Deck 4: States of Consciousness

Question 1

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

A) homeostasis
B) jet lag
C) night terrors
D) parasomnia

Answer 1

jet lag

Question 2

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

A) conscience
B) consciousness
C) REM sleep
D) unconsciousness

Answer 2

consciousness

Question 3

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) REM

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

A) night terrors
B) non-REM
C) NREM
D) REM

Question 5

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

A) Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken.
B) Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.
C) Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down.
D) Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

Question 6

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

A) biological
B) circadian
C) latent
D) manifest

Question 7

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

A) Sleep deprivation can result in decreased mental alertness and cognitive function.
B) Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity.
C) Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD.
D) Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms.

Question 8

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

A) chromotropes
B) chronologies
C) chronotypes
D) chromatins

Question 9

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ________ wave activity in the brain.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) delta
D) kappa

Question 10

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

A) falls asleep in the middle of the day
B) sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period
C) suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
D) suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

Question 11

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

A) Carl Jung
B) John Hobson
C) Rosalind Cartwright
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 12

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

A) Carl Jung
B) John Hobson
C) Rosalind Cartwright
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?

A) The neo-dissociationist view
B) The activation-synthesis model
C) The activation-information-mode model
D) The wish fulfillment approach

Question 14

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

A) It can result in sleeping problems.
B) It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis.
C) It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult.
D) It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse.

Question 15

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

A) lucid
B) biological
C) heterostatic
D) suprachiasmatic

Question 16

In Freud's model of dreams, the hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.

A) ego-driven
B) preconscious
C) latent
D) manifest

Question 17

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

A) cognitive behavioral
B) dependent
C) evolutionary
D) Freudian

Question 18

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

A) circadian
B) external
C) melatonin
D) diurnal

Question 19

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

A) darkness; light
B) light; darkness
C) pulsing light; steady light
D) twilight; gloom

Question 20

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

A) homeostasis
B) insomnia
C) melatonin
D) rhythm

Question 21

The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the ________ is the brain structure that controls one's own biological clock.

Question 22

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

A) insomnia
B) narcolepsy
C) night terrors
D) restless leg syndrome

Question 23

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

A) antipsychotic
B) depressant
C) hallucinogen
D) stimulant

Question 24

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

A) cognizance
B) insomnia
C) meditation
D) narcolepsy

Question 25

Mescaline is considered a(n) ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

A) depressant
B) hallucinogenic
C) opioid
D) stimulant

Question 26

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

A) physical dependence
B) psychological dependence
C) synergistic effects
D) polysubstance abuse disorder

Question 27

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________.

A) physical dependence
B) psychological dependence
C) tolerance
D) withdrawal

Question 28

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS?

A) above average birth weight
B) hyperthermia
C) premature birth
D) smoking in the home

Question 29

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnosis.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) dissociative
C) hypnotic mediation
D) social-cognitive

Question 30

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

A) can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist
B) report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized
C) usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors
D) usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Question 31

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

A) They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity.
B) They decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.
C) They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with emotions.
D) They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Question 32

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

A) crying while asleep
B) kicking and punching while asleep
C) snoring while asleep
D) talking while asleep

Question 33

High levels of sensory awareness, though, and behavior are what typify a state of consciousness called ________.

Question 34

Crack is regarded as more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

A) cheaper, so people can afford more of it
B) easier to get, so people can take more at once
C) frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals
D) smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Question 35

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

A) lucid dreaming
B) parasomnias
C) protoconsciousness
D) somnambulism

Question 36

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

A) somnambulism
B) damage to his K-complex
C) narcolepsy
D) REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 37

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

A) antipsychotic
B) depressant
C) hallucinogen
D) stimulant

Question 38

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

A) cognitive behavioral
B) dissociative
C) Jungian
D) social-cognitive

Question 39

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

A) night terrors
B) narcolepsy
C) restless leg syndrome
D) sleep apnea

Question 40

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

A) A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing.
B) An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic.
C) An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.
D) Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

Question 41

As a group, the drugs called depressants all serves an agonist for which neurotransmitter?

Question 42

What person wakes up from a dream, they may remember exactly what the story was that they were dreaming about and may able to tell someone else what they were dreaming about. This actual content of the dream is what Freud called the ________ content of the dream.

Question 43

What does SIDS stand for?