Deck 7: The Head by Region

Question 1

The primary muscle of the cheek is the ___________________.

A) levator labii superioris
B) buccinator
C) orbicularis oculi
D) mentalis
E) orbicularis oris

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Buccinator. The buccinator is the primary muscle of the cheek. It presses the cheek against the vestibular surfaces of the molar teeth.

Question 2

The _________ nerve exits from the skull through the stylomastoid foramen at the base of the skull and has five main groups of branches, including temporal branches, zygomatic branches, and buccal branches.

A) optic
B) olfactory
C) cranial
D) facial
E) frontal

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Facial. The facial nerve exits from the skull through the stylomastoid foramen at the base of the skull. It enters the parotid gland and breaks up into five main groups of branches that radiate from the gland to various areas of the face.

Question 3

The entire blood supply of the face is derived from either the internal or external _______ arteries.

A) carotid
B) ophthalmic
C) nasal
D) aortic
E) lacrimal

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Carotid. The entire blood supply of the face is derived from either the internal or external carotid arteries.

Question 4

The trigeminal nerve is cranial nerve V (CN V). The maxillary and mandibular nerves are branches of cranial nerve V, such that ______________.

A) maxillary: CN V-2; mandibular: CN V-4
B) maxillary: CN V-1; mandibular: CN V-4
C) maxillary: CN V-2; mandibular: CN V-3
D) maxillary: CN V-3; mandibular: CN V-1
E) maxillary: CN V-2; mandibular: CN V-1

Question 5

The three layers of the meninges of the brain are the __________________________.

A) external mater, intermediate mater, and internal mater
B) posterior mater, internal mater, and intermediate mater
C) vertical, horizontal, and internal
D) dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
E) dura mater, internal mater, and external mater

Question 6

The inferior and superior _________ arteries provide blood supply to the lower and upper lips.

A) facial
B) labial
C) buccal
D) zygomatic
E) supratrochlear

Question 7

The ___________ is the only muscle that does not originate from the tendinous ring. It turns the eyeball superiorly and laterally and is supplied by a branch of the oculomotor nerve.

A) medial rectus
B) superior rectus
C) lateral rectus
D) superior oblique
E) inferior oblique

Question 8

The primary function of facial muscles is to _________________________________.

A) perform as a dilator for orifices
B) perform as a sphincter for orifices
C) move overlying skin to provide facial expression
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 9

The ________ is a small, crescent midline fold interposed between the right and left cerebellar hemispheres.

A) pia mater
B) tentorium cerebelli
C) falx cerebelli
D) falx cerebri
E) dura mater

Question 10

Four large arteries form an arterial circle (also known as the circle of Willis) around the base of the brain. These arteries are the __________________________.

A) right and left cerebral arteries and right and left basilar arteries
B) right and left internal carotid arteries and right and left vertebral arteries
C) inferior and superior vertebral arteries and right and left basilar arteries
D) aorta, cerebral artery, and right and left basilar arteries
E) none of the above

Question 11

The thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the hypophysis cerebri are four functional areas of the _______________________________.

A) midbrain
B) metencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) telencephalon
E) diencephalon

Question 12

Blood return from the brain flows to special channels in the skull called ________, which contain no valves and do not have regular venous walls.

A) jugular foramina
B) venous mater
C) arachnoid granulations
D) venous sinuses
E) meningeal spaces

Question 13

The five components of the brain are the _________________.

A) foramen, mastoid, pons, telencephalon, and diencephalon
B) telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and cerebellum
C) encephalon, cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, pons, and cerebellum
D) telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon
E) medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diencephalon, and metencephalon

Question 14

A discrete layer of deep fascia of the face is found in the ____________________.

A) cheeks and scalp behind the bony orbit
B) forehead only
C) external nose
D) chin and cheeks
E) none of the above

Question 15

The eyeball and the optic nerve are the primary structures in the _____________.

