Deck 11: Stress and Health

Question 1

Kendall was advised by her doctor to add some exercise into her life. Using the stages of change model, which stage would Kendall be in if she was thinking, "It might be tough, but I think I can fit in some exercise during my week."

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) action

Answer 1

preparation

Question 2

Each of these would be defined as hassles EXCEPT:

A) a task taking longer than expected.
B) a tornado destroying your house.
C) conflict with family members.
D) an especially long to-do list.

Answer 2

a tornado destroying your house.

Question 3

Using _____ coping strategies works best when stressors are controllable, whereas using _____ coping strategies works best when stressors are uncontrollable.

A) no; problem-focused
B) problem-focused; emotion-focused
C) emotion-focused; problem-focused
D) no; emotion-focused

Answer 3

problem-focused; emotion-focused

Question 4

An acculturation strategy in which you keep the old culture and reject the new culture is called:

A) assimilation.
B) separation.
C) marginalization.
D) integration.

Question 5

Which is an example of a problem-focused coping strategy?

A) talking to your partner about how you feel
B) working more hours to pay off debt
C) shouting at your partner when mad or upset
D) going out for drinks with coworkers

Question 6

Your body's _____ system innately defends against bacteria, viruses, infections, injuries, and anything else that could cause illness or death.

A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) immune
D) digestive

Question 7

An individual from an individualistic culture would MOST likely feel stress about:

A) ailing parents.
B) being up for promotion at work.
C) conflicts in family relationships.
D) providing enough support to family members.

Question 8

Which statement BEST exemplifies a primary appraisal?

A) "Taking on a double major is just too much work!"
B) "If I plan my weeks well, I can complete a double major."
C) "I am not organized enough to complete a double major."
D) "If I tutor, I can quit my job as a server and have more time for a double major."

Question 9

_____ is an attitude toward the future characterized by hope or expectation of a positive outcome.

A) Mindfulness
B) Positivism
C) Optimism
D) Idealism

Question 10

A situation where people experience trauma, but find a way to benefit, improve, or enrich themselves from that point forward is called _____ by psychologists.

A) posttraumatic growth
B) psychological growth
C) psychological adjustment
D) posttraumatic adjustment

Question 11

Which statement about coping is FALSE?

A) People from collectivistic ethnicities tend to cope by changing things within themselves.
B) People from individualistic ethnicities tend to cope by changing things outside themselves.
C) There is no single formula for how best to cope with stress.
D) There is no real way to cope with stress effectively.

Question 12

_____ would MOST likely result from the fight-or-flight response being stifled or ignored.

A) Mental illness
B) Stress
C) Exhaustion
D) Anger

Question 13

Which is NOT associated with high levels of digital stress?

A) increased communication load
B) Internet multitasking
C) feeling the need to be available 24/7
D) lower levels of burnout

Question 14

Stress associated with the process of managing old and new cultures is called _____ stress.

A) marginalized
B) acculturative
C) integration
D) cultural

Question 15

During the high school years, _____ is a common source of stress.

A) dating
B) saving money
C) athletics
D) making friends

Question 16

_____ is the tendency to cooperate and comply with other people.

A) Openness to experience
B) Conscientiousness
C) Agreeableness
D) Extraversion

Question 17

Lisa has a research paper due tomorrow. She notices that her muscles feel tense, her stomach is upset, her pulse is quick, and she is grinding her teeth. Lisa's reaction is MOST likely defined as:

A) sickness.
B) stress.
C) normal.
D) mental illness.

Question 18

What is the correct order of the stages in the stages of change model?

A) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
B) preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance
C) maintenance, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action
D) preparation, maintenance, precontemplation, contemplation, action

Question 19

Health psychology is the psychological specialization that focuses on:

A) only the health of the mind.
B) only the health of the body.
C) the relationship between the mind and the body.
D) how the mind works independent of the body.

Question 20

Your _____ is defined by the relationships you have with friends, family, and others that can be beneficial when experiencing stress.

A) reciprocal support
B) social convoy
C) social group
D) social support

Question 21

You gain knowledge or understanding from your family and friends who make up your _____ social support.

