Deck 13: Life Cycle Nutrition: Mother and Infant

Question 1

For normal-weight women, the ideal pattern of weight gain after the first trimester is 1.5 kilograms per week.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A sudden, large weight gain during pregnancy is expected for healthy fetal growth.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Children with the highest carbohydrate intakes, with the exception of added sugars, are leaner than other children.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The two weeks following fertilization are considered a critical period developmentally for the zygote.

Question 5

Which message would be most effective at reducing the likelihood of a child starting or quitting smoking?

A)"Your risk for lung cancer will increase as you age."
B)"You will experience shortness of breath when playing sports."
C)"Half of you will die from smoking-related causes."
D)"You will eventually need medication to help manage heart disease."

Question 6

Physical activity during pregnancy can improve fitness, facilitate labour, and reduce psychological stress.

Question 7

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 10 times more likely to die in the first year of life than a normal-weight baby.

Question 8

Which food item should be introduced first when starting to feed a baby solid food?

A)iron-fortified rice cereal
B)egg white
C)citrus fruit juice
D)mashed vegetables

Question 9

Health Canada and the Canadian Paediatric Society state that: "The prudent choice for women who are or may become pregnant is to abstain from alcohol consumption."

Question 10

Approximately how many millilitres of milk a day does a nursing mother produce?

A)300 millilitres
B)450 millilitres
C)600 millilitres
D)750 millilitres

Question 11

All pregnant women should be assessed for gestational diabetes risk within 16 weeks' gestation.

Question 12

During pregnancy, the recommended carbohydrate intake is between 135 and 175 grams per day.

Question 13

Vitamin B₁₂ fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.

Question 14

The weight that pregnant women put on is nearly all fatty tissue.

Question 15

Children today are heavier than children of the same age were 30 or so years ago.

Question 16

Which nutrient do all pregnant women need in generous amounts to conserve their protein and to provide energy?

A)fats
B)carbohydrates
C)proteins
D)vitamins

Question 17

Before fertilization, alcohol can damage the sperm in the father-to-be, leading to abnormalities in the child.

Question 18

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation for calcium intake is the same for both non-pregnant and pregnant women in the same age group.

Question 19

A woman's poor nutrition during early pregnancy could affect her grandchildren.

Question 20

Which of the following risks is associated with teenage pregnancy?

A)high-birthweight infant
B)gestational diabetes
C)high cholesterol
D)infant mortality

Question 21

What is the reason for a pregnant woman's increased need for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A)fetal blood cell development
B)fetal lung development
C)fetal kidney development
D)fetal brain development

Question 22

When can cow's milk safely be introduced into the infant's diet?

A)prior to four months of age
B)any time after six months of age
C)at nine months of age
D)after twelve months of age

Question 23

In addition to the heart, which of the baby's organs is affected by early malnutrition in the mother?

A)kidneys
B)brain
C)stomach
D)lungs

Question 24

By what age is it desirable to begin feeding iron-fortified cereals to an infant?

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)9 months
D)12 months

Question 25

How many Calories per kilogram of body weight per day are required for a 12 kg by infants?

A)500 Calories
B)750 Calories
C)1200 Calories
D)1500 Calories

Question 26

A non-pregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. How many grams would she need if she became pregnant?

A)71 grams
B)94 grams
C)156 grams
D)215 grams

Question 27

Which of the following conditions is more likely to occur later in life for an infant born less than 2,500 grams (5½ lb)?

A)elevated LDL cholesterol
B)increased blood pressure
C)lower adult IQ
D)reduced fertility rates

Question 28

If growth and development are normal for a baby born weighing four kilograms, how much will the baby weigh at one year of age?

A)6 kilograms
B)8 kilograms
C)10 kilograms
D)12 kilograms

Question 29

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome may display which of the following typical facial characteristics?

A)drooping eyelids
B)widened forehead
C)overdeveloped jaw
D)enlarged head

Question 30

Which consideration should govern the addition of solid foods to a baby's diet?

A)the quality of milk produced by the mother
B)how often the baby cries for food
C)the baby's physical readiness
D)the baby's age

Question 31

Why is formula feeding over breastfeeding often fatal in developing nations?

A)Mothers are unable to determine how to feed baby on demand.
B)Clean water may not be available for safe formula preparation.
C)Additives in formulas create major health complications in the infant.
D)Breastmilk of the malnourished mother is insufficient to support newborn growth.

