Deck 2: Atoms

Question 1

Which of the following statements describes a mixture?

A) The component elements of a mixture can be present in any mass ratio.
B) Chemical techniques are required to separate the components of a mixture.
C) The component elements of a mixture can be present in any mass ratio and chemical techniques are required to separate the components of a mixture.
D) The component elements of a mixture cannot be present in any mass ratio and chemical techniques are not required to separate the components of a mixture.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following Greek philosophers is most closely associated with the concept of an atom?

A) Aristotle
B) Democritus
C) Plato
D) Zeno

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following elements is named after a country?

A) Fr
B) Ge
C) Po
D) all of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sodium is a highly reactive metal and chlorine is a toxic gas. When they are mixed, they form sodium chloride, which is essential for life. Which of the following statements is true when sodium and chlorine are brought into contact with one another?

A) They form a heterogeneous mixture.
B) They form a homogenous mixture.
C) They form a compound.
D) They may form a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture depending on the conditions that prevail during the interaction.

Question 5

When a strong magnet is brought near a sample that contains both iron and sulfur, the iron and the sulfur are not separated from one another. Which type of matter is this sample?

A) It is a compound.
B) It is a homogeneous mixture.
C) It is a heterogeneous mixture.
D) The information given is not enough to answer this question.

Question 6

When a strong magnet is brought near a sample that contains both iron and sulfur, the iron and the sulfur are separated from one another. Which type of matter is this sample?

A) It is a compound.
B) It is a homogeneous mixture.
C) It is a heterogeneous mixture.
D) The information given is not enough to answer this question.

Question 7

Zinc can be mixed in differing amounts with copper to form an alloy called brass. Which of the following is brass an example of?

A) a compound
B) an element
C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture

Question 8

Which Greek philosopher thought that matter was infinitely divisible?

A) Aristotle
B) Democritus
C) Plato
D) Zeno

Question 9

Which of the following elements is named after a person?

A) Er
B) Fr
C) Os
D) Sg

Question 10

The symbols for the elements in the periodic table are derived from three languages. Which of the following is not one of those languages?

A) English
B) French
C) German
D) Latin

Question 11

When a sample of a particular solid is examined under a microscope, clearly distinguishable black and yellow regions are observed. Which type of matter is this sample?

A) a compound
B) an element
C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture

Question 12

Which language is the word "atom" derived from?

A) Arabic
B) Greek
C) Hebrew
D) Latin

Question 13

Which of the following elements is named after a planet?

A) As
B) Er
C) U
D) V

Question 14

Sodium chlorate, an ingredient in many common herbicides, has sodium, chlorine, and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium chlorate?

A) NaCO₃
B) SoClO₃
C) NaClO₃
D) SoCO₃

Question 15

Which of the following is not a proper symbol for an element?

A) C
B) Ca
C) CO
D) Co

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes a compound?

A) A compound is a pure substance.
B) A compound obeys the law of constant composition.
C) A compound is both a pure substance and obeys the law of constant composition.
D) A compound is neither a pure substance nor obeys the law of constant composition.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is named after a continent?

A) As
B) Au
C) Eu
D) all of these

Question 18

Which of the following elements is named after a city?

A) B
B) Be
C) Bi
D) Bk

Question 19

Aluminum and fluorine form a compound in which aluminum and fluorine atoms are present in the ratio 1:3. What is the correct formula for this compound?

A) AF₃
B) AlFl₃
C) AlF₃
D) Al(F₂)₃

Question 20

Which of the following best compares Democritus's view of matter and our current view?

A) Both views are based on belief only.
B) Both views are based on firm experimental evidence.
C) The ancient view is based on thought only, but the current view is based on experimental evidence.
D) Both views are based on a combination of thought and experimental evidence.

Question 21

Which of the following statements correctly describes an electron?

A) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is massive and has a +1 charge.
B) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is massive and has a -1 charge.
C) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is light and has a +1 charge.
D) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is light and has a -1 charge.

Question 22

Which of the following defines the mass number of an atom?

A) the number of protons in the atom
B) the number of neutrons in the atom
C) the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
D) the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom

Question 23

What is the approximate mass of a proton?

A) 12 g
B) 1 g
C) 12 amu
D) 1 amu

Question 24

Which of the following laws enables us to characterize a compound by a specific chemical formula?

A) the law of conservation of energy
B) the law of conservation of mass
C) the law of constant composition
D) all of these

Question 25

Which element accounts for nearly half the mass of the Earth's crust?

