Deck 10: Development

Question 1

Quarry workers,quarry owners,stone cutters,exporters,designers and architects,builders,tile and stone distributors,etc.represent an example of the links connecting producers and consumers in a world market. This is an example of __________

A) an export-import model.
B) a commodity chain.
C) globalization theory.
D) a core-periphery model.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Modern ideas of development are related to ____________

A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the Agricultural Revolution.
C) gross domestic product.
D) religious views of equity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

____________ is the only country in the western hemisphere with a dependency ration over 85.

A) Haiti
B) Brazil
C) Mexico
D) Guatemala

Answer 3

D

Question 4

High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways,roads,airline connections,telephones,radio and television,etc. These are collectively referred to as ________________

A) infrastructure.
B) dependency measures.
C) formal economy.
D) commodity connections.

Question 5

Gross domestic product measures only _________________

A) home-based output.
B) the informal economy.
C) the productivity of individuals.
D) production only within a country.

Question 6

Which does not make up a portion of Colombia's GNP?

A) professional sports franchises
B) tourism
C) coffee production
D) drug trafficking

Question 7

The word "development" implies ___________

A) progress.
B) colonialism.
C) lowering of wages through mechanization.
D) technology.

Question 8

Even if the Gross National Product (GNP)index is used to measure the well-being of a country,it will fail to show ______________

A) growth in secondary industries (manufacturing).
B) the distribution of wealth.
C) growth within tertiary industries (services).
D) growth within primary industries (mining, forestry, agriculture, fishing).

Question 9

Theories which hold that economic disparities are built into the global economic system are referred to as ________________

A) structuralist theories.
B) modernization theories.
C) liberal theories.
D) neo-capitalist theories.

Question 10

Which Asian nation listed below has a per capita GNP above the world average?

A) Vietnam
B) China
C) South Korea
D) North Korea

Question 11

The principal structuralist alternative to Rostow's model of economic development is known as __________________

A) the "takeoff" model.
B) the liberal model.
C) the modernization model.
D) dependency theory.

Question 12

Which of the following has the highest per capita GNP?

A) Japan
B) United States
C) European Union
D) Canada

Question 13

The continuation of economic dependence even after political independence is referred to as ___________

A) precondition to take-off.
B) modernization model.
C) neocolonialism.
D) independence movement.

Question 14

Rostow's model,developed in the early 1960s,was based upon the experience of _____________

A) financial economists.
B) Latin American countries.
C) China.
D) Western modernization.

Question 15

________________ processes in the commodity chain involve technology,education,research and development,and high wages.

A) Core
B) Value-added
C) Neo-colonial
D) Periphery

Question 16

Which of the following is not associated with core production processes?

A) technology
B) low-wage labor
C) education
D) research and development

Question 17

Gross national product (GNP)measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country's corporations and individuals. It is standardized by _________________

A) being calculated in Euros.
B) measuring the informal as well as informal economy.
C) being calculated on a per capita basis.
D) adjusting for differences in attitude toward "progress."

Question 18

Which is not among the five stages of Rostow's development model?

A) traditional
B) take-off
C) high-mass consumption
D) collapse-decline

Question 19

A large component of survival in countries with low per capita GNP is _______________

A) foreign aid.
B) the sale of resources.
C) the informal economy.
D) tourism.

Question 20

Dependency ratio measures: _____________

A) family size
B) percent of the population dependent on welfare
C) the number of young plus the number of elderly per 100 workers
D) average number of hours of work to feed a family of four

Question 21

Establishment of government quotas on imports (e.g.cotton shirts or steel)to the U.S.has led to ______________

A) a decrease in Chinese shirt production.
B) an increase in Chinese wages.
C) a collapse of the U.S. market for shirts.
D) a shifting of production form country to country in the periphery and semi-periphery.

Question 22

Which organization is headed by a U.S.citizen,is headquartered in Washington,D.C.and is charged with combating poverty in peripheral countries?

A) IMF
B) World Bank
C) Washington Federal Savings and Loan
D) United Nations

Question 23

Most victims of malaria are

A) agricultural workers.
B) women in childbearing years.
C) the elderly.
D) children under 5.

Question 24

In 2003,Malaria endemicity was very high in _____________.

A) Congo
B) Central Brazil
C) Egypt
D) Botswana

Question 25

Argentina's severe economic crisis in 2001 was triggered by economic decisions made _____________

A) in Brazil
B) in Washington, D.C.
C) by the United Nations
D) in Spain

Question 26

According to the World Bank,___________ had the highest external debt as a percentage of exports of goods and services for low- and middle-income in 2006.

A) Mexico
B) Chad
C) Uruguay
D) Tunisia

Question 27

Core area agriculture is characterized by _______________

A) mechanization.
B) high levels of farmer education.
C) scientific agronomy.
D) all of the above

Question 28

The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the United States,with 80% unemployment and per capita income around $6,000,illustrates ______________ within a core area country.