Question 32

Which statement best describes the nutrient content of breast milk?

A)It has poor lactoferrin content.
B)Its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin.
C)It has poor vitamin C content.
D)Its carbohydrate is primarily glucose.

Question 33

Which item might a pregnant woman crave if she is deficient in iron, zinc, or other nutrients?

A)spinach
B)ice
C)pickles
D)beer

Question 34

Pregnant women who smoke tend to have lower intakes of which of the following nutrients?

A)fat
B)calcium
C)folate
D)protein

Question 35

Which dietary approach is appropriate for children who are found to have high blood lipids?

A)Limit food portion sizes and fluid intake.
B)Consume a diet with 20-30 percent energy from fat.
C)Reduce sodium and grain consumption.
D)Restrict saturated and trans fat consumption.

Question 36

Which of the following behaviours should be avoided during pregnancy?

A)exercising
B)dieting
C)eating fish
D)drinking caffeine

Question 37

Which of the following foods is safe and appropriate to offer a six-month-old infant?

A)pureed meat
B)whole milk
C)fruit yogurt
D)whole cooked egg

Question 38

How many additional Calories per day does a pregnant woman require during the second trimester?

A)250 more in the second trimester
B)340 more in the second trimester
C)450 more in the second trimester
D)500 more in the second trimester

Question 39

Which term refers to the pre-milk substance formed during the first two or three days of lactation?

A)foremilk
B)hindmilk
C)colostrum
D)final milk

Question 40

Which of the following methods should be used to relieve constipation during pregnancy?

A)Limit exercise.
B)Consume a high-fat diet.
C)Drink lots of water.
D)Take laxatives.

Question 41

Which nutrient is provided in a greater supply in mature human milk over fortified infant formula?

A)vitamin A
B)protein
C)niacin
D)iron

Question 42

Which term refers to the stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of the infant?

A)ovum
B)embryo
C)zygote
D)fetus

Question 43

Which factor predicts excessive weight gain during childhood and more than doubles the chance that a young child will become an obese adult?

A)parental obesity
B)dietary intake
C)cultural background
D)physical inactivity

Question 44

Which nutrient supplement is required by both breastfed and formula-fed infants after six months of age if their water supply is severely deficient in this nutrient?

A)vitamin C
B)iron
C)zinc
D)fluoride

Question 45

Which term refers to the point in time when the zygote becomes embedded in the uterine wall?

A)gestation
B)conception
C)critical period
D)implantation

Question 46

Which nutrient is associated with a reduced risk of neural tube defects?

A)zinc
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin B₆
D)folate

Question 47

Which of the following factors represents a risk for developing gestational diabetes?

A)alcohol consumption
B)European descent
C)smoking
D)obesity

Question 48

Which physical activity offers advantages over other activities during pregnancy?

A)rowing
B)jogging
C)baseball
D)swimming

Question 49

Approximately how many Calories a day should a mom consume during lactation, if she consumed 1,500 Calories daily before she became pregnant?

A)1,830 Calories
B)1,950 Calories
C)2,125 Calories
D)2,250 Calories

Question 50

Which condition is one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?

A)hypotension
B)edema
C)sugar in the urine
D)convulsions

Question 51

Which food is a rich source of natural folate?

A)frozen waffles
B)cooked rice
C)white bread
D)orange juice

Question 52

Which physical activity is considered safe for pregnant women?

A)rowing
B)baseball
C)hockey
D)scuba diving

Question 53

A high-birthweight infant may result from which of the following situations that occurred during pregnancy?

A)overnutrition
B)chronic anemia
C)food poisoning
D)alcohol consumption

Question 54

Overweight children with what condition are most likely to have parents who will develop heart disease early?

A)high blood pressure
B)high sodium levels
C)high blood cholesterol
D)high blood sugar

Question 55

Most babies are born with enough of what nutrient in their livers to last about half a year?

A)fluoride
B)vitamin D
C)iron
D)calcium

Question 56

What can cause a woman to crave non-nutritious substances during pregnancy?

A)a nutrient-poor diet
B)maternal hormones
C)physiological adaptation
D)bulimia nervosa

Question 57

During pregnancy, what is the main factor responsible for low birthweight babies?

