Deck 47: Microbiology and Disease

Question 1

Beneficial bacteria found in the body that perform functions such as producing vitamins are called ____.

A) antigens
B) normal flora
C) immune flora
D) virulent bacteria
E) acid-fast bacteria

Answer 1

normal flora

Question 2

Which of the following refers to the study of microorganisms?

A) Pharmacology
B) Microbiology
C) Hematology
D) Radiology
E) Neurology

Answer 2

Microbiology

Question 3

The respiratory disease that causes fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue, and is spread by airborne transmission is ____.

A) mumps
B) measles
C) influenza
D) pertussis
E) diphtheria

Answer 3

influenza

Question 4

An example of a subcellular microorganism is a ___.

A) virus
B) bacterium
C) protozoan
D) fungus
E) helminth

Question 5

Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A) They are noncellular.
B) They are simply structured with a single chromosome and no organelles.
C) They are highly structured and contain a nucleus.
D) They have a complex cell structure and have specialized organelles in the cytoplasm.
E) They consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 6

A microorganism capable of causing disease is a ____.

A) pathogen
B) macrophage
C) nucleotide
D) nucleoside
E) symbiote

Question 7

The viral infection that affects the salivary glands, causing fever, headache, and inflammation of the glands is ____.

A) whooping cough
B) meningitis
C) mumps
D) rubella
E) scarlet fever

Question 8

Which of the following is characteristic of a subcellular microorganism?

A) Complex cell structure containing a nucleus
B) Highly structured organism with specialized organelles in the cytoplasm
C) Noncellular structure in which the nucleic acid is surrounded by a protein coat
D) Simple cell structure with no nucleus and no organelles in the cytoplasm
E) Cell with a single chromosome and no organelles

Question 9

Which classification of microorganisms contains protozoans, fungi, and parasites?

A) Subcellular
B) Prokaryotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Bacteria
E) Viruses

Question 10

A complication of a strep infection manifested by inflammation of the heart tissue is ____.

A) tetanus
B) rheumatic fever
C) pertussis
D) scarlet fever
E) mumps

Question 11

Three-year-old Tyler's parents report that he has had a runny nose and a mild cough for the last several days. They brought him to the clinic because the coughing has become "terrible" during the past 24 hours. While getting the history from the parents, you notice a "whoop" sound as Tyler inhales after a severe coughing spell. Which of the following diseases is the most probable cause of Tyler's cough?

A) Tetanus
B) Diphtheria
C) Croup
D) Rubella
E) Pertussis

Question 12

Amy is a 9-year-old patient who has a high fever, headache, and an itchy rash. Although Amy usually has a good appetite, her mother says she has not been hungry for the last few days. The rash is starting to blister. Which of the following diseases might you suspect?

A) Chickenpox
B) Rubella
C) Diphtheria
D) Hepatitis
E) Cholera

Question 13

Which of the following is a frequent cause of bacterial infections, including epiglottitis and pneumonia, in infants and young children in the United States?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Haemophilus influenzae Serotype B
C) Helicobacter pylori
D) Legionella pneumophila
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

An acute, often fatal, infectious bacterial disease caused by the introduction of pathogenic spores, which enter the body through a contaminated puncture wound, is____.

A) pertussis
B) diphtheria
C) tetanus
D) rubeola
E) mumps

Question 15

Mononucleosis is caused by ____.

A) the varicella-zoster virus
B) Enterovirus vermicularis
C) the Epstein-Barr virus
D) helminths
E) cytomegalovirus

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of resident normal flora?

A) They are normally found on the skin and within the human body.
B) They have no effect on animals but are dangerous to humans.
C) They are referred to as pathogenic.
D) They may lead to serious conditions.
E) They cause mild infections.

Question 17

Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

A) They have a complex cell structure containing a nucleus and specialized organelles in the cytoplasm.
B) They have a simple cell structure with no nucleus.
C) They are noncellular.
D) They have an uncomplicated, basic structure that contains no organelles in the cytoplasm.
E) They consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 18

Which of the following can weaken the body's ability to fight infection?

A) High-protein diet
B) Cancer treatment
C) Proper hygiene habits
D) Exercise
E) Adequate sleep

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism that is classified a prokaryotic cell?

A) Fungus
B) Virus
C) Bacterium
D) Parasite
E) Helminth

Question 20

In which condition does a pseudomembrane cover the tonsils, throat, and nose, causing respiratory obstruction?