A) middle cranial space
B) temporal fossa
C) anterior cranial fossa
D) Orbit
E) maxillary sinus

Question 16

Speech and language are controlled by which two separate but connected areas in the brain?

A) Broca's area and Wernicke's area
B) Calcarine sulcus and Broca's area
C) Calcarine sulcus and Wernicke's area
D) Association area and Broca's area
E) Motor speech area and Broca's area

Question 17

The primary muscle of the lips is the ______________ muscle, which also is the sphincter of the mouth.

A) orbicularis oris
B) buccinator
C) depressor labii inferioris
D) mentalis
E) procerus

Question 18

The ________ nerve divides into a superior and inferior division that supplies all of the extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles.

A) frontal
B) optic
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear
E) abducens

Question 19

The nerve supply of the face is derived principally from which of the following?

A) Maxillary nerve
B) Infraorbital nerve
C) Mandibular nerve
D) Trigeminal nerve
E) Ophthalmic nerve

Question 20

The muscle that originates from the superior position of the tendinous ring and primarily turns the eyeball upward is the ___________________________.

A) medial rectus
B) superior rectus
C) lateral rectus
D) superior oblique
E) inferior oblique

Question 21

The position of the mandible in which freeway space is closed and the teeth come into maximal contact in the midline is referred to as _________________.

A) rest position
B) chewing position
C) centric occlusion
D) stable occlusion
E) temporal occlusion

Question 22

The _____________ marks the injection site for local anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve.

A) labial frenula
B) mucolabial fold
C) coronoid notch
D) external oblique ridge
E) retromolar fossa

Question 23

The __________ nerve is the second of three large divisions to arise from the trigeminal ganglion within the middle cranial fossa. It follows a complicated course through four regions of the head and gives rise to sensory branches as it passes through each region.

A) zygomatic
B) buccal
C) maxillary
D) greater palatine
E) labial

Question 24

The oral cavity consists of which two areas?

A) Anterior cavity and posterior cavity
B) Oral cavity proper and posterior cavity
C) Vestibule and oral cavity proper
D) Vestibule and posterior cavity
E) Gingiva and oral cavity proper

Question 25

The ________ nerve branches from the inferior alveolar nerve and passes to the face through the mental foramen. It sends branches to supply the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip, the skin of the chin, and the vestibular gingiva of the mandibular incisors.

A) mylohyoid
B) mental
C) chorda tympani
D) lingual
E) buccal

Question 26

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint is provided primarily by the _____ nerve.

A) temporalis
B) auriculotemporal
C) lingual
D) buccal
E) mental

Question 27

Which of the following are muscles of mastication?

A) Masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid
B) Masseter, temporalis, and mental
C) Uvular, temporalis, and palatoglossus
D) Levator veli palatini, mental, and temporalis
E) Masseter, pterygoid, and levator veli palatini

Question 28

The largest, and perhaps most troublesome, of the paranasal air sinuses are the _____ sinuses.

A) ethmoid
B) frontal
C) sphenoidal
D) maxillary
E) superior

Question 29

Which of the following is an accurate description of how the eye focuses?

A) For faraway objects, the elastic suspensory ligament holds the lens taut, thus flattening the lens. For nearby objects, the eyeballs turn inward, the pupillae muscle lets less light enter the eyeball, and the suspensory ligament loosens to allow the lens to relax and assume its normal shape.
B) For faraway objects, the elastic suspensory ligament loosens the lens, thus allowing the lens to assume its normal shape. For nearby objects, the eyeballs turn inward, the pupillae muscle lets less light enter the eyeball, and the suspensory ligament tightens to flatten the lens.
C) For faraway objects, the elastic suspensory ligament holds the lens taut, thus flattening the lens. For nearby objects, the eyeballs turn outward, the pupillae muscle lets more light enter the eyeball, and the suspensory ligament loosens to allow the lens to relax and assume its normal shape.
D) For faraway objects, the elastic suspensory ligament loosens the lens, thus allowing the lens to assume its normal shape. For nearby objects, the eyeballs turn outward, the pupillae muscle lets less light enter the eyeball, and the suspensory ligament becomes taught, thus flattening the lens.
E) For faraway objects, the elastic suspensory ligament holds the lens taut, thus flattening the lens. For nearby objects, the eyeballs turn inward, the pupillae muscle lets more light enter the eyeball, and the suspensory ligament loosens to allow the lens to relax and assume its normal shape.

