Deck 13: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Question 1

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), the neuron is said to be:

A) hyperpolarized.
B) facilitated.
C) integrated.
D) inhibited.

Answer 1

facilitated.

Question 2

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current, neurotransmitters are released from the:

A) synapse.
B) synaptic bouton.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) receptor.

Answer 2

synaptic bouton.

Question 3

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons.Which structural classification identifies motor neurons?

A) Unipolar
B) Pseudounipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Multipolar

Answer 3

Multipolar

Question 4

A 19-year-old college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets.Under-stimulation of which area of the brain is likely the site of the problem?

A) Corpora quadrigemina
B) Reticular activating system
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 5

A cell was isolated from the CNS.A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris.What type of cell is the researcher studying?

A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Microglia
D) Schwann cell

Question 6

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.The nurse should tell the patient these are called:

A) sulci.
B) fissures.
C) reticular formations.
D) gyri.

Question 7

Which neurons have the capacity for regeneration?

A) Unmyelinated neurons in the brain
B) Myelinated neurons in the spinal cord
C) Myelinated peripheral neurons
D) Postganglionic motor neurons

Question 8

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

A) Wernicke area
B) Broca area
C) Brodmann area 4
D) Brodmann area 6

Question 9

Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain located?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 10

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest, how should the nurse respond? The:

A) large axon.
B) axon hillock.
C) cell body.
D) dendrites.

Question 11

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure.What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebrum.

Question 12

A patient brought to the emergency room (ER)with severe burns is requesting something for the excruciating pain and is medicated with morphine, which blocks which of the following neurotransmitters, thus reducing the pain?

A) Enkephalin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Question 13

After rehabilitation for severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident, a patient reports that her thought processes and ability to concentrate are impaired.Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?

A) Thalamus
B) Limbic
C) Prefrontal
D) Occipital

Question 14

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond? It controls:

A) the heart.
B) the spinal cord.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle organs.

Question 15

Blockage of which of the following would cause hydrocephalus?

A) Cerebral aqueduct
B) Inferior colliculi
C) Red nucleus
D) Tegmentum

Question 16

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns.Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 17

Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

A) Receptor
B) Nissl body
C) Glial cell
D) Neurofibril

Question 18

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS.Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Pseudounipolar
D) Interpolar

Question 19

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, what term should the nurse use?

A) Peduncle
B) Corpus callosum
C) Basal ganglia
D) Pons

Question 20

A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves.Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the:

A) axon hillock.
B) Nissl body.
C) node of Ranvier.
D) myelin sheath.

Question 21

A patient suffers from head trauma that affects cranial nerve I.Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?

A) Visual disturbances
B) Loss of sense of smell
C) Loss of ability to taste
D) Hearing disturbances

Question 22

A nurse remembers the brain receives approximately ____% of the cardiac output.

A) 80
B) 40
C) 20
D) 10

Question 23

When a patient wants to know how many vertebrae make up the vertebral column, the nurse responds with _____.

Question 24

A nurse is teaching about the area of the spinal cord that contains cell bodies involved in the autonomic nervous system.Which of the following areas is the nurse discussing?

A) Anterior horn
B) Ventral horn
C) Lateral horn
D) Dorsal horn

Question 25

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)can accumulate around the brain when there is injury to the sites of CSF reabsorption, which are called the:

A) arachnoid villi.
B) epidural foramina.
C) lateral apertures.
D) choroid plexuses.

Question 26

What type of cell supports the forming of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

A) Endothelial
B) Schwann
C) Oligodendrocyte
D) Astrocyte

Question 27

A nurse recalls that characteristics of upper motor neurons include:

A) directly innervating muscles.
B) influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs.
C) cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) dendritic processes extending out of the CNS.

Question 28

Which structure ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain?

A) Carotid arteries
B) Basal artery
C) Circle of Willis
D) Vertebral arteries

Question 29

When a patient's vagus nerve is stimulated, what does the nurse expect to observe?

A) Increased gastrointestinal activity
B) Increased heart rate
C) Pupil constriction
D) Vasoconstriction

Question 30

A nurse is discussing the membrane that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.What term should the nurse use to describe this membrane?

A) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Falx cerebri
C) Arachnoid membrane
D) Temporal lobe

Question 31

The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light.The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated?

A) Olfactory
B) Vagus
C) Oculomotor
D) Trigeminal

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is released when a patient's parasympathetic motor neurons are stimulated?

A) Epinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Question 33

A nurse is monitoring intracranial pressure.A nurse recalls the normal upper limit of intracranial pressure is _______ mm Hg.

Question 34

What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the brain?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Falx cerebri

Question 35

A patient begins taking a new drug that causes pupil dilation, vasoconstriction, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and goose bumps.Which of the following receptors are activated?

A) α₁
B) α₂
C) β₁
D) β₂

Question 36

A patient presents with altered respiratory patterns following head trauma.Based on the symptoms, which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is injured?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Midbrain
D) Reticular formation

Question 37

A neurologist is teaching about sensory pathways.Which information should the neurologist include? Sensory pathways in the spinal cord to the thalamus are included in the:

A) corticospinal tract.
B) pyramids.
C) spinothalamic tract.
D) anterior column.

Question 38

Which of the following is a neuroglial cell? (select all that apply)

A) Astrocyte
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Neuron
D) Ependymal cell
E) Melanocyte

Question 39

Which action will occur when a patient's α₁-receptors are stimulated?

A) Dilation of the coronary arteries
B) Vasoconstriction of arteries
C) Increase in the strength of myocardial contraction
D) Decrease in the rate of myocardial contraction