A)alcohol consumption
B)poor nutrition
C)drug use
D)smoking

Question 58

Which of the following characteristics is typical of an estimated 85 percent of children with type 2 diabetes?

A)Asian ancestry
B)cigarette smoker
C)physically active
D)obesity

Question 59

Approximately how many kilograms in total weight gain during the first three months of pregnancy is thought to be ideal for the normal-weight woman?

A)1.0 kilograms
B)1.5 kilograms
C)2.0 kilograms
D)2.5 kilograms

Question 60

How can a pregnant woman alleviate the nausea of pregnancy?

A)Eliminate foods with offensive odours.
B)Drink citrus juices and tea.
C)Eat toast with jam and peanut butter.
D)Consume only three meals a day.

Question 61

Which maternal factor is crucial in determining whether a mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?

A)prepregnancy weight
B)age during pregnancy
C)prepregnancy nutrition
D)use of vitamin supplements

Question 62

Which nutrient is given to an infant at birth in order to prevent bleeding?

A)vitamin D
B)iron
C)folate
D)vitamin K

Question 63

A non-pregnant woman requires 1,600 Calories per day to maintain her desirable body weight. How many Calories would she need if she were in the third trimester of pregnancy?

A)1,900 Calories
B)1,940 Calories
C)2,050 Calories
D)2,125 Calories

Question 64

Which over-the-counter medicinal drug carries an additional warning regarding its usage during pregnancy?

A)laxatives
B)aspirin
C)antacids
D)sinus medication

Question 65

Which nutrient requires the greatest attention for the infant at six months of age?

A)vitamin K
B)folate
C)iron
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 66

Which beverage is the best choice for dense bones, adequate nutrients, and perhaps even lean body composition in school-aged children?

A)plain cool water
B)sugar-free sports drinks
C)low-fat 2% milk
D)unsweetened juices

Question 67

Which issue may arise as a consequence of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation?

A)inability to breastfeed
B)poor quality of breast milk
C)reduced quantity of breast milk
D)maternal dehydration

Question 68

Which food item is of minimal choking risk for young children?

A)marshmallows
B)popcorn
C)nuts
D)eggs

Question 69

Which mineral is in great demand during pregnancy because it is involved in building bones and teeth?

A)iron
B)phosphorus
C)folate
D)zinc

Question 70

Which nutrient is one of the most important dietary needs for infants?

A)fat
B)water
C)riboflavin
D)calcium

Question 71

Which recommendation would you suggest to prevent heartburn during pregnancy?

A)Drink liquids with meals.
B)Eat less frequently.
C)Avoid greasy foods.
D)Lie down after eating.

Question 72

Which of the following foods contains vitamin B₁₂?

A)eggs
B)spinach
C)legumes
D)whole-grain bread

Question 73

Why is iron so important for the mother during pregnancy?

A)Her iron needs have priority over the fetus.
B)Her body begins to poorly absorb iron.
C)The body needs extra for fetus brain development.
D)The fetus draws heavily from her stores.

Question 74

According to one estimate, in overweight children the risk of obesity increases by what percentage with each sugary drink consumed daily?

A)25
B)30
C)45
D)60

Question 75

According to current science, which approach would best address childhood hypertension?

A)removing salt from the diet
B)limiting intake of caffeine containing foods
C)prescribing anti-hypertension medications
D)encouraging higher fibre grains

Question 76

A pregnant vegetarian who does not consume meat, fish, poultry, or animal products, such as dairy foods or eggs, is at risk for developing a deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

A)vitamin C
B)magnesium
C)folate
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 77

Which of the infant's organs is most likely to be affected by malnutrition late in pregnancy?

A)lungs
B)brain
C)heart
D)stomach

Question 78

Which strategy is recommended to encourage eating habits that will support normal weight gain as a child grows?

A)ensuring a child consumes every food item on their plate
B)providing low-fat milk when a child cries for thirst
C)giving non-food rewards for special moments that occur
D)giving a tasty treat when a child needs comfort from unhappiness

Question 79

Health Canada recommends that all breast-fed, healthy term infants receive which vitamin supplement daily?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E

Question 80

A pregnant woman weighs 132 pounds and is at a normal weight for her height. How much should she ideally weigh at the end of her pregnancy?

A)142-152 pounds
B)147-154 pounds
C)157-167 pounds
D)169-176 pounds