Question 30

The midline partition of bone and cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into right and left portions is the _______________________.

A) nares
B) hard palate
C) maxillary sinus
D) paranasal sinus
E) septum

Question 31

The floor of the nasal cavity is the _______________________.

A) nasal cartilages
B) hard palate
C) frontal bone
D) sphenoid bone
E) ethmoid bone

Question 32

The last branch to arise from the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa is the _____________ nerve. It descends along the infratemporal surface of the maxilla, and its branches enter the maxillary sinus.

A) labial
B) intracranial
C) zygomatic
D) posterior superior alveolar
E) anterior superior alveolar

Question 33

The ________ is the firm, smooth, fibrous outer covering of the posterior five sixths of the eyeball.

A) cornea
B) sclera
C) vascular coat
D) iris
E) ciliary body

Question 34

The functions of the nose and nasal cavity are respiration, olfaction, filtration, reception of secretions from paranasal air sinuses, and __________________.

A) vocalization
B) humidification of inspired air
C) reception of secretions from the nasolacrimal duct of the orbit
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C

Question 35

Articulation of the temporomandibular joint takes place in which of the following two areas?

A) Between the maxillary and mandibular teeth and between the mandibular condyle and the frontal bone
B) Between the maxillary and mandibular teeth and between the mandibular condyle and the ethmoid bone
C) Between the maxillary and mandibular teeth and between the maxillary condyle and the frontal bone
D) Between the maxillary and mandibular teeth and between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone
E) Between the maxillary condyle and the mandibular condyle

Question 36

The venous flow from areas supplied by the maxillary artery to the maxillary vein is through a complex configuration of tributaries called the __________________________.

A) mesenteric plexus of veins
B) pterygoid plexus of veins
C) buccal venous plexus
D) mental vein plexus
E) sphenopalatine venous plexus

Question 37

Which nerve supplies all the structures that arise from the mandibular process?

A) Cranial nerve III
B) Cranial nerve I
C) Masseter nerve
D) Cranial nerve V-3
E) Facial nerve

Question 38

The pterygopalatine fossa is seen through a narrow cleft, the _____________, between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the posterior wall of the maxilla.

A) pterygomaxillary fissure
B) infraorbital foramen
C) temporal fossa
D) mandibular fossa
E) inferior orbital fissure

Question 39

The _______ nerve passes into the parotid gland and becomes plexiform and forms five sets of branches-temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical-that supply the superficial muscles of facial expression and the platysma muscle.

A) optic
B) ophthalmic
C) petrosal
D) facial
E) trochlear

Question 40

The ___________ muscle is used as a landmark to divide the maxillary artery into three parts: (1) the portion before the muscle, (2) the portion passing over the muscle, and (3) the part after crossing the muscle.

A) infrahyoid
B) medial pterygoid
C) masseter
D) temporalis
E) lateral pterygoid

Question 41

Which two muscles act to raise the pharynx and larynx during the act of swallowing?

A) Palatopharyngeus and genioglossus
B) Styloglossus and stylopharyngeus
C) Hyoglossus and stylopharyngeus
D) Genioglossus and stylopharyngess
E) Palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus

Question 42

The larynx serves as an air passage between the _____________.

A) pharynx and trachea
B) trachea and lungs
C) oral cavity and pharynx
D) nasal cavity and pharynx
E) pharynx and epiglottis

Question 43

All mandibular teeth on the right side are supplied by the right ___________ nerve and on the left side by the left __________ nerve.