A) Measles
B) Diphtheria
C) Mumps
D) Influenza
E) Legionnaire's disease

Question 21

The comma-shaped bacteria pictured here are ____.

A) bacilli
B) vibrios
C) cocci
D) spirilla
E) parasites

Question 22

The spiral-shaped bacterium pictured here is classified as a ____.

A) bacillus
B) coccus
C) spirillum
D) vibrio
E) parasite

Question 23

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for infections such as syphilis and Lyme disease?

A) Staphylococci
B) Spirilla
C) Vibrios
D) Bacilli
E) Streptococci

Question 24

A solution of a dye or group of dyes that imparts a color to microorganisms is a ____.

A) smear
B) wet mount
C) stain
D) culture
E) medium

Question 25

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, botulism, and tetanus?

A) Spirilla
B) Bacilli
C) Staphylococci
D) Streptococci
E) Vibrios

Question 26

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for diseases such as cholera?

A) Spirilla
B) Vibrios
C) Staphylococci
D) Bacilli
E) Streptococci

Question 27

The bacteria shown in the figure are ____.

A) vibrios
B) cocci
C) spirilla
D) bacilli
E) parasites

Question 28

The causative agents for boils, acne, abscesses, food poisoning, and a type of pneumonia are ____.

A) diplococci
B) spirilla
C) staphylococci
D) streptococci
E) bacilli

Question 29

Diplococci bacteria are responsible for causing ____.

A) boils, acne, and abscesses
B) gonorrhea and some forms of meningitis
C) gastroenteritis and tetanus
D) syphilis and Lyme disease
E) tuberculosis.

Question 30

Which of the following are characteristics of viruses?

A) They cannot be seen with a regular microscope.
B) They reproduce by budding and do not cause disease in humans.
C) They are single-celled organisms that reproduce very quickly.
D) They are found in soil and water and most do not cause disease in humans.
E) They are among the largest infectious agents.

Question 31

The bacteria pictured here are classified as ____.

A) bacilli
B) spirilla
C) cocci
D) vibrios
E) parasites

Question 32

Which of the following is the most common staining procedure, which differentiates bacteria according to the chemical composition of their cell walls?

A) Gram stain
B) Methylene blue stain
C) Acid-fast stain
D) Congo red stain
E) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Question 33

Acid-fast stain is a ____.

A) preparation of a specimen in a liquid that allows the organisms to remain alive and mobile
B) staining procedure for identifying bacteria with a waxy cell wall
C) smear in which a specimen is spread thinly and unevenly across a slide
D) sample of the specimen placed in a substance that allows microorganisms to grow
E) staining procedure that identifies anaerobic bacteria

Question 34

Which of the following microorganisms cause diseases that are a leading cause of death in developing countries because of lack of proper sanitation?

A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Protozoans
D) Fungi
E) Helminths

Question 35

Examples of diseases caused by viruses include ____.

A) gonorrhea and meningitis
B) tinea pedis and vaginal yeast infections
C) malaria and trichomoniasis vaginitis
D) chickenpox, hepatitis, and influenza
E) strep throat and gastroenteritis

Question 36

Which of the following are grapelike clusters of cocci that are commonly found on the skin?

A) Diplococci
B) Mycobacteria
C) Staphylococci
D) Mycoplasma
E) Bacilli

Question 37

The most common way to classify bacteria is according to their ____.

A) ability to retain certain dyes
B) ability to grow in the presence or absence of air
C) biochemical reactions
D) shape
E) size

Question 38

Which of the following microorganisms cause infections such as strep throat, certain types of pneumonia, and rheumatic fever?

A) Streptococci
B) Mycobacteria
C) Rickettsia
D) Diplococci
E) Staphylococci

Question 39

Which of the following are pairs of cocci?

A) Vibrios
B) Streptococci
C) Diplococci
D) Staphylococci
E) Bacilli

Question 40

Streptococci are configured in ____.

A) chains
B) pairs
C) grapelike clusters
D) spirals
E) triplets

Question 41

Which of the following is an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth?

A) Culture
B) Smear
C) Stain
D) Mordant
E) Antimicrobial

Question 42

A sample of a specimen that is placed in or on a substance that allows microorganisms to grow is a ____.