A) cultural choices
B) peripheral processes
C) core processes
D) preconditions for takeoff stage

Question 29

El Salvador abandoned its currency,the Colon,in favor of the U.S.dollar. This process is referred to as _______________

A) re-structuration.
B) re-colonization.
C) international monetizing.
D) dollarization.

Question 30

_________ have low levels of human development according to the Human Development Index (2005).

A) Mali and the Congo
B) Haiti and Egypt
C) Libya and India
D) Yemen and India

Question 31

Wallerstein's three-tier regionalization of the world includes all of the following except ___________

A) core.
B) semi-core.
C) periphery.
D) semi-periphery.

Question 32

Mexico has established export processing zones with special tax,trade and regulatory arrangements for foreign firms. This phenomena is referred to as ______________

A) maquiladoras.
B) haciendas.
C) border cities.
D) NAFTA zones.

Question 33

Economic development in some African states (e.g.Malawi and Zimbabwe)is hampered by __________________

A) drought.
B) religions intolerance.
C) corrupt governments.
D) drop in the price of oil.

Question 34

Subsistence forms of agriculture in peripheral areas produce little in the way of ________________

A) protein.
B) grain crops.
C) root crops.
D) foodstuffs.

Question 35

Many tourist areas in peripheral regions are beach resorts. In 2004 Thailand's beach resort areas were ravaged by _____________

A) cockroach infestations.
B) a tsunami.
C) prolonged drought.
D) terror attacks.

Question 36

Desertification in Africa is a particular problem as ____ of the continent is arid or semiarid.

A) 2/3
B) 1/2
C) 1/3
D) 1/4

Question 37

Malaria kills about ___________ children in the global periphery each month.

A) 5,000
B) 75,000
C) 100,000
D) 150,000

Question 38

In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by ______________

A) worker's cooperatives.
B) local or regional governments.
C) local owner operators.
D) multinational corporations.

Question 39

Young girls trafficked from the periphery to wealthier regions most often work as ____________

A) domestic workers/street vendors.
B) industrial labor.
C) agricultural labor.
D) prostitutes.

Question 40

Countries in which tier of the world economy (region)have high birth and death rates and low life expectancy at birth?

A) post-industrial
B) core
C) semi-periphery
D) periphery

Question 41

Port Gentile is an example of an island of development.

Question 42

Governments in both core and periphery often create wealth by focusing well paid government jobs ________________

A) in the capital city.
B) in underdeveloped areas.
C) in port cities.
D) offshore in third world countries.

Question 43

Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of _____________

A) tropical regions.
B) places with high AIDS mortality rates.
C) areas with male dominance.
D) desert regions.

Question 44

__________ give loans to poor people,preferably women,to encourage development of small businesses.

A) NGOs
B) Micro credit programs
C) Structural adjustment loans
D) Maquiladoras

Question 45

Core-periphery theory can operate at a number of scales. For example,Los Angeles can be described as the core of Southern California.

Question 46

In the US,there is no area threatened by desertification.

Question 47

What is the major difference between Rostow's and Wallerstein's models of development? Compare and contrast the idea of core processes and peripheral processes with Rostow's notion of progressive stages of economic advancement.

Question 48

Discuss Rostow's stages of modernization model and give examples of countries you believe exemplify each stage.

Question 49

The use of energy efficient process and devices may actually lower GNP.

Question 50

A look at the maps of Nigeria,Pakistan and Brazil would show that when governments established new post-colonial capitals,they moved away from _____________

A) swamps.
B) deserts.
C) areas of ethnic discord.
D) coastal port areas.

Question 51

Port Gentile,Gabon was built by __________________

A) an ancient Gabonese civilization.
B) British colonizers.
C) European oil companies.
D) migrants fleeing the Congo.

Question 52

The world economic system works to the disadvantage of the periphery countries.

Question 53

Gross national product (GNP)measures the value of officially recorded goods and services produced within a country.

Question 54

A high percentage of laborers engaged in the production of food staples indicates a low,overall level of development.

Question 55

Governments have least control over wealth generating processes at the point in the commodity chain where goods enter the country.

Question 56

Recent developments in China's coastal provinces have created greater regional economic disparities with interior regions.

Question 57

Describe the regional inequality in the peripheral regions. Why is this a growing problem?

Question 58

Twenty thousand nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)in Bangladesh constitute what can be called _______________

A) a parallel state.
B) colonial enclaves.
C) development islands.
D) subversive zones.

Question 59

One compensation of being in a peripheral region of the world economy is that goods and services are low cost,thus making education free of cost in most of the region.

Question 60

In Africa and other developing regions the output in the subsistence agricultural sector is not included in GNP calculations.

Question 61

Define Gross National Product.Discuss the world map of per capita GNP and apply Wallerstein's three-tier regionalization (core,semi-periphery,periphery)to divide the world into three development regions. Give examples of countries in each region.

Question 62

There are extremes of development within all countries. Describe places at each end of the spectrum within a developed county and compare the description with places of extreme wealth and poverty within a peripheral country. In what ways are they similar and in what ways do they differ?

Question 63

Discuss several types of barriers to development. What can governments do to remove those barriers?