Deck 10: The Golden Age of American Psychology

Question 1

The development of pilot training programs by psychologists during World War II represented a novel arrangement between researchers and government.This new arrangement involved

A)research at government laboratories with little oversight from university officials.
B)research at university laboratories with little direct oversight from government officials.
C)paid government positions for psychologists.
D)none of the above.

Answer 1

research at university laboratories with little direct oversight from government officials.

Question 2

As well as being a behavioral psychologist, Skinner was known as

A)a developmental psychologist.
B)a social psychologist.
C)a politician.
D)an inventor.

Answer 2

an inventor.

Question 3

The rise in popularity of psychotherapy after World War II can be attributed to

A)the need for a cure for the urban jitters.
B)the increase in levels of cultural and personal anxiety.
C)the invention of drugs such as Miltown and Valium.
D)its obvious success in countries such as Great Britain.

Answer 3

the increase in levels of cultural and personal anxiety.

Question 4

Psychologists engaged in intervention, as well as assessment, during World War II because

A)psychiatrists could not keep up with their caseloads and needed the help of psychologists.
B)a need existed to redeploy rather than discharge soldiers.
C)psychologists were well trained to do so.
D)of both a and B

Question 5

Much of Burrhus Frederic Skinner's work involved how humans and animals operate on the environment to produce consequences.He called this

A)operant conditioning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)Pavlovian conditioning.
D)learned behavior.

Question 6

The cooperative research conducted by the many VA hospitals and clinics

A)led to a change in the way disorders were described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
B)emphasized the difference between psychology and psychiatry.
C)allowed for advanced studies in the burgeoning field of psychopharmacology.
D)both a and B
E)both a and c.

Question 7

Skinner used his studies of psychology to inspire

A)new teaching methods.
B)the use of animals in the war effort.
C)advances in childcare.
D)all of the above

Question 8

The Emergency Committee in Psychology was established

A)to bring together several psychological organizations to apply psychology to the war effort.
B)to compensate for the lack of involvement of American psychiatry in the war.
C)to bring to the public's attention the usefulness of psychology in times of war.
D)to study the psychology of war and to try to use the knowledge gained to end the war.

Question 9

The Office for Strategic Services was the precursor of

A)the Central Intelligence Agency.
B)the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C)the National Security Agency.
D)the National Intelligence Council.

Question 10

Mildred Mitchell is distinctive for

A)her involvement in the National Council of Women Psychologists.
B)her involvement as 1 of 40 female psychologists in the U.S.armed forces.
C)being the only female psychologist to actually work in her field in the U.S.armed forces.
D)her contributions to the war effort.

Question 11

The consumer culture of the postwar era in the United States included trends such as

A)the movement of people to the suburbs and increased homeownership.
B)the prominence of television in the home.
C)the reliance on gadgets such as the vacuum.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 12

The Office for Strategic Services developed assessment procedures to help select men who would be

A)excellent combat soldiers.
B)suicide pilots.
C)high-ranking officials.
D)suitable for undertaking intelligence work.

Question 13

Skinner's favorite laboratory animal was

A)the rat.
B)the monkey.
C)the pigeon.
D)a human.

Question 14

The stipulation of the PhD as the credential required to practice clinical psychology came about

A)as a way for universities to cash in on the increasing number of students applying to graduate school.
B)as an attempt on the part of psychologists to compete academically with psychiatrists.
C)because of the fear that people would practice psychology without proper training and accreditation.
D)because the field of Psychology had grown so much that more training was required to cover all of the information that had been gathered.

Question 15

Unlike the tests derived from World War I, the Army General Classification Test

A)was given in smaller groups to increase comprehension of the instructions.
B)involved both mental and physical components.
C)recognized the influence of both inborn ability and educational experience.
D)was only administered to high-ranking officers.

Question 16

One of the biggest influences that the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) had on psychology was

A)to increase funding for research.
B)to establish training programs for mental health professionals.
C)to narrow the range of psychological research to health-related problems.
D)both a and B

Question 17

The National Council of Women Psychologists was formed

A)because the Emergency Committee in Psychology did not allow women to become members.
B)as the first female group of professionals aimed at furthering women in the field of Psychology.
C)in 1941, with Alice Bryan as president.
D)both a and B

Question 18

The GI Bill

A)funded the education of veterans in higher-learning institutions.
B)funded the psychological treatment of veterans returning from the war.
C)allowed female psychologists higher positions in the military.
D)funded the training of veterans in psychiatry.

Question 19

The overcrowding of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals by patients with mental disorders after World War II eventually inspired

A)a reorganization and redesign of health care facilities to accommodate the influx of veterans.
B)a reclassification of mental disorders so that those previously thought to be ill were now considered healthy.
C)nationwide outpatient clinics to deal with the mental distress of veterans.
D)psychologists to concentrate their research on war-related illnesses such as shell shock.

Question 20

The Boulder Conference gave rise to

A)increased cooperation among the American Psychological Association (APA), the VA, and the NIMH.
B)the scientist-practitioner model.
C)the scientific psychology model.
D)increased cooperation between the VA and the NIMH.

Question 21

The work of Kenneth and Mamie Clark demonstrated

A)that a person must satisfy needs for safety before needs of self-actualization.
B)that African American schoolchildren preferred dolls that resembled themselves.
C)that African American schoolchildren associated themselves and darker-colored dolls with negative attributes.
D)that White American schoolchildren preferred darker-colored dolls.

Question 22

The goal of the incident control project developed at the Commission on Community Interrelations was to

A)decrease the display of sexism in the workplace.
B)increase community involvement in local government.
C)take social psychological techniques from the laboratory into the community.
D)teach people how to intervene against a public display of racist remarks and behavior.

Question 23

Third force psychology was a response to

A)the negative outlook of alternative theories and techniques such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
B)threats of a third world war.
C)the dissatisfaction of the American public with psychology as a whole.
D)the popularity of psychology.

Question 24

The Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka case was most influential because

A)it launched the careers of Kenneth and Mamie Clark.
B)it brought attention to social psychology.
C)it started a trend in psychology of racial research.
D)it was the first time psychology was cited in a U.S.Supreme Court decision.

Question 25

Who was the first psychotherapist to empirically examine the therapy process?

A)Burrhus Frederic Skinner
B)Carl Rogers
C)Abraham Maslow
D)Clark Hull