Deck 22: Community Justice

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three traditional tasks of criminal justice?

A) Apprehension
B) Conviction
C) Punishment
D) Restoration

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Community justice and criminal justice use the same processes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In community justice, citizens and victims are involved in sentencing decisions to increase their confidence in the wisdom of the sanctions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Community justice approaches always respect individual rights.

Question 5

One of the arguments against community justice is the increased cost.

Question 6

Traditional justice attempts to develop standardized approaches to crime problems that are applied uniformly across the entire legal jurisdiction.

Question 7

For most significant crimes, the state or federal government has legal jurisdiction within politically determined boundaries.

Question 8

The community justice ideal is to ultimately improve the quality of community life.

Question 9

One of the drawbacks of community justice approaches is that they fail to recognize the underlying problems of the convicted person, victims, and others in the neighborhood.

Question 10

There are four basic types of restorative justice strategies-mediation, community boards, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing.

Question 11

Researchers have pointed out negative impacts on community life from high incarceration rates.

Question 12

Citizen partnerships between justice agencies and citizen groups improve the legitimacy of justice programs.

Question 13

Crime mapping is used as a means of strengthening a person's integration into the community.

Question 14

Community justice is a philosophy of justice but does not specify strategies.

Question 15

Citizen advisory boards help identify and prioritize local crime problems.

Question 16

Reintegration is the main solution sought in the problem-solving philosophy of community justice.

Question 17

The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature.

Question 18

The traditional justice system works .

A) one case at a time
B) by focusing on neighborhoods
C) more efficiently than the community justice system
D) without having a strategy

Question 19

Crime mapping identifies where crime is most concentrated.

Question 20

Lack of resources and lack of safety are the two deficits that prevent a reasonable quality of life.

Question 21

The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably .

A) slow
B) rapid
C) unwelcome
D) measured

Question 22

Spatial concentration in U.S. neighborhoods happens because neighborhoods are .

A) poor
B) integrated
C) assimilated
D) segregated

Question 23

The community policing movement had become enormously successful by the end of the .

A) 1970s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s

Question 24

The main characteristics of the penal population come from .

A) age distributions
B) the overall makeup of a jurisdiction
C) specific impoverished communities
D) the patterns of policing in a city

Question 25

By the end of the 1990s, most police departments said they practiced some form of .

A) community corrections
B) community maintenance
C) community justice
D) community policing

Question 26

Which of the following is an argument against community justice?

A) Impingement on individual rights
B) Social inequality
C) Increasing costs
D) All of these are correct

Question 27

Crime victimization rates are highest for .

A) wealthy whites
B) African American suburbanites
C) African Americans and Latinos
D) white urbanites

Question 28

While traditional justice focuses on processing cases, community justice .

A) is based in a state or local jurisdiction
B) focuses on solving crime problems
C) seeks to punish convicted people
D) None of these is correct

Question 29

Environmental crime prevention specialists work to change .

A) the places crime tends to occur
B) the crimes that tend to occur
C) common patrol routes
D) methods of police dispatch

Question 30

Identifying the areas where crime is most concentrated is known as .

A) neighborhood watch
B) crime mapping
C) community policing
D) proactive approach

Question 31

The traditional criminal justice system is concerned almost exclusively with .

A) winning
B) those who commit crimes
C) victims
D) safety

Question 32

are those areas where crime seems constant; community policing attempts to change the dynamic of those areas.

A) Hot spots
B) Problem areas
C) Locations
D) Issues

Question 33

People in poor communities tend to tell researchers that they want .

A) bad guys off their streets
B) bad guys sent to prison
C) people not to go to prison
D) more policing in their neighborhoods

Question 34

Proactive crime strategies aim at .

A) prevention
B) rapid response
C) incapacitation
D) supporting individual rights

Question 35

Critics point out that the rhetoric of restorative justice is not always matched by the activities of corresponding programs because strategies are sometimes employed to enforce participation.

A) policing
B) coercive
C) judicial
D) environmental

Question 36

The idea of community justice has become increasingly .

A) out of favor
B) marginalized
C) dangerous
D) popular

Question 37

Traditional criminal justice is oriented toward .

A) hot spots
B) victims
C) jurisdictions
D) neighborhoods

Question 38

The community justice strategy of seeks to change the places where crime occurs.