A) stain
B) smear
C) wet mount
D) culture
E) mordant

Question 43

Which of the following involves culturing a specimen and then testing the isolated bacterium's susceptibility to antibiotics?

A) Culture and sensitivity
B) KOH mount
C) Acid-fast stain
D) Wet mount
E) Gram stain

Question 44

Which of the following is included in specimen-collection guidelines?

A) One specimen is sufficient for two or more different tests
B) Obtain a specimen from a site where the organism is least likely to be found
C) Test the specimen within 10 minutes of collection
D) Obtain the specimen only after antibiotic therapy has been initiated
E) Obtain the specimen at a time that allows optimal chance of recovery of the microorganism

Question 45

An infection caused by a parasite is called a(n) ____.

A) outbreak
B) mordant
C) infestation
D) epidemic
E) pandemic

Question 46

Which of the following, found in insects such as ticks and mites, are responsible for diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?

A) Mycobacteria
B) Chlamydiae
C) Mycoplasmas
D) Rickettsiae
E) MSRA

Question 47

Rick, a 22-year-old patient, has had a bad cough that has lasted almost a month. He says his chest hurts, and he has been coughing up blood. Since his last visit three months ago, he has lost 12 pounds. His temperature is 101.9 $\degree$ F. For which of the following diseases might you expect the physician to test?

A) Diphtheria
B) Measles
C) Epiglottitis
D) Hepatitis
E) Tuberculosis

Question 48

Facultative bacteria are bacteria that ____.

A) grow best in the presence of oxygen
B) grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
C) grow best in the absence of oxygen
D) are identified by biochemical reactions that occur within the cell
E) have a waxy cell wall

Question 49

In which of the following is a specimen spread thinly and unevenly across a slide?

A) Stain
B) Smear
C) Culture
D) Wet mount
E) C&S

Question 50

The genus that causes tuberculosis and leprosy is ____.

A) staphylococcus
B) mycobacterium
C) streptococcus
D) bacillus
E) pneumocystis

Question 51

Which of the following reproduce by budding?

A) Viruses
B) Protozoans
C) Yeasts
D) Molds
E) Parasites

Question 52

Which of the following is an organism that lives on or in another organism and uses that other organism for its nourishment, or for some other advantage, to the detriment of the host organism?

A) Mordant
B) Fungus
C) Colony
D) Yeast
E) Parasite

Question 53

A preparation of a specimen in a liquid that allows the organisms to remain alive and mobile while being identified is a(n) ____.

A) stain
B) culture
C) smear
D) wet mount
E) mordant

Question 54

Which of the following is a parasitic disease?

A) Syphilis
B) Pneumonia
C) Hepatitis
D) Scabies
E) Ringworm

Question 55

Fungi that grow into large, fuzzy, multicelled organisms that produce spores are called ____.

A) keratins
B) molds
C) spirilla
D) agar
E) yeasts

Question 56

Which of the following is a guideline for the preparation and transportation of a specimen to an outside laboratory for pathologic study?

A) Use whatever collection device is available
B) Maintain the sample in a state as close to its original state as possible
C) Use the same specimen for both microbiologic and pathologic examination
D) Keep the specimens in a heated environment after obtaining them
E) Obtain the specimen after the patient has started taking an antimicrobial

Question 57

Which of the following is an inflammation of the heart tissue that occurs most frequently in school-age children as a result of an untreated strep throat?

A) Colitis
B) Tuberculosis
C) Rheumatic fever
D) Botulism
E) Whooping cough

Question 58

Anaerobes are bacteria that ____.

A) grow best in the presence of oxygen
B) are identified by biochemical reactions that occur within the cell
C) grow best in the absence of oxygen
D) can thrive in an environment either with oxygen or without oxygen
E) have a waxy cell wall

Question 59

Which of the following are bacteria that grow best in the presence of oxygen?

A) Mordants
B) Aerobes
C) Keratins
D) Anaerobes
E) Facultative specimens

Question 60

Which of the following cause eye disease, venereal disease, and a form of pneumonia?

A) Spirilla
B) Rickettsiae
C) Chlamydiae
D) Mycobacteria
E) Mycoplasmas

Question 61

Which of the following would you include in the preparation of a microbiologic specimen smear?

