Deck 8: Environmental-Related Conditions

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a heat-related condition?

A) Heat cramps
B) Heat stroke
C) Heat exhaustion
D) Heat fatigue

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true concerning heat stroke?

A) Heat stroke is the most severe heat-related condition.
B) Heat stroke involves the breakdown of the body's thermoregulatory system.
C) Someone with heat stroke will present with hot and red skin.
D) Someone with heat stroke will be sweating profusely in an effort to cool the core temperature

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Heat exhaustion ____considered a medical emergency, _______.

A) is, because it is the precursor to heat stroke.
B) is not, because it is only the precursor to heat stroke.
C) is, because the athlete's sweating mechanism is failing.
D) is not, because the athlete's sweating mechanism is failing.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Prior to returning to participation, athletes who have suffered heat-related illnesses should _________.

A) gradually return to activity
B) gradually regain fitness
C) work to reacclimate to the weather and training conditions
D) A & B only
E) A, B, & C

Question 5

Which of the following are means of preventing heat-related injuries?

A) Acclimatize properly before the season begins.
B) Ensure appropriate fluid replacement prior to, during, and after athletic activities.
C) Minimize the amount of clothing and equipment worn by athletes during activity.
D) Adjust practice and game schedules with respect to heat and humidity factors.
E) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following are contributing factors to cold-related injuries?

A) Wind and low air temperature
B) Humidity
C) Exposed body parts not protected by clothing
D) A & C only
E) A, B, & C

Question 7

Cooling of the body and the evaporation of sweat from the skin is dependent on __________.

A) heat or air temperature
B) air humidity
C) electrolyte loss
D) electrolyte loss and air humidity
E) electrolyte loss, air humidity, and air temperature

Question 8

The body relies on which of the following to dissipate heat in an effort to maintain appropriate core body temperature?

A) Convection
B) Induction
C) Evaporation
D) Transvection
E) A & C

Question 9

Prevention of heat-related injuries should involve ___________.

A) developing guidelines for participation in hot, humid weather
B) educating athletes and coaches on recognition and care of heat illnesses
C) conducting preparticipation physicals
D) A & C only
E) A, B, & C

Question 10

Which of the following contributes to the progression or development of heat-related injury?

A) Long-duration sweating
B) Excessive sweating without fluid replacement
C) Heat generated due to muscle activity
D) A & C
E) A, B, & C

Question 11

Evaporation is the least efficient method for the body to lose excess heat.

Question 12

Which of the following are contributing factors to cold-related injuries?

A) Low air temperature
B) Humidity
C) Clothing wet from perspiration
D) A & B only
E) A, B, & C

Question 13

Which of the following is not true when considering heat cramps?

A) Caused by muscle fatigue
B) Result of rapid water and electrolyte loss
C) Lack of acclimatization
D) Irregular meals and muscle fatigue
E) All of the above

Question 14

Athletes who are inadequately clothed and exposed to low air temperatures, humidity, and wind for prolonged periods are susceptible to cold-related injuries.

Question 15

Cold-related injuries can occur, even when temperatures outside are not considered very low.

Question 16

Treatment for heat exhaustion _____________.

A) should begin immediately
B) should involve extreme cooling measures
C) should include fluid replacement
D) should begin immediately and include fluid replacement
E) Should begin immediately, include fluid replacement, and extreme cooling measures

Question 17

Treatment for someone with heat stroke should include all of the following except?

A) Gradual cooling
B) Immediate cooling
C) Immediate removal of excess clothing
D) Transport to an emergency facility following cooling

Question 18

Which of the following is not a precaution routinely taken to prevent heat-related injuries?

A) Acclimatize properly before the season begins.
B) Ensure appropriate fluid replacement only after athletic activities.
C) Minimize the amount of clothing and equipment worn by athletes during activity.
D) Adjust practice and game schedules with respect to heat and humidity factors.

Question 19

Which of the following should dictate an athlete's recovery time?

A) The weather and playing conditions
B) The severity of the heat-related illness
C) The athlete's reacclimatization
D) A & B
E) A & C

Question 20

Heat stroke ____________

A) is the most severe heat-related condition
B) involves the breakdown of the body's thermoregulatory system
C) presents with the patient sweating profusely in an effort to cool the core temperature
D) A & B
E) B & C

Question 21

Superficial frostbite ___________.

A) results in numbness and pain but no blistering
B) causes the skin to turn white, with superficial tissue hardening
C) presents with a wooden feeling, complete numbness, and blistering
D) None of the above

Question 22

During a thunderstorm storm, lightning can strike up to __________ miles away.

A) 7
B) 10
C) 12
D) 20

Question 23

If a flash-to-bang ratio is followed for lightning safety, which of the following statements is true?

A) Fifteen seconds after the flash, participants should leave the practice/playing fields.
B) Thirty seconds after the flash, participants should leave the practice/playing fields.
C) Forty-five seconds after the flash, participants should leave the practice/playing fields.
D) Seventy-five seconds after the flash, participants should leave the practice/playing fields.

