Deck 11: Intelligence

Question 1

Work is most likely to be satisfying for employees if it is associated with

A) task leadership.
B) the experience of flow.
C) 360-degree feedback.
D) unstructured interviews.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

A) homeostasis.
B) a set point.
C) a refractory period.
D) an instinct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

A) food deprivation; hunger
B) motivation; incentive
C) thirst; basal metabolic rate
D) instinct; incentive

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.

A) low; low
B) high; high
C) low; high
D) high; low

Question 5

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to

A) raise the set point.
B) maintain homeostasis.
C) lower sex hormone levels.
D) shorten the refractory period.

Question 6

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in

A) sexual orientation.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) refractory periods.
D) the sexual response cycle.

Question 7

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influence by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

A) relative deprivation.
B) drive reduction.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) settling point.

Question 8

Compared with ineffective managers, those who are effective are more likely to

A) use informal, unstructured interviews when selecting new employees.
B) exercise a directive management style for achieving organizational goals.
C) celebrate employee productivity by providing them with recognition and
Rewards.
D) do all of these things.

Question 9

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?

A) the plateau phase
B) the resolution phase
C) the excitement phase
D) orgasm

Question 10

Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees best illustrates the professional concerns of

A) personnel psychology.
B) clinical psychology.
C) organizational psychology.
D) human factors psychology.

Question 11

According to health psychologists, which of the following would be the BEST advice to offer someone who wants to lose excess weight?

A) "Avoid complex carbohydrates like potatoes and pasta."
B) "Permanent weight loss requires a lifelong change in eating and exercise
Habits."
C) "Your self-esteem will increase dramatically if you can successfully lose weight."
D) "Once you lose your excess weight, you will experience a big reduction in your

Question 12

For each performance review, Professor Donnell is evaluated by her students, colleagues, department chair, and research assistants. This best illustrates

A) homeostasis.
B) the experience of flow.
C) human factors psychology.
D) 360-degree feedback.

Question 13

Teenage girls are especially vulnerable to ________ because of their lower levels of protective antibodies.

A) few refractory periods
B) obesity
C) erotic plasticity
D) STIs

Question 14

Achievement motivation refers to

A) a goal-oriented leadership style that builds teamwork.
B) a desire for significant accomplishment.
C) a need to feel that the world is organized and predictable.
D) a focused state of consciousness accompanied by diminished self-awareness.

Question 15

A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called

A) grit.
B) 360-degree feedback.
C) transformational leadership.
D) flow.

Question 16

In one experiment, deeply-in-love university students experienced ________ when looking at their beloved's picture.

A) narcissism
B) unit bias
C) ostracism
D) pain relief

Question 17

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of

A) organizational psychology.
B) industrial-organizational psychology.
C) human factors psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation?

A) Virtually all cultures in all times have been predominantly heterosexual.
B) The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown.
C) Identical twins are somewhat more likely than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation.
D) With the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual

Question 19

Which of the following is indicative of a sexual disorder?

A) nocturnal emissions
B) premature ejaculation
C) erotic plasticity
D) refractory periods

Question 20

Our ________ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel.

A) set point
B) basal metabolic rate
C) erotic plasticity
D) self-esteem

Question 21

For as long as she has been the plant manager, Juanita has welcomed input from employees and has delegated authority. Bill, in managing his department, takes a more authoritarian, iron-fisted approach. Juanita's style is one of ________ leadership, whereas Bill's is one of ________ leadership.

A) task; social
B) social; task
C) directive; democratic
D) democratic; participative

Question 22

The fraternal birth-order effect refers to a factor associated with

A) task leadership.
B) achievement motivation.
C) eating disorders.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 23

Dr. Iverson conducts research focusing on how management styles influence worker motivation. Dr. Iverson would most accurately be described as a(n)

A) motivation psychologist.
B) personnel psychologist.
C) organizational psychologist.
D) human factors psychologist.

Question 24

Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of

A) employee weight-reduction programs.
B) management training seminars.
C) user-friendly factory machinery.
D) work-skills assessment tests.

Question 25

Jack works for a company that requires employees to periodically rate their own performance and to be rated by their managers, other colleagues, and customers. This type of assessment is called

A) 360-degree feedback.
B) multifactorial evaluation.
C) analytical performance review.
D) human resource management.

Question 26

One gene scan of 40,000 people worldwide identified a variant of a gene called FTO. This gene nearly doubles the risk of

A) neophobia.
B) a low set point.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) obesity.

Question 27

Which of the following is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus?

A) PYY
B) ghrelin
C) leptin
D) orexin

Question 28

Hunger and sexual motivation are alike in that both are influenced by

A) internal physiological factors.
B) external and imagined stimuli.
C) cultural expectations.
D) all of these factors.

Question 29

Homeostasis refers to

A) the tendency to maintain a steady internal state.
B) the tendency to seek external incentives for behavior.
C) the setting of the body's "weight thermostat."
D) a theory of the development of sexual orientation.

Question 30

Managers who build teamwork and effectively mediate employee conflicts are said to excel in

A) structured interviews.
B) social leadership.
C) achievement motivation.
D) a directive management style.

Question 31

Exposure of a fetus to the hormones typical of females between ________ and ________ months after conception may predispose the developing human to become attracted to males.

A) 1; 3
B) 2; 5
C) 4; 7
D) 6; 9

Question 32

Because Brent believes that his employees are intrinsically motivated to work for reasons beyond money, Brent would be described as a(n) ________ manager.

A) directive
B) social-oriented
C) task-oriented
D) charismatic

Question 33

According to Masters and Johnson, the sexual response of males is most likely to differ from that of females during

A) the excitement phase.
B) the plateau phase.
C) orgasm.
D) the resolution phase.

Question 34

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

A) safety; physiological; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment
B) safety; physiological; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment
C) physiological; safety; esteem; belongingness and love; self-fulfillment
D) physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment

Question 35

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of

A) homeostasis.
B) set points.
C) refractory periods.
D) incentives.

Question 36

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their ________ needs.

A) achievement
B) safety
C) sexual
D) belongingness

Question 37

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural ________ level is ________.

A) testosterone; lowered
B) testosterone; raised
C) PYY; lowered
D) PYY; raised

Question 38

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n)

A) decrease in their secretion of ghrelin.
B) elevation of their set points.
C) decrease in their metabolic rate.
D) elevation of their blood glucose levels.

Question 39

Sexual orientation refers to

A) a person's tendency to display behaviors typical of males or females.
B) a person's sense of identity as a male or female.
C) a person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of a particular gender.
D) all of these.

Question 40

Munson is conducting his annual appraisal of employees' performance. Which of the following is NOT a type of appraisal method?

A) graphic rating
B) behavior rating
C) checklist
D) unstructured interview

Question 41

Increases in insulin will

A) lower blood sugar and trigger hunger.
B) raise blood sugar and trigger hunger.
C) lower blood sugar and trigger satiety.
D) raise blood sugar and trigger satiety.

Question 42

Motivation is best understood as a state that

A) reduces a drive.
B) aims at satisfying a biological need.
C) energizes an organism to act.
D) energizes and directs behavior.

Question 43

Research on genetic influences on obesity reveals that

A) the body weights of adoptees correlate with that of their biological parents.
B) the body weights of adoptees correlate with that of their adoptive parents.
C) identical twins usually have very different body weights.
D) the body weights of identical twin women are more similar than those of

Question 44

The tendency to overeat when food is plentiful

A) is a recent phenomenon that is associated with the luxury of having ample food.
B) emerged in our prehistoric ancestors as an adaptive response to periods when
Food was scarce.
C) is greater in developed, than in developing, societies.
D) is stronger in women than in men.

Question 45

Which of the following influences on hunger motivation does NOT belong with the others?

A) set/settling point
B) attraction to sweet and salty tastes
C) reduced production of ghrelin after stomach bypass surgery
D) memory of time elapsed since your last meal

Question 46

Which of the following was NOT identified as a contributing factor in the interviewer illusion?

A) The fact that interviews reveal applicants' intentions but not necessarily their habitual behaviors.
B) The tendency of interviewers to think that interview behavior only reflects applicants' enduring traits.
C) The tendency of interviewers to more often follow the successful careers of applicants they hired rather than those who were not hired.
D) The tendency of most interviewers to rely on unstructured rather than

Question 47

Which of the following statements concerning homosexuality is true?

A) Homosexuals have abnormal hormone levels.
B) As children, most homosexuals were molested by an adult homosexual.
C) Homosexuals had a domineering opposite-sex parent.
D) Research indicates that sexual orientation may be at least partly physiological.

Question 48

One problem with the idea of motivation as drive reduction is that

A) because some motivated behaviors do not seem to be based on physiological
Needs, they cannot be explained in terms of drive reduction.
B) it fails to explain any human motivation.
C) it cannot account for homeostasis.
D) it does not explain the hunger drive.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT necessarily a reason that obese people have trouble losing weight?

A) Fat tissue has a lower metabolic rate than lean tissue.
B) Once a person has lost weight, it takes fewer calories to maintain his or her current weight.
C) The tendency toward obesity may be genetically based.
D) Obese people tend to lack willpower.

Question 50

Which of the following is inconsistent with the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

A) When body temperature drops below 98.6° Fahrenheit, blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth.
B) A person is driven to seek a drink when his or her cellular water level drops below its optimum point.
C) Monkeys will work puzzles even if not given a food reward.
D) A person becomes hungry when body weight falls below its biological set

Question 51

Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize ________ factors in motivation.

A) environmental
B) cognitive
C) psychological
D) biological

Question 52

It has been said that the body's major sex organ is the brain. With regard to sex education

A) transmission of value-free information about the wide range of sexual behaviors should be the primary focus of the educator.
B) transmission of technical knowledge about the biological act should be the classroom focus, free from the personal values and attitudes of researchers,
Teachers, and students.
C) the home, not the school, should be the focus of all instruction about reproductive behavior.
D) people's attitudes, values, and morals cannot be separated from the biological

Question 53

Some scientific evidence makes a preliminary link between homosexuality and

A) late sexual maturation.
B) the age of an individual's first erotic experience.
C) atypical prenatal hormones.
D) early problems in relationships with parents.

Question 54

Unit bias refers to the research finding that people tend to

A) eat more when a portion of food is supersized.
B) avoid unfamiliar tasting foods.
C) overeat during celebrations with other people.
D) do all of these things.

Question 55

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it

A) places too much emphasis on environmental factors.
B) focuses on cognitive aspects of motivation.
C) applies only to animal behavior.
D) does not explain human behaviors; it simply names them.

Question 56

Research on obesity indicates that

A) pound for pound, fat tissue requires more calories to maintain than lean tissue.
B) given an obese parent, boys are more likely than girls to be obese.
C) one pound of weight is lost for every 3500-calorie reduction in diet.
D) when weight drops below the set point, hunger increases.

Question 57

Castration of male rats results in

A) reduced testosterone and sexual interest.
B) reduced testosterone, but no change in sexual interest.
C) reduced estradiol and sexual interest.
D) reduced estradiol, but no change in sexual interest.

Question 58

In their study of men on a semistarvation diet, researchers found that

A) the metabolic rate of the men increased.
B) the men eventually lost interest in food.
C) the men became obsessed with food.
D) the men's behavior directly contradicted predictions made by Maslow's

Question 59

Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as

A) needs.
B) drives.
C) instincts.
D) incentives.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Murray's definition of achievement motivation?

A) the desire to master skills
B) the desire for control
C) the desire to gain approval
D) the desire to attain a high standard

Question 61

A review of sex research and education indicates that

A) sex education typically intensifies people's emotional responses to erotic materials.
B) fantasizing about sex is indicative of a sexual disorder.
C) those who believe sexual orientation is genetically predisposed express less accepting attitudes toward homosexual people.
D) the labels researchers use to describe sexual behavior are often value-laden.

Question 62

The best predictor of on-the-job performance for all but less-skilled jobs is

A) age.
B) general mental ability.
C) motivation.
D) stated intentions.

Question 63

A variant of a gene called ________ nearly doubles the risk of becoming obese.

A) PYY
B) BMI
C) FTO
D) HPV

Question 64

The correct order of the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is

A) plateau; excitement; orgasm; resolution.
B) excitement; plateau; orgasm; resolution.
C) excitement; orgasm; resolution; refractory.
D) plateau; excitement; orgasm; refractory.

Question 65

The brain area known as the arcuate nucleus is notable in the study of motivation because it

A) secretes hormones that affect appetite.
B) secretes hormones that affect the sex drive.
C) is enlarged in heterosexuals.
D) is enlarged in homosexuals.

Question 66

A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to be reported by those who frequently experience

A) flow.
B) refractory periods.
C) unstructured interviews.
D) 360-degree feedback.

Question 67

A drop in basal metabolic rate is most likely to result from

A) high testosterone levels.
B) a semistarvation diet.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) excess leptin.

Question 68

A person who spends far more time sharpening existing skills than correcting existing weaknesses

A) is most likely a satisfied and successful employee.
B) views his or her work as a job.
C) has a directive rather than a democratic leadership style.
D) is motivated more by external rewards than by internal rewards.

Question 69

A drive refers to

A) a rigidly patterned and unlearned behavior characteristic of a species.
B) anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
C) an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.
D) the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 70

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

A) Needs are learned; drives are inherited.
B) Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states.
C) Drives are generally stronger than needs.
D) Needs are generally stronger than drives.

Question 71

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to

A) erotic plasticity.
B) orgasmic disorder.
C) sexually transmitted infections.
D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

Question 72

To increase employee productivity, industrial-organizational psychologists advise managers to

A) adopt a directive leadership style.
B) adopt a democratic leadership style.
C) instill competitiveness in each employee.
D) deal with employees according to their individual motives.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT true regarding sexual orientation?

A) Sexual orientation is neither willfully chosen nor willfully changed.
B) Some homosexuals struggle with their sexual orientation.
C) Men's sexual orientation is potentially more fluid and changeable than
Women's.
D) Women, regardless of sexual orientation, respond to both female and male

Question 74

A small number of the contributors to any field typically produce a disproportionately large share of its accomplishments despite the fact that their less productive professional colleagues are fairly comparable in raw ability. This best illustrates the importance of

A) social leadership.
B) achievement motivation.
C) set points.
D) 360-degree feedback.

Question 75

The text suggests that a neophobia for unfamiliar tastes

A) is more common in children than in adults.
B) protected our ancestors from potentially toxic substances.
C) may be an early warning sign of obesity.
D) only grows stronger with repeated exposure to those tastes.

Question 76

A lack of sufficient oxygen intake is an example of a(n)

A) drive.
B) instinct.
C) need.
D) refractory period.

Question 77

A performance evaluation program revealed that the most effective salespeople in a large company are sincere and energetic in their work. This led the company's psychological consultants to develop a simulation that would assess the extent to which applicants for company sales positions communicate in a forthright and animated manner. This most clearly illustrates the consultants' commitment to

A) structured interviews.
B) human factors psychology.
C) a strengths-based selection system.
D) 360-degree feedback.

Question 78

When asked what makes life meaningful, most people first mention

A) good health.
B) challenging work.
C) satisfying relationships.
D) serving others.

Question 79

A study that followed 370 obese women found that after 7 years they were making ________ money and were ________ likely to be married than an equally intelligent comparison group of nonobese women.

A) more; less
B) less; more
C) more; more
D) less; less

Question 80

A thick, juicy hamburger is to hunger as ________ is to ________.

A) need; drive
B) incentive; drive
C) homeostasis; thirst
D) incentive; instinct