A) middle superior alveolar
B) superior alveolar
C) inferior alveolar
D) posterior superior alveolar
E) mental

Question 44

The ________, or hearing organ, is shaped like the shell of a snail and communicates with the vestibule and the middle ear.

A) cochlea
B) incus
C) tympanic cavity
D) malleus
E) semicircular canal

Question 45

The hollow space within the crown and neck of a tooth that contains odontoblasts, connective tissue cells, and blood vessels and arteries is the ______________________.

A) alveolus
B) pulp chamber
C) dentine
D) cementum
E) enamel

Question 46

The three major salivary glands are the _______________________________.

A) submandibular, sublingual, and nasal
B) salivary, maxillary, and mandibular
C) salivary, parotid, and nasal
D) parotid, lingual, and sublingual
E) submandibular, sublingual, and parotid

Question 47

The portion of the ear that is concerned with the reception of sound and balance is the ___________________.

A) tympanic membrane
B) malleus
C) middle ear cavity
D) internal ear
E) external ear

Question 48

Perilymph and endolymph are found in which of the following?

A) Cochlea
B) Bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth
C) Stapedius
D) Tympanic membrane
E) Middle ear cavity

Question 49

All of the following are muscles of the tongue except the ___________.

A) palatoglossus
B) infrahyoid
C) genioglossus
D) styloglossus
E) hyoglossus

Question 50

The soft palate is the movable posterior third of the palate. It ends posteriorly as a free edge with a pendulous projection called the _______.

A) palatine tonsils
B) incisive papilla
C) uvula
D) palatal rugae
E) lingual frenulum

Question 51

All of the following are muscles of the soft palate except the ___________.

A) palatopharyngeus
B) genioglossus
C) palatoglossus
D) uvular
E) tensor veli palatini

Question 52

All of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the laryngeal branches of the ________ nerve.

A) vagus
B) mental
C) hypoglossal
D) lingual
E) inferior alveolar

Question 53

The floor of the mouth is innervated by which three nerves?

A) Mesenteric, mental, and glossopharyngeal
B) Mental, nasopalatine, and pharyngeal
C) Nasal, pharyngeal, and infraorbital
D) Lingual, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal
E) Lingual, mesenteric, and hypoglossal

Question 54

In the larynx, a fibroelastic sheet between the vocal folds above and the superior border of the cricoid cartilage below, which is also referred to as the conus elasticus, is the ________________.

A) thyrohyoid membrane
B) ventricular ligament
C) quadrangular membrane
D) cricothyroid membrane
E) aryepiglottic ligament

Question 55

The __________ surface of a tooth is the masticating, or biting, surface.

A) vestibular
B) lingual
C) mesial
D) occlusal
E) distal

Question 56

The skeleton of the hard palate is formed by the ___________________.

A) mandible and right and left occipital bones
B) right and left maxillae and right and left sphenoid bones
C) mandible and right and left palatine bones
D) right and left maxillae and right and left palatine bones
E) mandible and right and left maxillae

Question 57

The _______ bone consists of a round head that projects upward into the epitympanic recess, two short processes, and a long process that extends inferiorly onto the medial aspect of the tympanic membrane.

A) incus
B) stapes
C) malleus
D) tympanic
E) ossicle

Question 58

The cricothyroid, transverse arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, aryepiglottic, and vocalis are all muscles of the __________________.

A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) epiglottis
D) oral cavity
E) trachea

Question 59

The ________ is a midline fold of mucous membrane running from the lingual gingiva posteriorly to the undersurface of the tongue.

A) lingual frenulum
B) uvula
C) palatine tonsil
D) palatal rugae
E) palatal raphe

Question 60

The __________ membrane stretches across the medial end of the external auditory meatus of the ear and vibrates in sympathy with incoming sound waves.

A) inner
B) middle
C) auditory
D) cochlear
E) tympanic

Question 61

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in which pain may be triggered by a light touch to the face, is a disorder of the _________________________.

