Deck 15: Establishing Job-Relatedness: Validation

Question 1

Variable X is called the criterion variable and represents the performance criterion.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Predictive validation is a means of establishing criterion-related validity.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Content validity is demonstrated by empirical data proving a selection procedure is predictive of the important elements of the job in question.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

It is possible that the results of a concurrent validation may be biased because of the sample.

Question 5

An overriding factor in deciding to use construct validation is the availability of an individual with psychometric skills and expertise needed for this level of analysis.

Question 6

Both credit and background checks are important in avoiding negligent hiring charges.

Question 7

A strong negative correlation means that a change in the score of X indicates commensurate change in the score Y in the opposite direction.

Question 8

The EEOC advocates the use of tests of significance.

Question 9

Under predictive validation the correlation coefficients between test and performance are determined by administering the test to current employees.

Question 10

Criminal background checks could possibly have a disparate impact on ethnic groups.

Question 11

The EEOC considers all criteria used in making employment decisions to be "tests."

Question 12

Requiring a secretary to type a letter on a personal computer using a specific word-processing package would be a selection criterion with construct validity.

Question 13

Performance appraisals known as graphic rating scales may be particularly susceptible to a high degree of subjectivity.

Question 14

Language proficiency tests can only be used to test English.

Question 15

While often confused, cognitive tests are distinctly different from cognitive ability tests.

Question 16

A problem with integrity tests is their propensity to being manipulated by the test-taker.

Question 17

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is a parametric statistic.

Question 18

The complaining party can offer evidence that there are other employment practices that would accomplish the same objective as a challenged employment practice, but would have less disparate impact on a protected class.

Question 19

Of the different validation methods, construct validity is probably the most complicated.

Question 20

Tests of significance help reduce the likelihood that the correlations are merely a random error.

Question 21

The EEOC considers all criteria used in making employment decisions to be:

A)illegal
B)valid
C)discriminatory
D)tests

Question 22

An overriding factor in deciding to use construct validation is the availability of personnel with a high level of expertise in this type of statistical analysis.

A)construct validation
B)concurrent validation
C)content validity
D)all of the above

Question 23

Which is closely tied to a personality test?

A)honesty and integrity test
B)cognitive test
C)background check
D)none of the above

Question 24

In the absence of __________, the employer is unlikely to succeed with the validation of the selection requirement.

A)conciliation
B)disparate impact
C)job analysis
D)qualified privilege

Question 25

In the United States, language proficiency tests are limited to testing one's ability to speak:

A)English
B)Spanish
C)either of the above
D)any language, as they are not limited to certain languages

Question 26

In conducting criterion-related validation between the predictor of performance and the actual performance, what two means of data collection are available to HR professionals?

A)concurrent validation and content validation
B)concurrent validation and predictive validation
C)content validation and construct validity
D)construct validity and predictive validation

Question 27

These tests may measure hand-eye-coordination.

A)personality tests
B)cognitive tests
C)physical ability tests
D)language proficiency tests

Question 28

Test scores have __________ if they are an accurate predictor of job performance.

A)concurrent validation
B)construct validity
C)criterion-related validity
D)content validity

Question 29

Which is a means by which the relationship between candidate qualifications and successful job performance is evaluated?

A)validation
B)conciliation
C)vesting
D)utilization analysis

Question 30

The term business necessity is synonymous with:

A)reliability
B)job related
C)adverse impact
D)disparate impact

Question 31

__________ attempt to assess traits which predict the candidate's predispositions to react in a given way to environmental stimuli.

A)Personality tests
B)Cognitive tests
C)Physical ability tests
D)Language proficiency tests

Question 32

If an employer can prove that a candidate who lacks the requisite education is unlikely to perform the essential TDR, then the education requirement is __________.

A)a business necessity
B)job related
C)A or B
D)neither A nor B is correct

Question 33

As defined, construct validity is really __________ validation studies.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 34

Which is not a type of validation study recognized by the EEOC?

A)content validity
B)competency-based validity
C)construct validity
D)criterion-related validity

Question 35

Which type of validation study is the most appropriate method for jobs which are physical in nature and have observable activities?

A)content validity
B)competency-based validity
C)construct validity
D)criterion-related validity

Question 36

According to the EEOC's Uniform Guidelines, which of the following requirements for a job would constitute a test?

A)two-year college degree
B)score of 21 on the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability exam
C)a height of no less than 73"
D)all of the above

Question 37

Which of the following is a good example of content validation?

A)asking a candidate to take a test, and using that score to determine job knowledge
B)asking a firefighter candidate to cook a meal in less than 30 minutes
C)having an applicant for a welder's position complete a series of welds
D)none of the above

Question 38

These tests generally result in disparate impact for several ethnic groups.

A)criminal background checks
B)credit checks
C)both of the above
D)neither of the above

Question 39

__________ involves having the applicant perform a "fair sample" of the work required to be performed in the job in question.

A)Countervailing statistics
B)Construct validity
C)Concurrent validation
D)Content validity

Question 40

These are useful in assessing the individual's ability to process information quickly and accurately.

A)personality tests
B)cognitive ability tests
C)physical ability tests
D)language proficiency tests

Question 41

Identify and explain the purpose of eight different employment tests that are recognized by the EEOC.

Question 42

If an employer establishes an employment practice as a business necessity, describe the complaining party's last opportunity for a rebuttal.

Question 43

A __________is useless to an employer if it cannot be shown to accurately measure the essential functions of the job it alleges to evaluate.

A)job specification
B)qualified privilege
C)job description
D)performance appraisal

Question 44

When __________ is used, the test is given to applicants rather than current employees.

A)content validation
B)concurrent validation
C)construct validity
D)predictive validation

Question 45

When would a "test" be considered to be validated?

A)if a moderate to strong correlation was produced
B)if a moderate to weak correlation was produced
C)if a very weak correlation was produced
D)none of the above

Question 46

Pearson's r assumes that the variables being assessed are:

A)normally distributed
B)randomly distributed
C)weakly correlated
D)strongly correlated

Question 47

Using Pearson's r, the closer the correlation coefficient approaches _____, the weaker the relationship.

A)-1
B)+1
C)0
D)None of the above

Question 48

A test of significance is a means by which one can assess the probability of a __________.

A)type I error
B)type II error
C)type III error
D)type IV error

Question 49

Describe the three methods for conducting a validation study.

Question 50

Which is a negative aspect of using concurrent validation?

A)most expensive method
B)extremely time consuming
C)results can be biased
D)all of the above

Question 51

How well the independent variable predicts a change in the dependent variable is a matter of:

A)triviality
B)magnitude
C)remand
D)strict scrutiny

Question 52

Which of the following would not give an employer a defense if his or her performance appraisal was challenged?

A)Employee rated only on specific job dimensions
B)Raters assessed for validity
C)Raters assessed for reliabilty
D)Single rater performance appraisal

Question 53

If a large increase in values of X tends to be associated with a large decrease in the values of Y, the correlation would be:

A)uncorrelated
B)strong negative
C)strong positive
D)weak negative