A) restorative justice
B) justice programs
C) environmental crime prevention
D) All of these are correct

Question 39

Community justice attempts to .

A) apply strategies uniformly
B) tailor strategies to specific problems
C) apply strategies based on funding
D) tailor strategies to the law

Question 40

justice seeks to reestablish victim, convicted individual, and community to a level of functioning that existed before the criminal event.

A) Environmental
B) Retributive
C) Criminal
D) Restorative

Question 41

Ever since the landmark work of and , criminologists have realized that crimes tend to concentrate in certain areas.

A) Cullen; Spohn
B) Sutherland; Cressey
C) Copes; Klenowski
D) Shaw; McKay

Question 42

Most of the people who cycle through probation, prisons, and parole come from a limited number of
communities.

Question 43

The main factors that have influenced the growth of the penal system include age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and _____________.

Question 44

Community justice is based on the rather than on the legal jurisdiction.

Question 45

The strategy of the approach combines three contemporary justice innovations: community policing, environmental crime, and restorative justice.

Question 46

The term describes mutual trust among neighbors combined with willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good.

Question 47

__________ of crime describes the fact that certain neighborhoods have very high numbers of arrests and of people going to prison.

Question 48

Community policing attempts to identify and work to make crime less likely to occur in them.

Question 49

Inequality breeds .

Question 50

Traditional criminal justice is .

A) proactive
B) reactive
C) inactive
D) active

Question 51

is mutual trust among neighbors combined with a willingness to intervene for the common good.

A) Collective efficacy
B) Traditional policing
C) A justice program
D) Spatial concentration

Question 52

The policing approach to law enforcement employs problem-solving strategies to identify ways to prevent crime by getting to root causes of instead of relying on arrests.

Question 53

Research has shown that problems of violence stem directly from problems of .

Question 54

Traditional criminal justice employs strategies.

A) judicial
B) adversarial
C) reparative
D) individualized

Question 55

A "problem-solving" approach to addressing community issues is considered to be a(n) strategy.

A) proactive
B) adversarial
C) reactive
D) confrontational

Question 56

A strategy to redirect funds currently spent on prisons to community public safety projects is justice __________.

Question 57

is the solution sought under the problem-solving philosophy of community justice.

Question 58

The overall cost of community justice should be met by a chance in the of justice dollars to provide support for new activities in place of previous functions.

Question 59

The adversarial criminal justice system works to .

A) prevent crime
B) improve the quality of life
C) serve the highest-risk neighborhoods
D) remove individuals from the community

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key areas of concern raised about community justice models?

A) Individual rights
B) Social inequality
C) Increased costs
D) Political support

Question 61

List and discuss the main arguments for and against the use of community justice strategies.

Question 62

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Justice reinvestment

Question 63

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Spatial concentration

Question 64

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Adversarial process

Question 65

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Problem-solving approach

Question 66

What is community justice, and what are its central characteristics?

Question 67

Describe the crime problems and the shortcomings of the traditional criminal justice system that community justice is intended to redress.

Question 68

justice attempts to develop standardized approaches to crime problems that can be applied uniformly across the entire legal jurisdiction.

Question 69

The popularity of community justice derives in part from deep dissatisfaction with contemporary justice .

Question 70

The approach to crime prevention begins with an analysis of why crime tends to concentrate in certain locations and certain times.

Question 71

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Social disorganization

Question 72

Between community justice and traditional justice, which approach would you prefer if you were a victim of a crime?
The perpetrator of a crime? Living in a neighborhood with high crime rates? Living in a neighborhood with low crime rates?

Question 73

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Criminal justice

Question 74

The approach to sanctioning convicted individuals seeks to restore the victim, the convicted person, and the community to a level of functioning that existed prior to the criminal event.

Question 75

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Environmental crime prevention

Question 76

At the core of community justice is the idea that crime does not happen in a vacuum but is created by a plethora of community issues. Based on this idea, how would you address or respond to the following crime problems in your community: vandalism, drunk driving, and domestic violence? What programs could you implement within your local community to have an effect on those who are consistently incarcerated within the correctional system?

Question 77

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Community justice

Question 78

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Collective efficacy

Question 79

List and describe the ways in which community justice differs from criminal justice in its philosophy, strategy, and programs.

Question 80

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
Restorative justice