Deck 13: Psychosocial Considerations

Question 1

Some consider that subjective interpretation is the key to understanding traumatic reactions. Given this approach, which of the following statements is true?

A) Traumatic reactions begin when an event violates a core set of beliefs.
B) Traumatic reactions persist when individuals conclude that they are no longer safe.
C) The belief that a situation is challenging a person's self-worth may cause a traumatic reaction to persist.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following have been identified as the most influential factors in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A) Lack of education
B) Reported childhood abuse
C) Lack of social support
D) Childhood adversity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What fraction of individuals experience significant emotional difficulties during the first month following a traumatic event?

A) Three-quarters
B) One-half
C) Two-thirds
D) One-third

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_________ is the first step in dealing with emotional consequences of an emergency situation.

A) Crisis intervention
B) Psychological education
C) Psychological debriefing
D) Short-term cognitive therapy
E) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following have been related to hardiness?

A) Confidence
B) Positive attitude
C) Ability to use social support
D) Active coping
E) All of the above

Question 6

Two athletes are in an accident. Both experience a physically traumatic event. Only one of the athletes is found to be experiencing psychological trauma. How is this determined?

A) The person with psychological trauma is said to have encountered a situation that causes fear.
B) The person with psychological trauma is said to have encountered a situation that causes helplessness.
C) The person with psychological trauma is said to have encountered a situation that causes horror.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 7

__________ is the ability to recover quickly from a traumatic event.

A) Reliability
B) Resiliency
C) Resolve
D) Rebounding

Question 8

Which of the following have been used to help manage stress associated with extreme events?

A) Crisis intervention
B) Psychological education
C) Psychological debriefing
D) Short-term cognitive therapy
E) All of the above

Question 9

Individuals who rate high in hardiness ___________.

A) experience less distress, because they feel as if they can have a positive influence on their surroundings
B) have a sense of commitment and purpose in their daily lives
C) believe they can learn only from positive events
D) A & B
E) B & C

Question 10

Dissociation involves __________.

A) an individual who experiences ongoing emotional numbness
B) an unexplained memory loss for events related to the trauma
C) significant flashbacks and insomnia
D) A & C
E) A & B

Question 11

Which of the following are symptoms that a person experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder will exhibit?

A) Interference in social life for more than a month
B) Interference in occupational life for more than a month
C) Nightmares and flashbacks
D) Concentration problems
E) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic that has been identified as leading to successful coping in adverse situations?

A) Hardiness
B) Self-enhancement
C) Positive emotion
D) Persistence

Question 13

Which of the following represents the psychiatric definition of trauma?

A) When a person is at serious risk for loss of life
B) When a person is at risk of lost functionality
C) When a person has experienced a significantly disruptive event
D) None of the above

Question 14

Individuals who rate high in hardiness are expected to react to trauma in a very positive manner.

Question 15

_________ describes an extreme stress reaction occurring in the first month following a traumatic experience.

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B) Acute stress disorder
C) Dissociation
D) Psychological trauma

Question 16

Every athlete who experiences or witnesses a traumatic event will automatically have significant psychological symptoms requiring treatment.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a symptom that a person experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder will exhibit?

A) Insomnia
B) Concentration problems
C) Irritability
D) Excessive desire to remember

Question 18

Identify which of the following statements are true.
I) Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder do not occur as often as once believed.
Ii) Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder are believed to be connected.
Iii) There is a negative correlation between posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.
Iv) Posttraumatic stress disorder may develop slowly over time

A) i, ii, iii, & iv
B) i, ii, & iv
C) i & iii
D) ii & iv

Question 19

Highly rated athletes tend to have higher levels of overall hardiness when compared to athletes who are less highly rated and to the general population. Highly rated athletes have also been shown to be more likely to react to stressful situations in a positive and calm manner.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Only the first statement is true.
C) Only the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 20

It has been estimated by the National Institute of Mental Health that _______ of U.S. adults experience posttraumatic stress disorder during the course of any given year.

A) 3% to 5%
B) 5% to 7%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 21

Debriefing strategies work on the principle that processing the events and reactions of a potentially traumatic event shortly after it occurs will promote adjustment in victims and prevent the development of long-term issues.

Question 22

What is the appropriate order to follow to prevent long-term difficulty following potentially traumatizing experiences?
I) Anticipate recovery and screen for coping skills
Ii) Address basic needs
Iii) Termination, referrals, and follow-up
Iv) Early intervention protocols

A) i, ii, iii, & iv
B) ii, i, iii, & iv
C) ii, i, iv, & iii
D) ii, iii, iv, & i

Question 23

Those who support the use of the critical incident stress debriefing team (CISD) identify the strengths of the program and its ability to impact which of the following areas?

A) Reduction of depression
B) Reduction of anxiety associated with the situation
C) Reduction of alcohol and drug use following traumatic experiences
D) Maintenance of high morale
E) All of the above

Question 24

Psychological debriefing originated from ____________ in the early 1980s.

A) critical incident debriefing
B) psychosocial intervention training
C) short-term cognitive therapy
D) None of the above

Question 25

The ability to have a psychological response team in place prior to an emergent situation arising will reduce the often-reactive nature of interventions.

Question 26

The use of cognitive restructuring, education about reactions to trauma, breathing and relaxation techniques, and imagery fall under which category of intervention following a traumatic experience?

A) Critical incident debriefing
B) Psychosocial intervention training
C) Cognitive behavioral therapy
D) None of the above

Question 27

If debriefing sessions are to be used, which of the following must be considered?

A) Timing
B) Number of sessions
C) Context in which sessions are framed
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following are considered external members of the psychological emergency response team?

A) Athletic trainer
B) Team physician
C) Critical incident stress debriefing team (CISD) team
D) Coaching staff

Question 29

To reduce confusion and perceived helplessness following crisis situations, __________ involves the use of brochures, media portrayals, and public seminars before and after traumatic events.

A) educational intervention
B) psychological education
C) psychological debriefing
D) short-term cognitive therapy

Question 30

Individuals involved in crisis-intervention work function like a therapist, as opposed to an empathetic consultant who is trying to reduce distress.

Question 31

Which of the following strategies might be utilized to increase the effectiveness of educational interventions?

A) Using recognizable spokespeople
B) Tailoring information to needs of survivors
C) Delivering information in formal institutional settings
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following are considered techniques associated with crisis intervention?

A) Assessing personal and interpersonal resources
B) Establishing a supportive relationship
C) Developing an understanding of the client's primary needs
D) All of the above

Question 33

The psychological emergency response team consists of all of the following internal team members except the __________.

A) athletic trainer
B) team physician
C) sports psychologist
D) coaching staff
E) counselors

Question 34

The use of cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to reduce posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) and depressive symptoms at a faster rate compared to no intervention strategy.

Question 35

Critical incident debriefing is rooted in which of the following?
I) Alleviating distress by emergency personnel who are involved in grave situations
Ii) Helping to expedite recovery from normal distress in individuals who experience abnormal situations
Iii) Helping to instill social support mechanisms

A) i, ii, & iii
B) ii & iii
C) i & ii
D) iii only