A) carbon
B) iron
C) oxygen
D) silicon

Question 26

Which of the following elements occurs naturally in the monoatomic form under normal atmospheric conditions?

A) oxygen
B) fluorine
C) hydrogen
D) helium

Question 27

Which element is currently used to define the atomic mass unit?

A) hydrogen-1
B) carbon-12
C) oxygen-16
D) none of these

Question 28

Sodium bicarbonate has sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms in the ratio 1:1:1:3. What is the correct formula for sodium bicarbonate?

A) NaBiCO₃
B) NaHCO₃
C) SoHCO₃
D) SoBiCO₃

Question 29

How many elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 30

Which element is present in the largest amount (by mass) in the human body?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen

Question 31

Which of the following defines the atomic number of an atom?

A) the number of protons in the atom
B) the number of neutrons in the atom
C) the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
D) the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom

Question 32

What is the approximate mass of a neutron?

A) 12 g
B) 1 g
C) 12 amu
D) 1 amu

Question 33

Which element is present in the largest amount (by number of atoms) in the human body?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen

Question 34

Several elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules under normal atmospheric conditions. Which of the following elements does not occur naturally as a diatomic molecule?

A) chlorine
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) sulfur

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of neutrons?

A) Neutrons carry a positive charge.
B) Neutrons carry a negative charge.
C) Neutrons do not carry an electrical charge.
D) Neutrons do not have mass.

Question 36

What is the approximate mass of an electron?

A) 1 amu
B) 1 g
C) 0.0005 amu
D) 0.0005 g

Question 37

Which of the following statements, which was a part of Dalton's atomic theory, was later proved to be false?

A) All matter is made up of very tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
B) In ordinary chemical reactions, no atom of any element disappears or is changed into an atom of another element.
C) Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
D) A molecule is a tightly bound combination of two or more atoms that act as a single unit.

Question 38

Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) protons and neutrons

Question 39

Ammonium nitrate is a compound that is used in fertilizers and explosives. It has nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:4:3. What is the correct formula for ammonium nitrate?

A) N₄H₈O₆
B) N₂H₄O₃
C) NH₂O_1.5
D) N₃H₄O₂

Question 40

Which of the following statements correctly describes a proton?

A) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is massive and has a +1 charge.
B) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is massive and has a -1 charge.
C) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is light and has a +1 charge.
D) On the scale of subatomic particles, it is light and has a -1 charge.

Question 41

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

A) cycles
B) periods
C) families
D) none of these

Question 42

Which column of the periodic table contains the halogens?

A) 1A
B) 4A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the atomic weight of an element?

A) It is the weight of the heaviest isotope.
B) It is the weight of the lightest isotope.
C) It is the weight of the most abundant isotope.
D) It is a weighted average obtained from the weights and abundances of the isotopes.

Question 44

What are the elements in the "A" columns of the periodic table called?

A) main group elements
B) inner transition elements
C) transition elements
D) none of these

Question 45

What is the mass number of an atom that is made up of 27 protons, 32 neutrons, and 27 electrons?

A) 89
B) 59
C) 32
D) 27

Question 46

If you could line up the nuclei of lead-208, approximately how many nuclei are required to form a line 1 inch long? Note that a nucleus of lead-208 has a diameter of 1.6 x 10^-14 m.

A) 82
B) 208
C) 8.2 x 10⁷
D) 1.6 x 10¹²

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true of the nucleus of an atom?

A) The nucleus occupies only a tiny fraction of the total volume of the atom, and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus.
B) The nucleus occupies a large fraction of the total volume of the atom, and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the region surrounding the nucleus.
C) The nucleus occupies a large fraction of the total volume of the atom, and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus.
D) The nucleus occupies only a tiny fraction of the total volume of the atom, and most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the region surrounding the nucleus.

Question 48

Which of the following contains only transition metals?

A) Ca, Cr, Fe, and Ni
B) V, K, P, and B
C) Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu
D) none of these

Question 49

Which of the following contains two species which are a pair of isotopes?

A) ¹⁴C and ¹⁴N
B) ¹²C and ¹³C
C) both 14_C and 14_N and 12_C and 13_C
D) neither 14_C and 14_N or 12_C and 13_C

Question 50

Suppose a new element named questinium has two isotopes. These isotopes are Qu-297 (40.30%, 296.78 amu) and Qu-301 (59.70%, 300.88 amu). What is the atomic weight of questinium, reported to the correct number of significant digits?

