Deck 12: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Question 1

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.The nurse should tell the patient these are called:

A) Sulci
B) Fissures
C) Reticular formations
D) Gyri

Answer 1

Gyri

Question 2

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure.What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pons
C) Midbrain
D) Cerebrum

Answer 2

Medulla oblongata

Question 3

Which answer indicates a nurse understands regeneration of neurons? Neurons that have the capacity for regeneration include:

A) Unmyelinated neurons in the brain
B) Myelinated neurons in the spinal cord
C) Myelinated peripheral neurons
D) Postganglionic motor neurons

Answer 3

Myelinated peripheral neurons

Question 4

An aide asks a nurse what neurotransmitters interact with.Which response is the nurse's best answer? Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to a:

A) Receptor
B) Nissl body
C) Glial cell
D) Neurofibril

Question 5

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres,what term should the nurse use?

A) Peduncle
B) Corpus callosum
C) Basal ganglia
D) Pons

Question 6

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls,how should the nurse respond? It controls:

A) The heart
B) The spinal cord
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Smooth muscle organs

Question 7

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns.Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 8

A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease.He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements.Which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is most likely damaged?

A) Basal ganglia
B) Prefrontal area
C) Hippocampus
D) Temporal lobe

Question 9

A cell was isolated from the CNS.A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris.What type of cell is the researcher studying?

A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Microglia
D) Schwann cell

Question 10

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons.Which information should be included? Motor neurons are structurally classified as _____ neurons.

A) Unipolar
B) Pseudounipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Multipolar

Question 11

A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident.After rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired.Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?

A) Thalamus
B) Limbic
C) Prefrontal
D) Occipital

Question 12

A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves.Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the:

A) Axon hillock
B) Nissl body
C) Node of Ranvier
D) Myelin sheath

Question 13

If a neuron's membrane potential is held as close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs),the neuron is said to be:

A) Hyperpolarized
B) Facilitated
C) Integrated
D) Inhibited

Question 14

A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 15

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current,neurotransmitters are released from the:

A) Synapse
B) Synaptic bouton
C) Synaptic cleft
D) Receptor

Question 16

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS.Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Pseudounipolar
D) Interpolar

Question 17

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest,how should the nurse respond? The:

A) Large axon
B) Axon hillock
C) Cell body
D) Dendrites

Question 18

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

A) Wernicke area
B) Broca area
C) Primary speech area
D) Insula

Question 19

A 20-year-old male was brought to the emergency room (ER)for severe burns.He requested something for the excruciating pain he was experiencing.Blocking which of the following neurotransmitters would reduce his pain?

A) Enkephalin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Question 20

A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets.A drug that stimulates which of the following areas would best treat his problem?

A) Corpora quadrigemina
B) Reticular activating system
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 21

A patient begins taking a new drug that causes pupil dilation,vasoconstriction,decreased gastrointestinal motility,and goose bumps.Which of the following receptors are activated?

A) Alpha 1
B) Alpha 2
C) Beta 1
D) Beta 2

Question 22

A nurse recalls characteristics of upper motor neurons include:

A) Directly innervating muscles
B) Influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs
C) Cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord
D) Dendritic processes extending out of the CNS

Question 23

A patient presents with altered respiratory patterns following head trauma.Based upon the symptoms,which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is injured?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Midbrain
D) Reticular formation

Question 24

A 12-year-old presents with hydrocephalus.Blockage of which of the following would cause this condition?

A) Cerebral aqueduct
B) Inferior colliculi
C) Red nucleus
D) Tegmentum

Question 25

Which of the following patients has the best chance of recovery from nerve injury? A patient with a(n):

A) Torn nerve
B) Crushed nerve
C) Injury located closer to the cell body of the nerve
D) Injury located closer to the synapse

Question 26

Which of the following is a neuroglial cell? (Select all that apply.)

A) Astrocyte
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Neuron
D) Ependymal cell
E) Melanocyte

Question 27

A 40-year-old male suffers from head trauma that affects cranial nerve I.Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?

A) Visual disturbances
B) Loss of sense of smell
C) Loss of ability to taste
D) Hearing disturbances

Question 28

What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the brain?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Falx cerebri

Question 29

A nurse is discussing the membrane that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.What term should the nurse use to describe this membrane?

A) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Falx cerebri
C) Arachnoid membrane
D) Temporal lobe

Question 30

The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain.

A) Carotid arteries
B) Basal artery
C) Circle of Willis
D) Vertebral arteries

Question 31

When a student asks which type of nerves transmit nerve impulses at the fastest rate,what is the best response by the nurse?

A) Large, non-myelinated
B) Small, myelinated
C) Large, myelinated
D) Small, non-myelinated

Question 32

A nurse is teaching about the area of the spinal cord that contains cell bodies involved in the autonomic nervous system.Which of the following area is the nurse discussing?

A) Anterior horn
B) Ventral horn
C) Lateral horn
D) Dorsal horn

Question 33

Which cell type is the nurse discussing? A cell that is involved in forming the blood-brain barrier is the:

A) Microglia
B) Schwann cell
C) Oligodendrocyte
D) Astrocyte

Question 34

Which neurotransmitter is released when a patient's parasympathetic motor neurons are stimulated?

A) Epinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Question 35

When a patient's vagus nerve is stimulated,what does the nurse expect to observe?

A) Increased gastrointestinal activity
B) Increased heart rate
C) Pupil constriction
D) Vasoconstriction

Question 36

A neurologist is teaching about sensory pathways.Which information should the neurologist include? Sensory pathways in the spinal cord include the:

A) Corticospinal tract
B) Pyramids
C) Spinothalamic tract
D) Anterior column

Question 37

Which action will occur when a patient's â-1 receptors are stimulated?

A) Dilation of the coronary arteries
B) Vasoconstriction of arteries
C) Increase in the strength of myocardial contraction
D) Decrease in the rate of myocardial contraction

Question 38

A nurse remembers the brain receives approximately ____% of the cardiac output.

A) 80
B) 40
C) 20
D) 10

Question 39

The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light.The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated?

A) Olfactory
B) Vagus
C) Oculomotor
D) Trigeminal

Question 40

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)can accumulate around the brain when there is injury to the sites of CSF reabsorption,which are called the:

A) Arachnoid villi
B) Epidural foramina
C) Lateral apertures
D) Choroid plexuses

Question 41

A nurse is monitoring intracranial pressure.A nurse recalls the normal upper limit of intracranial pressure is _______ mm Hg.

Question 42

When a patient wants to know how many vertebrae make up the vertebral column,the nurse responds with _____.