Deck 20: Pulmonary Edema

Question 1

Which of the following are considered noncardiogenic causes of increased capillary permeability?
1) Therapeutic lung radiation
2) Cigarette smoke
3) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
4) Inhaled phosgene

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Answer 1

1, 3, 4

Question 2

The respiratory therapist is asked to evaluate a patient with suspected congestive heart failure. Which of the following laboratory tests should the respiratory therapist recommend to evaluate the patient for possible congestive heart failure?

A) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
B) Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
C) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
D) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Answer 2

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Question 3

Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema includes giving a patient which of the following types of medications?
1) Reduction of systemic vascular resistance
2) Positive inotropic medication
3) Preload reducing medication
4) Positive chronotropic medication

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Answer 3

1, 2, 3

Question 4

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema would be expected to have which of the following chest radiograph findings?
1) Depressed diaphragms
2) Pleural effusion
3) Cardiomegaly
4) Bilateral "butterfly" pattern fluffy infiltrates

A)1
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 5

Mask CPAP is used with pulmonary edema patients because it:
1) decrease vascular congestion.
2) reduce work of breathing.
3) it is less expensive than mechanical ventilation.
4) improves lung compliance.

A)1, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 6

Lymphatic insufficiency could be caused by:
1) lung transplantation.
2) lymphangitic carcinomatosis.
3) removal of pleural fluid.
4) decreased oncotic pressure.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 7

A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be recommended by the respiratory therapist?

A) Provide supplemental oxygen.
B) Begin mechanical ventilation.
C) Have the patient use pursed-lip breathing.
D) Begin bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy.

Question 8

What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?

A) 0 to 5 mm Hg
B) 5 to 10 mm Hg
C) 10 to 15 mm Hg
D) 15 to 20 mm Hg

Question 9

Pulmonary edema produces:

A) a restrictive pulmonary disorder.
B) an obstructive pulmonary disorder.
C) both a restrictive and obstructive disorders.
D) obstructive cardiac disease.

Question 10

A patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema has had intravascular catheters placed for monitoring purposes. Which of the following values would be expected?
1) Decreased SV
2) Increased PCWP
3) Increased CVP
4) Decreased RAP

A)2, 3
B)1, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)2, 3, 4

Question 11

Which of the following may be causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
1) Pulmonary embolism
2) Dysrhythmias
3) Systemic hypertension
4) Excessive fluid administration

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 12

Which of the following are risk factors for coronary heart disease?
1) Elevated homocysteine level
2) Elevated vitamin E level
3) Hypertension
4) Diabetes mellitus

A)1
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Question 13

A patient has noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. What chest radiograph findings would be expected?
1) "Bat's wings" pattern fluffy infiltrates
2) Normal cardiac silhouette
3) Fluffy densities near the hilum
4) Pleural effusion

A)1
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 4

Question 14

The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include:
1) atelectasis.
2) bronchospasm.
3) high surface tension of alveolar fluids.
4) alveolar flooding.

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 3, 4

Question 15

As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences?

A) Peribronchial interstitial spaces, bronchi, trachea
B) Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi
C) Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
D) Pulmonary capillaries, alveoli, bronchioles

Question 16

Which of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
1) Myocardial infarction
2) Mitral valve disease
3) Allergic reaction to drugs
4) Congenital heart defects

A)1, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 17

A patient has a decreased oncotic pressure. What can be done to increase it?

A) Implement a high-salt diet.
B) Administer albumin.
C) Administer milrinone.
D) Administer morphine sulfate.

Question 18

The respiratory therapist is asked to recommend a medication to reduce afterload for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The therapist could recommend:

A) captopril.
B) furosemide.
C) albumin.
D) atropine.