Deck 28: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Question 1

A nurse is teaching the staff about the kidneys.Which information should the nurse include? The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:

A) Medulla
B) Cortex
C) Pyramids
D) Columns

Answer 1

Cortex

Question 2

When a patient's renal system secretes rennin,what effect will that cause in the body? It causes the direct activation of:

A) Angiotensin I
B) Angiotensin II
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Aldosterone

Answer 2

Angiotensin I

Question 3

When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus,what term should the nurse use?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa
C) Mesangial cells
D) Loop of Henle

Answer 3

Macula densa

Question 4

On average the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 10% to 14%
B) 15% to 19%
C) 20% to 25%
D) 26% to 35%

Question 5

A nurse recalls the blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

A) Vagus nerve
B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

While planning care for a patient with urinary problems,the nurse recalls that the renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:

A) Increased blood volume
B) Elevated sodium concentrations
C) Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles
D) Renal hypertension

Question 7

A nurse is reviewing urinalysis results and notices glucose is present in the urine.A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted in the urine when:

A) The maximum rate of glucose filtration is achieved
B) The carrier molecules have reached their maximum
C) Glucose is consumed
D) The ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose is lost

Question 8

A kidney has a glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure of 50 mm Hg,a Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg,and a glomerular capillary oncotic pressure of 12 mm Hg.The net filtration pressure is ____ mm Hg.

A) 23
B) 27
C) 35
D) 38

Question 9

When a nurse is checking the urinalysis,plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:

A) All proteins filtered are subsequently reabsorbed.
B) All of the plasma proteins are too large to fit through the filtration slits.
C) All proteins filtered are subsequently degraded before elimination.
D) The negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.

Question 10

A urologist is discussing the phagocytic cells that lie between the layers of the renal corpuscle.What is the urologist describing?

A) Podocytes
B) Macula densa cells
C) Mesangial cells
D) Filtration slits

Question 11

A nurse is preparing to teach about the loop of Henle.Which information should be included? The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

A) Sodium secretion
B) Potassium secretion
C) Hydrogen ion reabsorption
D) Water reabsorption

Question 12

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together,it is referred to as the renal:

A) Corpuscle
B) Capsule
C) Medulla
D) Pyramid

Question 13

When describing the male urinary anatomy,which information should the nurse include? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.

A) Membranous
B) Prostatic
C) Cavernous
D) Vas deferens

Question 14

The urologist is teaching about the nephrons that determine the concentration of the urine.The urologist is discussing the _____ nephrons.

A) Juxtamedullary
B) Midcortical
C) Cortical
D) Medullary

Question 15

When teaching about sodium reabsorption,which information should the nurse include? The majority of sodium reabsorption takes place in the:

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct

Question 16

A urologist is discussing a structure that supplies blood to the medulla.What is the urologist describing?

A) Renal arteries
B) Arcuate arteries
C) Peritubular capillaries
D) Vasa recta

Question 17

While reviewing urine lab results,the nurse remembers the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)is directly related to the:

A) Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
B) Oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
C) Vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles
D) Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman capsule

Question 18

A nurse is describing the trigone.Which information should be included? The trigone is defined as:

A) The orifice of the ureter
B) The inner area of the kidney
C) A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
D) The three divisions of the loop of Henle

Question 19

When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney,what other term should the nurse use?

A) Calyx
B) Nephron
C) Collecting duct
D) Pyramid

Question 20

When a nurse is preparing to teach about urine,which information should the nurse include? Just before entering the ureter,urine passes through the:

A) Collecting duct
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Major calyx

Question 21

A nurse is preparing to teach about the collecting ducts.Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which of these hormones?

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANP)
C) Renin
D) Aldosterone

Question 22

A nurse recalls the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and plasma creatinine (P_cr)concentration are _____ related.

A) Directly
B) Indirectly
C) Inversely
D) Not

Question 23

A nurse recalls the superficial cortical nephrons account for ____% of all nephrons.

Question 24

On average,_____% of renal plasma flow (RPF)to the glomerulus is filtered into the Bowman capsule.

Question 25

A nurse would chart a patient is experiencing oliguria when a 24-hour urine output is less than ________.

Question 26

When a staff member asks how the urine gets from the nephrons to the calyces,what is the nurse's best response? The renal structure that drains directly into the calyces is (are)the (select all that apply):

A) Distal tubule
B) Collecting duct
C) Pyramid
D) Renal pelvis
E) Loop of Henle

Question 27

If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function,which test should the nurse monitor?

A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B) Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
C) Volume of urine output
D) Urine-specific gravity

Question 28

When a student asks what the components of the nephron are,how should the nurse respond? The components of the nephron include (select all that apply):

A) Loop of Henle
B) Renal corpuscle
C) Proximal tubule
D) Renal pelvis
E) Convoluted tubule

Question 29

When a staff member asks which of the following substances are actively secreted by the renal tubules,what is the nurse's best response?

A) Sodium and chlorine
B) Phosphate and calcium
C) Hydrogen and potassium
D) Bicarbonate and carbonic acid

Question 30

A patient has searched the Internet for hormones.The patient has a good understanding when she knows that the hormone _____ is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells.

A) Creatinine
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Renin

Question 31

A 35-year-old hypertensive male begins taking a diuretic.Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Increased uric acid secretion
D) Hypermagnesemia

Question 32

When a patient asks what role the kidneys play in vitamin D function,how should the nurse reply?

A) Synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol
B) Activates intestinally absorbed vitamin D
C) Metabolizes and breaks down vitamin D
D) Excretes excess vitamin D