A) Rub the specimen swab vigorously over the frosted part of the slide
B) Wave the slide in the air to help it dry
C) Heat-fix the slide with the smear side up
D) Stain the smear before it cools
E) Wait until after the smear is prepared to label the slide with the patient's name

Question 62

Which of the following specimens would you expect the physician to order if he or she suspects a patient has tuberculosis?

A) Stool specimen
B) Wound specimen
C) Throat culture specimen
D) Sputum specimen
E) Blood specimen

Question 63

Mary has come to the medical office complaining of an infection involving her left great toenail. Which of the following would you expect the physician to order?

A) Smear
B) Culture
C) Gram stain
D) Wet mount
E) KOH mount

Question 64

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are caused by a(n) ____.

A) virus
B) bacterium
C) protozoan
D) fungus
E) prion

Question 65

Which of the following would you include when performing a Gram stain?

A) Cover only a small area of the specimen on the side with the crystal violet stain
B) Allow the stain to sit for no more than 10 seconds before rinsing
C) Cover the entire specimen area with iodine and allow it to remain for 1 minute
D) Rub the slide to hasten drying
E) Apply exactly 3 drops of alcohol or decolorizer after rinsing away the iodine

Question 66

Which type of specimen is examined for the presence of parasites such as roundworms or tapeworms?

A) Throat culture specimen
B) Stool specimen
C) Wound specimen
D) Sputum specimen
E) Blood specimen

Question 67

Determination of the type of pathogen is called ____.

A) quantitative analysis
B) sensitivity testing
C) qualitative analysis
D) staining
E) inoculation

Question 68

Which of the following is a distinct group of organisms that can be seen on the surface of the culture medium?

A) Mordant
B) Colony
C) Agar
D) Keratin
E) Yeast

Question 69

Determination of the number of bacteria present in specimens is called ____.

A) quantitative analysis
B) sensitivity testing
C) qualitative analysis
D) staining
E) inoculation

Question 70

Trinity is a 9-year-old patient who has a fever, swollen glands, and a red rash. Upon examination, the physician found the organism shown in the picture. Which of the following diseases might the physician suspect based on this evidence?

A) Malaria
B) Legionnaire's disease
C) SARS
D) Tetanus
E) Lyme disease

Question 71

The microorganisms pictured here are ____.

A) protozoans
B) bacteria
C) fungi
D) viruses
E) helminths

Question 72

The hard protein the body produces that makes visualizing the fungus possible only in a KOH mount is called ____.

A) keratin
B) mordant
C) agar
D) mold
E) yeast

Question 73

Which of the following is not a reason people are able to avoid infection most of the time?

A) The majority of microorganisms are either beneficial or harmless.
B) Conditions must be favorable for a pathogen to be transmitted to a susceptible person.
C) The human body has a variety of defenses against infection.
D) Pathogens comprise only a small portion of the microorganisms in a given environment.
E) Pathogens have developed ways to evade the host defenses.

Question 74

Which of the following should you include when preparing a KOH mount?

A) Suspend the specimen in a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide
B) Avoid covering the specimen with a coverslip
C) Examine the specimen immediately after obtaining it
D) Refrigerate the specimen if you cannot examine it immediately after obtaining it
E) Wear a face mask and gown when preparing the specimen

Question 75

Which of the following would you include when obtaining a throat culture specimen from a patient?

A) Wear examination gloves, goggles, and a mask or face shield
B) Instruct all adult patients to lie down for the procedure
C) Swab the back of the throat, including the uvula and the soft tissue hanging from the roof of the mouth
D) Insert the swab into the sleeve after touching the outside of the sleeve with the swab
E) Place the tongue depressor in the nearest trash can after use

Question 76

A substance that can intensify or deepen the response of a specimen to a stain is called a(n) ____.

A) keratin
B) mordant
C) agar
D) colony
E) culture

Question 77

What information must be included on a laboratory request form?

A) Type of organism suspected
B) Patient's phone number
C) Source of the microbiologic specimen
D) Patient's diet
E) Patient's signature

Question 78

The gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed that gives a culture medium its consistency is called

A) keratin.
B) agar.
C) mordant.
D) stain.
E) KOH.

Question 79

The organism pictured here spreads bacteria that causes Lyme disease and is considered a ____.

A) parasitic insect
B) protozoan
C) rickettsiae
D) parasitic worm
E) chlamydiae

Question 80

The parasitic insect pictured here burrows under the skin and causes ____.

A) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
B) scabies
C) malaria
D) plague
E) trichinosis