A) 299 amu
B) 299.0 amu
C) 299.12 amu
D) 299.23 amu

Question 51

What is the mass number of an atom that is made up of 38 protons, 49 neutrons, and 38 electrons?

A) 38
B) 49
C) 87
D) 125

Question 52

Which of the following contains two species that have the same mass number?

A) ¹⁴C and ¹⁴N
B) ¹²C and ¹³C
C) 14_C and 14_N and 12_C and 13_C
D) Neither 14_C and 14_N nor 12_C and 13_C

Question 53

Which of the following columns of the periodic table contains only gaseous elements?

A) 5A
B) 6A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 54

Which column of the periodic table contains the alkali metals?

A) 1A
B) 2A
C) 7A
D) 8A

Question 55

Which of the following columns of the periodic table does not contain any metallic elements?

A) 4A
B) 5A
C) 6A
D) 7A

Question 56

If you could line up atoms of lead-208, approximately how many atoms are required to form a line 1 inch long? Note that an atom of lead-208 has a diameter of 1.6 x 10^-10 m.

A) 82
B) 208
C) 8.2 x 10⁷
D) 1.6 x 10¹²

Question 57

Which of the following statements best characterizes the isotopes of an element?

A) They have different numbers of electrons.
B) They have different numbers of neutrons.
C) They have different numbers of protons.
D) They have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 58

How many neutrons are present in a boron-10 atom?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 59

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A) families
B) periods
C) either families or periods
D) neither families nor periods

Question 60

What are the elements in the "B" columns of the periodic table called?

A) main group elements
B) inner transition elements
C) transition elements
D) none of these

Question 61

How many orbitals are there in the 4p subshell?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 62

Which of the following sets of elements is not included in the main body of the periodic table and is shown separately at the bottom?

A) halogens
B) noble gases
C) inner transition elements
D) main group elements

Question 63

Which of the following sets of numbers could be used to designate the principal energy levels (shells) in an atom?

A) -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3
B) 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
D) all of these

Question 64

Which of the following contains only metals?

A) Na, Mg, Si, and P
B) Al, Na, Li, and Be
C) He, Al, Si, and Mg
D) none of these

Question 65

Which of the following sets of alphabets is used to designate subshells?

A) t, q, e, and g
B) s, p, d, and f
C) r, o, c, and e
D) q, n, b, and d

Question 66

How many electrons can be accommodated in the fourth shell of an atom?

A) 2
B) 8
C) 18
D) 32

Question 67

Which of the following is formed when potassium reacts with water?

A) KH
B) KO
C) KOH
D) K₂O

Question 68

Which of the following contains only nonmetals?

A) C, Si, B, and Be
B) P, B, Si, and Na
C) F, Cl, He, and C
D) none of these

Question 69

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 2d subshell?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) None, there is no 2d subshell.

Question 70

Which is the only nonmetal to appear on the left side of the periodic table?

A) hydrogen
B) helium
C) carbon
D) oxygen

Question 71

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 4p subshell?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 18

Question 72

Which group of elements is characterized by the properties of ductility, malleability, and the ability to conduct heat and electricity?

A) all elements
B) metallic elements
C) metalloid elements
D) nonmetallic elements

Question 73

Why is strontium-90 an especially dangerous radioactive isotope?

A) It has an exceptionally short half-life and rapidly settles to the ground when carried by winds.
B) It has exceptionally intense radioactivity and is a cause of sudden death in cows.
C) It is deposited in bones and teeth and is not readily eliminated from the human body.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 74

How many electrons can be accommodated in the 3d subshell?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 10
D) 18

Question 75

How many orbitals are there in the 3d subshell?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8

Question 76

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) S
B) Si
C) Sn
D) Sr

Question 77

Which of the following types of orbitals can hold a maximum of 10 electrons when filled?

A) s
B) p
C) d
D) f

Question 78

Which of the following is formed when sodium reacts with water?

A) NaH
B) NaO
C) Na₂O
D) NaOH

Question 79

What is the name given to the lowest possible energy state of an electron?

A) the zeroth state
B) the bottom state
C) the ground state
D) none of these

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The boiling point of sodium is lower than that of potassium.
B) The boiling point of lithium is lower than that of sodium.
C) The boiling point of fluorine is lower than that of chlorine.
D) The boiling point of neon is lower than that of helium.