A) instrumental
B) informational
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 22

Hardiness is described by psychologists as consisting of all of these EXCEPT:

A) control.
B) commitment.
C) consistency.
D) challenge.

Question 23

You receive warmth, reassurance, or other expressions of feeling from family and friends who make up your _____ social support.

A) instrumental
B) informational
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 24

Cathy has been attending yoga for several months and has learned to focus on her breathing. When she is not in yoga, she spends 20 minutes a day reflecting on her breathing and quieting her mind. This is BEST described as:

A) homeopathic medicine.
B) concentrative meditation.
C) acupuncture.
D) mindfulness meditation.

Question 25

The standard, mainstream Western health care system with doctors, nurses, and hospitals is referred to as _____ medicine.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) complementary
D) alternative

Question 26

Which statement about the results of research on mindfulness is FALSE?

A) Organ transplant recipients who also received mindfulness training at the same time were lower in depression, anxiety, and insomnia 6 months later.
B) Diabetic patients who received mindfulness training were significantly better both medically and psychologically a full year later than were similar patients who did not receive the training.
C) Making a mindfulness-based change in your thinking can decrease stress and many of its consequences.
D) Mindfulness takes too much effort and time, and actually increases stress levels in people who receive the training.

Question 27

Researchers have found that prolonged _____ is the most toxic stressor of all, often producing serious physical and psychological health problems.

A) drinking
B) avoidance
C) social isolation
D) sadness

Question 28

Male individuals are more likely to experience trauma related to _____, while female individuals are more likely to experience trauma related to _____.

A) war; sexual assault
B) sexual assault; physical assault
C) war; physical assault
D) sexual assault; war

Question 29

Stress is an unpleasant reaction to circumstances you perceive as challenging that can be _____ in nature.

A) both physical or psychological
B) only physical
C) only psychological
D) neither physical or psychological

Question 30

Who is demonstrating the MOST hardiness?

A) Allyne, who was just laid off and has decided to go back to school
B) Samuel, who was given a chance to be promoted but turned it down because he did not think he was qualified
C) Nicole, who is going through a divorce and has decided to move back in with her parents
D) Stephen, who is avoiding his relationship issues with his girlfriend of 5 years

Question 31

_____ psychology has become increasingly influential in how people are treated for stress-related problems.

A) Developmental
B) Social
C) Health
D) Forensic

Question 32

A person high in mindfulness:

A) lives on autopilot, numbly going through the motions of life.
B) actively pays attention to what is happening to him or her.
C) represses emotions or evades stress through distractions.
D) stays active and engaged in activities to avoid stress.

Question 33

Assimilation is an acculturation strategy in which a person:

A) abandons the old culture and embraces the new culture.
B) keeps the old culture and rejects the new culture.
C) rejects both the old and the new cultures.
D) keeps the old culture while embracing the new culture.

Question 34

Jayson failed his chemistry exam, mostly because he was sleep deprived. Jayson was unable to get enough sleep because his roommate played his guitar all night despite Jayson asking him not to. Jayson now feels depressed and worried about his future in his chemistry class. These are all stressors EXCEPT:

A) failing the chemistry exam.
B) not getting enough sleep.
C) worrying about his class grade.
D) his roommate not letting him sleep.

Question 35

Cynthia was devastated when her cat had to be put to sleep. Cynthia's friend, Nina, went to the vet's office with her and then took her out for coffee. Nina listened with compassion and understanding while Cynthia explained how upset she was. Nina provided _____ social support to Cynthia.

A) instrumental
B) informational
C) emotional
D) cognitive

Question 36

When people from individualistic cultures get stressed, they tend to feel it _____, while when individuals from collectivistic cultures get stressed, they tend to feel it _____.

A) mentally; emotionally
B) physically; emotionally
C) physically; mentally
D) mentally; physically

Question 37

_____ meditation involves a focus on a single stimulus, often coming from within the person, such as breathing patterns or a repeated sound.

A) Homeopathic
B) Mindfulness
C) Concentrative
D) Concerted

Question 38

Aliyah is about to apply for her first job. She is not sure what she needs to have with her and is unsure of the process. Her older brother and her aunt help her to make a checklist of the things she needs to do and the things she should bring with her. