Deck 7: Jails: Detention and Short-Term Incarceration

Question 1

Many jails hold as few as 30 people.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Overall, jail population sizes tend to be .

A) stable
B) small
C) variable
D) constant

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

To avoid the problems that result from using bail, some jurisdictions have increased their use of citations.

Question 5

Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked up until trial, regardless of their offense.

Question 6

The constant threat of civil litigation has forced jail administrators to develop and implement basic humane practices for managing incarcerated people.

Question 7

By far the most successful alternative approach to bail is being released on one's own recognizance.

Question 8

At present, most U.S. jails are in good financial and physical shape; in fact, many offer better treatment and programs than most U.S. prisons.

Question 9

Out of all of the major components of corrections, jails, and the issues surrounding their function and operation tend to be the most widely studied by academics.

Question 10

The average delay between arrest and sentencing is more than six months.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a pressure experienced by local jails?

A) The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials.
B) Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail.
C) Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 12

People who have been sentenced make up only about half of the jail population.

Question 13

Ninety percent of all people in jail are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel.

Question 14

One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically related to overcrowding.

Question 15

Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population.

Question 16

For most of those who do jail time, the process up until sentencing is the punishment.

Question 17

One of the most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV.

Question 18

Jails are the entryway to corrections.

Question 19

The central purpose of the early jail was .

A) warehousing the surplus population of immigrants
B) detention of those sentenced by the court
C) to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials
D) to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment)

Question 20

Most jails in the United States have viable rehabilitative programs.

Question 21

At least people are detained in a jail at some time during the year.

A) 2 to 3 million
B) 4 to 6 million
C) 7 to 8 million
D) 10 million

Question 22

Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor of pretrial diversion?

A) Many clients cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice system.
B) It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services.
C) It does not promote a long-term "label" on clients like most criminal justice activities.
D) It is much cheaper than criminal justice processing.

Question 23

Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly .

A) rehabilitative
B) reintegrative
C) reinforced
D) shaming

Question 24

Treatment options for people in jail are mainly limited by .

A) the amount of time spent in jail
B) the funding available for jails
C) the different needs of those in jail
D) the severity of the problems faced by those in jail

Question 25

The jail rate is highest in the .

A) East and South
B) West and South
C) West and North
D) East and North

Question 26

Jails are the the formal correctional system.

A) most valued part of
B) exitway from
C) least expensive part of
D) entry point into

Question 27

A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is .

A) alcohol detoxification within the jail setting
B) placement in a methadone maintenance program
C) a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting
D) release to an addiction treatment facility

Question 28

Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of .

A) an increase of youthful males who are committing crimes
B) overcrowding
C) lax correctional supervision
D) the selection process

Question 29

The United States has about jails.

A) 1,500
B) 2,000
C) 3,000
D) 4,000

Question 30

Local correctional workers are often .

A) overeducated
B) paid above average for the criminal justice system
C) poorly trained
D) mostly doing clerical work

Question 31

A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is .

A) a welfare system
B) a fixed rate system
C) a fee system
D) a provider system

Question 32

Which statement is NOT an argument made against the practice of preventive detention?

A) It may violate the due process provisions of the Constitution.
B) It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes.
C) It is impractical and can be potentially nefarious.
D) It is difficult to identify those individuals for whom this concept would most aptly apply.

Question 33

are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices.

A) Prisons
B) Bail processes
C) Probation
D) Jails

Question 34

Jails are administered by .

A) the state governor
B) the federal government
C) locally elected officials
D) the Department of Justice

Question 35

Almost 60 percent of America's jails clients for at least some of the medical care they receive.

A) punish
B) charge
C) turn away
D) reprimand

Question 36

Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to individuals awaiting trial.

A) treat
B) convict
C) sentence
D) release

Question 37

Which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators?

A) Quality of nutrition in prisons
B) Quality of recreational programs in prisons
C) Legal liability
D) All of these are correct

Question 38

More than half of all jail occupants are .

A) female
B) convicted of violent crimes
C) awaiting trial
D) not guilty

Question 39

Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial.

A) ties to the community
B) lack of money
C) the threat of rearrest
D) probation requirements

Question 40

In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to .

A) the penitentiary movement
B) the king's wishes
C) capitalism
D) overcrowding

Question 41

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Fee system

Question 42

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Day reporting center

Question 43

Which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today?

A) Worst paid
B) Poorly trained
C) Prior criminal history
D) Least educated

Question 44

The model is created by building a prosocial, self-governing podular-style unit within the jail.

A) restorative
B) community
C) therapeutic
D) reintegrative

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population?

A) Employed
B) Poor
C) Young
D) Black

Question 46

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Prevention detention

Question 47

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Lockup

Question 48

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Direct supervision

Question 49

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Three-quarters of all jails are operated by an elected official known as a .

Question 50

Half of all people placed in jail were under the influence of __________ or _____________ at the time of arrest.

Question 51

Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are .

A) indigent
B) middle-class
C) elderly
D) female

Question 52

A majority of incarcerated people are under 35 years old, white, low-income, and .

Question 53

Nearly of those in jail have a history of mental problems.

A) one-half
B) one-quarter
C) one-fifth
D) two-thirds

Question 54

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Bail

Question 55

Which group is the least likely to be released on recognizance?

A) African Americans
B) European nationals
C) Latinos
D) Whites

Question 56

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Pretrial diversion

Question 57

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Electronic monitoring

Question 58

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Therapeutic justice

Question 59

a. Staff has direct contact with charged individuals
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an individual
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prison resident per day
j. Fee specified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Bondsman

Question 60

One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for .

A) Latinos
B) blacks
C) immigrants
D) youths

Question 61

are facilities often referred to as "drunk tanks," which are authorized to hold people prior to court appearances and are usually managed by local municipal police agencies.

Question 62

A(n) jail is a facility with a podular architectural design and management policies that emphasize interaction with incarcerated individuals and staff and provision services.

Question 63

Discuss the concept of preventive detention. What are its intended benefits?

Question 64

Detaining the accused in jail to protect the community from possible future crimes by the accused pending trial is known as detention.

Question 65

In your own words, describe the typical demographic profile of an incarcerated person found in the United States today. What are the implications for this typical group found within U.S. jails?

Question 66

The period after arrest and detention is when most incarcerated individuals commit suicide.

Question 67

List and describe the various alternatives to bail in releasing people who have been arrested.

Question 68

In a system, jail operations are funded by a set amount paid each day by people who are being held.

Question 69

Discuss the differences between day reporting centers and electronic monitoring. What types of people should be assigned to these facilities versus electronic monitoring, and what are the positive/negative aspects of these types of monitoring?

Question 70

Jails in the United States descend directly from 12th-century feudal practices in .

Question 71

Eighty percent of the jails in the United States are operated at the level.

Question 72

justice refers to a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly rehabilitative.

Question 73

What are the possible negative effects if a state opts not to incorporate preventive detention? In your opinion, do the potential risks of not incorporating it outweigh the benefits?

Question 74

defendants often have higher appearance rates than those freed through bail.

Question 75

The primary personnel problem facing jail administrators is probably a combination of __________ and poor working conditions.

Question 76

What is pretrial diversion? List and explain the three main reasons why it tends to be supported as a practice.

Question 77

Discuss the three major issues within jail management.

Question 78

Roughly one-quarter of the occupants in U.S. jails are detainees.

Question 79

When a program increases the scope of corrections, it is said to be .

Question 80

A(n) is a facility operated under joint agreement between two or more government units.