Deck 12: Blood Collection in Special Populations

Question 1

What is the term for a buildup of bilirubin in the blood and skin?

A) Anemia
B) Edema
C) Hematoma
D) Jaundice

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Adhesive bandages are not used on children younger than what age due to the danger of choking?

A) 2 months
B) 6 months
C) 2 years
D) 6 years

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What effect does hemolysis of the specimen have on bilirubin tests?

A) It increases the bilirubin level.
B) It decreases the bilirubin level.
C) It interferes with the testing so that no value can be obtained.
D) It has no effect.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the primary reason that blood collection for a child should be kept as calm and comfortable as possible?

A) So the child does not become afraid of medical personnel
B) The parents might not let you collect the sample if the child is upset.
C) To reduce your work stress
D) Prolonged crying can affect white blood cell counts and pH levels.

Question 5

How are neonatal screening samples usually collected?

A) By dermal puncture absorbed onto filter paper
B) By dermal puncture into a microtainer
C) By routine venipuncture into a vacuum tube
D) By venipuncture with butterfly needle and syringe

Question 6

Which of the following choices is inappropriate when collecting blood from a child?

A) Explain what you are doing in age-appropriate terms.
B) Give the child some choices such as which finger or which bandage to use.
C) Tell the child the procedure will not hurt.
D) Distract the child just before the stick.

Question 7

In the elderly, what body change may have the most impact on the safety and effectiveness of venipunctures?

A) Arthritis
B) Diabetes
C) Stroke
D) Less collagen in the skin

Question 8

What is the maximum amount of a child's blood volume that may be removed over a 1-month period?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 9

Why must neonatal PKU testing be performed by heel stick rather than venipuncture?

A) Phenylalanine levels are different between veins and capillaries.
B) Dermal puncture is easier.
C) Plastic in the collection tubes interferes with testing.
D) Metal in the needle interferes with testing.

Question 10

If a venipuncture is required on a child younger than 2, what is the preferred site for a phlebotomist using a butterfly needle to collect the sample?

A) Dorsal hand vein
B) Median cubital vein
C) Cephalic vein
D) Scalp vein

Question 11

What is the approximate blood volume of an average 150-pound adult?

A) 1 liter
B) 3 liters
C) 5 liters
D) 10 liters

Question 12

Infants should not have greater than what percentage of their blood volume removed in a 24-hour period?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 15%

Question 13

What organ processes bilirubin to keep its level from becoming too high in the blood?

A) Heart
B) Kidney
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 14

Removal of greater than what percentage of a child's blood volume can cause cardiac arrest?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 15

How is identification of a newborn established before collecting a specimen?

A) By checking the name on the bassinet
B) By confirming the name with the mother
C) By checking the infant's ID band
D) By verifying the name with the nurse on duty

Question 16

What special precaution must be taken with neonatal bilirubin samples?

A) The infant should be fasting.
B) The infant should not be crying.
C) The specimen should be protected from light.
D) Betadine (povidone-iodine) should be used instead of alcohol.

Question 17

Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of which of the following?

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Epithelial cells

Question 18

A full-term newborn has a blood volume of 80 mL per kilogram of body weight. The infant weighs 3.2 kg. Your institution's policy is that a maximum of 3% of a patient's blood volume may be withdrawn without specific physician orders. How much blood can safely be withdrawn from the infant?

A) 2.25 mL
B) 4.76 mL
C) 7.68 mL
D) 10.41 mL

Question 19

U.S. law requires states to test for a minimum of two inherited conditions. What are the two conditions?

A) Hypothyroidism and PKU
B) PKU and diabetes
C) Hypothyroidism and diabetes
D) PKU and multiple sclerosis

Question 20

What is the most commonly used anesthetic cream for venipuncture in pediatric patients?

A) APTT
B) EDTA
C) EMLA
D) PSA

Question 21

How should the tourniquet be applied to a geriatric patient?

A) Tighter than usual
B) Looser than usual
C) The same as usual
D) No tourniquet should be used on the elderly.

Question 22

Only specially trained individuals are permitted to collect from which of the following?

A) Geriatric patients
B) Mentally ill patients
C) Teenagers
D) Vascular access devices

Question 23

If a patient appears jaundiced, which test may be requested to confirm the condition?

A) Bilirubin
B) CBC
C) Glucose
D) PTT

Question 24

Which of the following is the most common type of vascular access device?

A) Arterial line
B) Central venous line
C) Implanted port
D) PICC

Question 25

What does the term jaundice mean?

A) Bruising
B) Infection
C) Swelling
D) Yellow color

Question 26

How long should the heel of a neonate be warmed prior to a heel stick?

A) 30 to 45 seconds
B) 1 to 2 minutes
C) 3 to 5 minutes
D) 8 to10 minutes

Question 27

How long should pressure be applied to the venipuncture site of a geriatric patient?

A) Less time than usual
B) More time than usual
C) The same amount of time as usual
D) No pressure should be applied

Question 28

Which of the following is used for dialysis patients to connect to the dialysis machine?

A) Arteriovenous (AV) shunt
B) Central venous line
C) Heparin lock
D) PICC

Question 29

If a patient has an IV drip in one arm, what is the preferred site for venipuncture?

A) The opposite arm
B) Above the IV site
C) Below the IV site
D) Arterial collection