Question 1

An abnormal plantar reflex in an adult produces Babinski's sign, which indicates _.&#10;A) damage to the corticospinal tract&#10;B) nerve damage to the leg&#10;C) damage to the muscles that move the ankle&#10;D) damage to the dorsal columns

Accepted Answer

Babinski's sign is indicative of damage to the corticospinal tract, which is part of the central nervous system and is responsible for carrying movement-related information from the brain to the spinal cord and then to the body.

Question 2

Which statement about neural reflex arcs is incorrect?&#10;A) An afferent path leads to the integrating center and an efferent path leads away from it.&#10;B) They are slowed down by the hormones involved.&#10;C) Their function is to protect the body from harm caused by homeostatic imbalances or external events.&#10;D) They contain the following elements: receptor, integrating center, and effector.

Accepted Answer

Neural reflex arcs are primarily neural pathways, and their speed is determined by the speed of nerve impulse transmission, not by hormones. Hormones generally act more slowly and are part of the endocrine system, not the neural reflex arcs.

Question 3

The patellar or knee-jerk reflex involves .&#10;A) stimulatory nerve impulses to both quadriceps and the hamstrings&#10;B) stimulatory nerve impulses to the quadriceps and inhibitory impulses to the hamstrings&#10;C) stimulatory nerve impulses to the hamstrings and inhibitory impulses to the quadriceps&#10;D) inhibitory nerve impulses to both quadriceps and the hamstrings

Accepted Answer

The patellar reflex, a classic example of a stretch reflex, involves stimulatory nerve impulses to the quadriceps muscle (which extends the leg) and inhibitory impulses to the hamstring muscles (which would oppose the quadriceps if they were stimulated). This coordinated response allows for the quick and efficient extension of the leg in response to the tapping of the patellar tendon.

Question 4

The neural pathway for a reflex is called .&#10;A) an intrinsic reflex&#10;B) an autonomic reflex&#10;C) a somatic reflex&#10;D) a reflex arc

Accepted Answer

A reflex arc is the correct term for the neural pathway that a reflex follows. It typically involves a sensory neuron, an interneuron in the spinal cord or brain, and a motor neuron, resulting in a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus.

Question 5

Which statement is false about testing reflexes?&#10;A) It is very difficult to assess reflex responses.&#10;B) Exaggerated reflex responses indicate pathology to the nervous system.&#10;C) The absence of reflex responses indicates pathology to the nervous system.&#10;D) Tests of reflexes can help localize the area of injury when the spinal cord has been damaged.

Accepted Answer

Testing reflexes is a standard and straightforward procedure in neurological examinations, not very difficult to assess. Reflex tests are designed to assess the integrity of the nervous system and can provide valuable information about the presence and location of neurological damage.

Question 6

What is true about somatic reflexes?&#10;A) They are important in regulating digestion and blood pressure.&#10;B) They help prepare the body for &#34;fight-or-flight.&#34;&#10;C) They activate skeletal muscle.&#10;D) We are not usually aware of them.

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflexes specifically involve the activation of skeletal muscles, unlike autonomic reflexes that regulate bodily functions such as digestion and blood pressure.

Question 7

Name the receptor for the stretch reflex.&#10;A) pain receptors&#10;B) temperature receptors&#10;C) tendon organ&#10;D) muscle spindle (indicates stretch on the muscle)

Accepted Answer

Muscle spindles are the receptors responsible for detecting stretch in muscles, initiating the stretch reflex to prevent muscle damage.

Question 8

The pupillary light reflex is an example of a(n) .&#10;A) somatic reflex&#10;B) autonomic reflex&#10;C) special senses reflex&#10;D) voluntary reflex

Accepted Answer

The pupillary light reflex is an example of an autonomic reflex because it is an involuntary response controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically adjusting the size of the pupil in response to light intensity.

Question 9

Which of the following will cause the reaction time of a reflex to increase?&#10;A) rapid nerve conduction velocity&#10;B) rapid activation of the effector&#10;C) a large number of neurons and their associated synapses&#10;D) great sensitivity of the receptors for the reflex

Accepted Answer

A large number of neurons and their associated synapses in a reflex pathway will increase the reaction time because each synapse introduces a delay due to the time it takes for neurotransmitter release, diffusion, and receptor binding.

Question 10

Which of the following cranial nerve mediates the corneal reflex?&#10;A) trigeminal&#10;B) oculomotor&#10;C) trochlear&#10;D) abducens

Accepted Answer

The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) mediates the corneal reflex by carrying the afferent sensory information from the cornea.

Question 11

The functions of the pupillary responses include _ .&#10;A) protecting the retina from damage by bright light&#10;B) protecting the eyeball from damage&#10;C) testing the integrity of the sympathetic nervous system&#10;D) assessing the ability of the eyelid to close

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functions of the pupillary responses include...

Question 12

In nervous system physiology, the definition of a reflex is a .&#10;A) well thought out, therefore slow, response to an emergency situation&#10;B) voluntary response, which can be withheld&#10;C) rapid, predictable, involuntary motor response to a stimulus&#10;D) variable response to a startling stimulus

Accepted Answer

The answer of In nervous system physiology, the definition of...

Question 13

Predict which of the following reflexes will have the most rapid response time.&#10;A) applying the brakes when a person darts in front of your car&#10;B) catching a ruler between your thumb and index finger&#10;C) the stretch reflex&#10;D) the crossed extensor reflex

Accepted Answer

The answer of Predict which of the following reflexes will...

Question 14

The crossed extensor reflex is an example of a(n) _.&#10;A) special senses reflex&#10;B) autonomic reflex&#10;C) somatic reflex&#10;D) voluntary reflex

Accepted Answer

The answer of The crossed extensor reflex is an example...

Question 15

What is the first event associated with a reflex?&#10;A) The effector produces a response.&#10;B) The integrating center elicits a response.&#10;C) The integrating center receives information and makes decisions based upon the information.&#10;D) The receptor detects a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the first event associated with...

Deck 21: Human Reflex Physiology