41

Because vitamins A, D, E, and K are not soluble in water, they are not easily eliminated from the body and a deficiency would take many _______________ to develop.

Question 42

Vitamin and mineral supplementation is usually not needed if an individual consumes a well-balanced ______________.

Question 43

A tool developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to assist individuals in food buying and preparation is called ____________________.

Question 44

MyPlate is based on a diet of _______________ calories per day.

Question 45

A megadose refers to the administration of high doses of a vitamin, usually ____________________ times the RDA.

Question 46

The vitamin that maintains healthy bones and teeth is __________.

Question 47

Green leafy vegetables are sources of vitamin ____________.

Question 48

The water-soluble vitamins, B complex and C, are eliminated from the body in sweat and _________________.

Question 49

Individuals who are addicted to alcohol or drugs, are poor or homeless, or who have poor dietary patterns are more likely to develop vitamin _______________________.

Question 50

Kidney stones may be formed in susceptible people who take megadoses of vitamin ___________.

Question 51

If an individual follows the guidelines set by the USDA in MyPlate, the __________________________________ requirements for vitamins and minerals will be met.

Question 52

In the United States, avitaminosis most likely results from alcoholism or fad ________________.

Question 53

The vitamin that helps form and maintain skin and mucous membranes, and aids in bone growth and the development of teeth, vision, and immune functions is _____________.

Question 54

Taken in large doses, vitamins are classified as __________________ rather than nutrients.

Question 55

An at-a-glance method of determining how food fits into the diet can be obtained by reading food ______________.

Question 56

To prevent _____________ caused by taking unnecessary megadoses, it is essential to teach patients that the RDA includes not only the amount of food a person eats, but also the amount present in supplementation.

Question 57

The daily level of intake for essential nutrients that is considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals is the ________________________.

Question 58

Vitamin B complex and vitamin C are ____________-soluble vitamins.

Question 59

The vitamin that helps form prothrombin (for blood clotting) is ___________.

Question 60

Supplementation may be necessary for an individual whose daily diet consists of less than ______________ calories.

Question 61

Citrus fruits, strawberries, melons, and dark green vegetables are all sources of vitamin _______________.

Question 62

Between 45 and 75 percent of total body weight is made up of _______________.

Question 63

Osteoporosis in adults may occur due to of a deficiency of the macromineral _______________.

Question 64

Sunlight is a source of vitamin __________.

Question 65

Patients should be educated to consult their ______________ before starting vitamin or mineral supplementation

Question 66

The regulation of herbs is not a function of the _________________________________.

Question 67

The healthcare worker must obtain a complete list of herbs that a patient is using to identify potential ____________________ with prescription medications.

Question 68

The best way to avoid vitamin or mineral deficiency is through a well-balanced __________________.

Question 69

Macrominerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium are _________________, meaning that they carry an electrical charge.

Question 70

Patients taking prescription drugs such as anticoagulants, hypoglycemics, and antidepressants are especially at risk for __________________ interactions.

Question 71

The mineral ________________ is important in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland.

Question 72

The basic food requirements recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) are outlined in ___________________.

Question 73

Heart rate is partially regulated by the mineral ____________________.

Question 74

A condition resulting from a deficiency of the micromineral ___________ is anemia.

Question 75

Iron, manganese, copper, iodine, and zinc are examples of __________________ because they have an RDA of less than 100 mg.

Question 76

The body's fluid balance is regulated by the mineral ______________, which is found in most foods.

Question 77

Adults who have a deficiency of vitamin D may present with bone softening and bone fragility, a condition known as _____________________.

Question 78

Megadoses of vitamins can be __________________.

Question 79

Children who have a deficiency of vitamin D may present with bowed legs and protruding abdomens, a condition known as ______________.

Question 80

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur are examples of _______________________ because they have an RDA of 100 mg or more.