Deck 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of certain cancers than the general population.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most people in Canada would find it next to impossible to meet their protein requirements.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When amino acids are broken down for energy, they may then be incorporated by the liver into what substance?

A)bile
B)chyme
C)glucose
D)urea

Question 5

Which food item contains limited protein content?

A)kidney beans
B)yogurt
C)baked potato
D)eggs

Question 6

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.

Question 7

Children who follow a vegan diet may have slightly higher protein requirements than the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations for the general meat-eating population.

Question 8

Which of the following behaviours can help athletes achieve bigger muscles?

A)exercising rigorously
B)consuming amino acid supplements
C)ingesting creatine
D)eating excess protein from food

Question 9

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose needs of the brain.

Question 10

Some foods are so high in acid that they can make the acid in the stomach even stronger.

Question 11

Several nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Question 12

Which food item can be made into a source of textured vegetable protein?

A)legumes
B)mushrooms
C)soybeans
D)red peppers

Question 13

Protein-energy undernutrition is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

Question 14

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all offer energy, but protein also offers which of the following elements?

A)oxygen
B)hydrogen
C)nitrogen
D)carbon

Question 15

For most exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

Question 16

Starvation incurs the waste of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

Question 17

The growth of well-fed vegan children falls within normal ranges as long as they consume ample energy from food.

Question 18

Under conditions of inadequate energy or carbohydrate, protein use slows down.

Question 19

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, adults consume approximately what percentage of their total Calories from protein?

A)13
B)15
C)17
D)19

Question 20

Under special circumstances, a nonessential amino acid can become essential.

Question 21

Which of the following vitamins is typically lacking in a poorly planned vegetarian diet?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin K

Question 22

How many amino acids are considered indispensable/essential?

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)13

Question 23

Which cooking method would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein?

A)grilling
B)frying
C)boiling
D)baking

Question 24

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail?

A)dehydration
B)edema
C)diabetes
D)acidosis

Question 25

Which of the following conditions can cause denaturation of proteins?

A)size of the protein chain
B)cold temperatures
C)heat exposure
D)sunlight

Question 26

Which of the following electrolytes is concentrated inside the body's cells?

A)magnesium
B)potassium
C)sodium
D)chloride

Question 27

Which symptom would a child with marasmus exhibit?

A)dry, thin, and wrinkled skin
B)edema
C)skin lesions
D)slight weight loss

Question 28

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total Calories?

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 29

Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)?

A)soybean protein
B)pea flour
C)kidney beans
D)tuna

Question 30

Based on the body's priority system, what protein tissues are dismantled first?

A)blood
B)heart
C)kidney
D)liver

Question 31

In determining its recommendation for daily protein intake needs, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee made use of studies related to what topic?

A)mutual supplementation
B)glycemic index
C)food insecurity
D)nitrogen balance

Question 32

Which of the following components is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically?

A)enzyme
B)collagen
C)antibody
D)hormone

Question 33

What type of protein does the body's immune system need to manufacture in order to fight influenza and develop immunity?

A)antibodies
B)antigens
C)hemoglobin
D)lipoproteins

Question 34

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, a healthy adult's intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight?

A)0.5 grams per kilogram
B)0.8 grams per kilogram
C)1.0 grams per kilogram
D)1.5 grams per kilogram

Question 35

Which of the following food items provides all the essential amino acids?

A)brown rice
B)natural peanut butter
C)poached egg
D)wheat bran

Question 36

Which substance protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach?

A)saliva
B)mucus
C)enzymes
D)antibodies

Question 37

Which term refers to the chronic Calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat?

A)kwashiorkor
B)marasmus
C)dysentery
D)protein-Calorie malnutrition

Question 38

For which of the following vitamins is the amino acid tryptophan the starting material?

A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)folate
D)vitamin C

Question 39

What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule?

A)gender
B)body size
C)age
D)heredity

Question 40

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes which of the following factors into account?

A)the quality of food protein
B)the length of time for the protein to break down
C)how well the protein supports weight gain
D)the number of amino acids in a food

Question 41

The DRI committee recommends that iron intake for vegetarians be adjusted upward by what amount in comparison to the general population?

A)1.4
B)1.6
C)1.8
D)2.0

Question 42

Which part of the body absorbs single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides?

A)colon
B)gallbladder
C)stomach
D)small intestine

Question 43

Which food category provides amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body?

A)legumes
B)animal proteins
C)vegetables
D)grains

Question 44

How much protein per meal is needed to stimulate protein synthesis?

A)5-10 grams
B)10-15 grams
C)15-20 grams
D)20-25 grams

Question 45

From which of the following essential amino acids does the body make tyrosine?

A)lysine
B)threonine
C)leucine
D)phenylalanine

Question 46

Which statement best describes the impact that protein consumption has on the body?

A)Animal-based protein diets help to lower the risk for hypertension.
B)A lacto-ovo vegetarian diet poses a challenge during critical times of life.
C)High intakes of poultry and fish increase risk for colon cancer.
D)Body weight increases as meat consumption increases.

Question 47

Which term refers to an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea, which further depletes minerals from the body?