A) facial artery
B) supraorbital nerve
C) supraorbital vein
D) trigeminal ganglion
E) mental nerve

Question 62

Malocclusion may be caused in the developing child for all of the following reasons except ___________.

A) inherited characteristics from the parents
B) premature loss of deciduous molars
C) chronic mouth breathing
D) oral habits, such as thumb sucking
E) tonsillitis

Question 63

If inflammation of the gums or gingivitis is left untreated, the disease may spread to other supporting structures and alveolar bone, a condition called _________.

A) orbital infection
B) periodontitis
C) caries
D) sinusitis
E) malocclusion

Question 64

__________ is a rupture of cerebral veins as they enter the superior sagittal sinus that results in a separation of the dura and arachnoid layers and forms a hematoma.

A) Intracranial hemorrhage
B) Meningitis
C) Encephalitis
D) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
E) Subdural hemorrhage

Question 65

Saliva contains high levels of ___________, which can precipitate spontaneously as supragingival calculus, particularly on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth.

A) calcium phosphate
B) potassium
C) iron
D) phosphorus
E) acetic acid

Question 66

The chorda tympani nerve, which runs through the middle ear, and the greater petrosal nerve are branches of the _________ nerve.

A) mental
B) lingual
C) nasopalatine
D) facial
E) olfactory

Question 67

Toothache in the maxillary arch may be caused by referred pain from an infected sinus because ______________________.

A) the maxilla is part of the sinus
B) the maxilla and sinus share a common artery
C) the maxilla and sinus share a common vein
D) the maxilla and sinus share a common nerve supply
E) sinusitis may refer pain throughout the head

Question 68

Damage to the upper motor neurons of the facial nerve results in ___________________.

A) paralysis of the upper facial muscles on the ipsilateral side
B) paralysis of the lower facial muscles on the contralateral side
C) paralysis of the upper facial muscles on the contralateral side
D) spasms of upper and lower facial muscles on the ipsilateral side
E) no visible paralysis of the face

Question 69

__________ is increased intraocular pressure caused by obstructed outflow of aqueous humor that progressively destroys the exiting fibers of the optic nerve.

A) Myopia
B) Dacryostenosis
C) Cataract
D) Glaucoma
E) Astigmatism

Question 70

The buccal artery is a branch of the _____ artery.

A) facial
B) inferior alveolar
C) maxillary
D) ophthalmic
E) superficial temporal

Question 71

Depression of the mandible is accomplished by bilateral contractions of the _____ muscles(s).

A) medial pterygoid
B) deep heads of the masseter
C) temporalis
D) superior heads of the lateral pterygoid
E) inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid

Question 72

When a tooth becomes nonvital, the pulpal tissues die and the remaining necrotic debris usually becomes infected. What causes a tooth to become nonvital?

A) Loss of innervation
B) Loss of blood supply
C) Tonsillitis
D) Sinusitis
E) Extraction of the tooth

Question 73

In an emergency caused by airway obstruction, the best way to secure a patent airway is with a/an ____________________________.

A) tracheostomy
B) endotracheal intubation
C) cricothyrotomy
D) cardiopulmonary resuscitation
E) tonsillectomy

Question 74

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a ___________________________.

A) potentially fatal infection arising from the face or orbit that spreads into the cavernous sinus and causes an intracranial thrombus
B) spasm in the cavernous sinus caused by an infection in the mandible or maxilla
C) disorder of the facial vein
D) congenital disorder of the paranasal sinuses
E) minor infection of the inferior or superior sagittal sinus

Question 75

The usual cause of myofascial pain syndrome (fibromyalgia), which involves pain emanating from fibrous muscle sheaths, muscle, tendons, and ligaments, in the masticator region is ________________.

A) mandibular tooth infection
B) maxillary tooth infection
C) bruxism
D) arthritis
E) internal disc derangement