Question 24

If lightning strikes an object near a victim and then jumps from the object to the victim, it is considered a _________.

A) side flash
B) direct strike
C) ground current
D) blunt injury

Question 25

An individual who feels tingling in the skin, has hairs standing on end, or hears crackling noises should ___________.

A) curl into the fetal position
B) crouch on the ground with her weight on the balls of her feet
C) lie flat on the ground
D) position herself on all fours with her head down

Question 26

Hypothermia _________.

A) can result in organ damage
B) tends to develop rapidly
C) involves the body's temperature being approximately 97.2°F
D) A & C only

Question 27

The freeze-thaw process can cause more tissue damage and can be more damaging than maintaining the frozen tissue until proper medical attention is available.

A) True
B) False
C) Cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 28

Recovery of an athlete from hypothermia _____________.

A) will require less than 2 hours
B) will require a minimum of 3 hours
C) in the majority of cases will require months of recovery time
D) will almost always involve some degree of permanent disability or tissue death.

Question 29

Gradual warming should occur __________.

A) to prevent blood rushing away from vital body organs
B) to allow blood to thaw slowly, reducing capillary rupture
C) to provide body with time to adjust to reduced core temperature
D) to ensure that lung function is not compromised during rewarming

Question 30

__________ results in freezing of the nerves, blood vessels, and body tissues due to excessive cold exposure.

A) Frostbite
B) Freezer bite
C) Hypothermia
D) Hyperthermia

Question 31

Injury from lightning can occur via five separate mechanisms. If someone is touching an object that is struck by lightning, then the person will experience a _________.

A) contact strike
B) direct strike
C) ground current
D) blunt injury

Question 32

When training at a high altitude, because of the reduced availability of oxygen, an athlete may experience which of the following?

A) Elevated heart rate during activity
B) Increases in pulmonary ventilation
C) Elevated heart rate at rest and during activity
D) B & C
E) A, B, & C

Question 33

Tissue damage experienced during frostbite is the result of ___________.

A) intracellular water freezing
B) cold-reduced blood flow
C) Both A & B

Question 34

The best way to prevent acute mountain sickness is to gradually make an ascent, allowing for acclimatization, and to avoid vigorous activity at altitude for 2 to 3 days, if the location is above 3000 m.

A) True
B) False
C) Cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 35

A patient presents with white, blue, or grayish skin, with superficial skin hard to the touch and some blistering. What condition would you suspect?

A) Frost nip
B) Superficial frostbite
C) Deep frostbite
D) Chilblains

Question 36

Someone with _________ will present with headache, light-headedness, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and nausea.

A) acute mountain sickness
B) high-altitude pulmonary edema
C) high-altitude cerebral edema
D) altitude-related nausea

Question 37

A patient presents with white waxy skin, some numbness and pain, but no blisters. What condition do you suspect?

A) Frost nip
B) Superficial frostbite
C) Deep frostbite
D) Chilblains

Question 38

Signs and symptoms of acute mountain sickness will often present within _________ hours of reaching peak ascent.

A) 1 to 2
B) 2 to 3
C) 4 to 5
D) more than 8

Question 39

The best way to rewarm the tissues of someone with frostbite is to ________.

A) rub tissues vigorously for 20 to 30 minutes
B) rub tissues gently for 20 to 30 minutes
C) submerge tissue in water at a temperature between 115°F to 125°F for 20 to 30 minutes
D) submerge tissue in water at a temperature between 98°F to 102°F for 20 to 30 minutes

Question 40

Treatment for an individual who has hypothermia involves ________.

A) gradual rewarming
B) supplying dry clothing
C) placing the athlete in a dry and warm environment
D) A & C
E) A, B, & C

Question 41

If someone is experiencing high-altitude pulmonary edema they should descend to a safe altitude immediately.

A) True
B) False
C) Cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 42

Someone with _________ will present with extreme fatigue, breathlessness at rest, severe cough with sputum, gurgling breaths, chest tightness, and cyanotic lips and fingernails.

A) acute mountain sickness
B) high-altitude pulmonary edema
C) high-altitude cerebral edema
D) altitude-related nausea

Question 43

Someone with __________ will present with confusion, changes in behavior, irrational behavior, lethargy, and ataxia.

A) acute mountain sickness
B) high-altitude pulmonary edema
C) high-altitude cerebral edema
D) altitude-related nausea

Question 44

The use of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are acceptable means of treating the symptoms of high-altitude cerebral edema.

Question 45

The use of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are acceptable means of treating the headaches associated with acute mountain sickness.

Question 46

If someone is experiencing high-altitude pulmonary edema, they should descend to a safe altitude immediately. A safe altitude is defined as __________.

A) the point where the person can breathe easily
B) the point where the person no longer experiences nausea
C) the point where the person felt well on awakening from a restful sleep
D) the point where the person's cough first started