A)dysentery
B)dehydration
C)diphtheria
D)dyspepsia

Question 48

Which vitamin is provided by meat but is insufficient in plant-based diets?

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)vitamin A
C)riboflavin
D)vitamin D

Question 49

Which situation is an example of wasting amino acids?

A)overconsumption of dietary fibre
B)overabundance of protein intake
C)dietary protein choices are high quality
D)excess overall energy intake

Question 50

Which amino acid is responsible for the production of the brown pigment known as melanin?

A)proline
B)cysteine
C)tyrosine
D)glutamine

Question 51

Which food item is considered a source of vitamin B₁₂ but may also contribute to toxic levels of iodine in the body?

A)tofu
B)mushrooms
C)seaweed
D)bean sprouts

Question 52

Which type of vegetarian diet can result in malnutrition and even death?

A)macrobiotic diet
B)fruitarian diet
C)partial vegetarian diet
D)vegan diet

Question 53

Which of the following health conditions is a hereditary amino acid disorder?

A)sickle cell disease
B)hemophilia
C)kwashiorkor
D)diabetes

Question 54

Which group of people is susceptible to losing more nitrogen than they are taking in?

A)lactating women
B)growing children
C)surgery patients
D)pregnant women

Question 55

What was the most consumed protein source by Canadians in 2015?

A)eggs
B)dairy products
C)poultry
D)red meat

Question 56

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein depends on which of the following factors?

A)gender
B)body weight
C)food source
D)height

Question 57

Animal proteins provide more of which nutrient in comparison to plant-based proteins?

A)complex carbohydrate
B)water-soluble vitamins
C)nonessential amino acids
D)saturated fat

Question 58

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

A)The metal taste of the poison is removed by consuming milk.
B)Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison safely.
C)Calcium in milk will render the poison harmless from damaging the body.
D)The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on protein tissues of the body.

Question 59

Which term best describes an individual who excludes poultry meat from the diet?

A)a pollo-vegetarian
B)an ovo-vegetarian
C)a lacto-vegetarian
D)a pesco-vegetarian

Question 60

What does protein turnover mean for the body?

A)maintaining electrolyte balance
B)building antibodies
C)ingesting protein-rich foods
D)replacing worn-out cells

Question 61

What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid-base balance in the blood?

A)hormones
B)buffers
C)electrolytes
D)enzymes

Question 62

Purified sources of protein cause which nutrient to be spilled from the urine?

A)phosphorus
B)sodium
C)calcium
D)magnesium

Question 63

Which food plant is so efficient at trapping nitrogen in soil that farmers often use this crop to fertilize fields?

A)potato
B)corn
C)quinoa
D)soybean

Question 64

Which of the following amino acids is considered conditionally indispensable?

A)glutamine
B)valine
C)tryptophan
D)alanine

Question 65

Which vitamin assists with the absorption of iron from plant-based foods?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin E
D)niacin

Question 66

Which symptom is representative of kwashiorkor disease?

A)enlarged, fatty liver
B)normal or impaired appetite
C)severe weight loss
D)impaired protein absorption

Question 67

Which of the following meals is an example of mutual supplementation?

A)oatmeal with brown sugar
B)rice and black-eyed peas
C)roast chicken and ribs
D)cheese omelette

Question 68

What medical condition results from an excess of acid in the blood?

A)alkalinity
B)alkalosis
C)acidosis
D)acid-base imbalance

Question 69

What is the name for the large globular protein molecule packed inside red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body?

A)homocysteine
B)oxydologen
C)transferrin
D)hemoglobin

Question 70

What accounts for the differences between amino acids?

A)the side chain
B)the nitrogen chain
C)the acid group
D)the amine group

Question 71

In North America, which of the following groups has a high rate of protein-energy malnutrition?

A)school children
B)AIDS patients
C)bulimia nervosa sufferers
D)adults with kidney disease

Question 72

What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein?

A)sulphate
B)denatured
C)acidic
D)peptide

Question 73

Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth?

A)insulin
B)collagen
C)enzymes
D)hemoglobin

Question 74

According to the Vegetarian Food Guide Rainbow, what constitutes one serving of cooked beans, peas, or lentils?

A)1/2 cup (125 mL)
B)1 cup (250 mL)
C)1 1/2 cups (375 mL)
D)2 cups (500 mL)

Question 75

Which term best describes an individual who excludes animal flesh, seafood, and eggs, but who consumes dairy products, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts?

A)vegan
B)lacto-vegetarian
C)fruitarian
D)ovo-vegetarian

Question 76

Your friend avoids acidic foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach. What information would you give her in response to that belief?

A)Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach.
B)She needs to see her doctor about producing more mucus to line her stomach.
C)The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job.
D)No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

Question 77

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds?

A)34 grams
B)49 grams
C)65 grams
D)144 grams

Question 78

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk of harm from taking self-prescribed amino acid supplements?

A)all smokers
B)a middle-aged man
C)a post-menopause woman
D)a male university student

Question 79

Why might vegetarians be expected to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians?

Question 80

What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids?

A)converts them to glycogen or fat
B)removes them and excretes their acid groups
C)makes excess nitrogen
D)stores them until they are needed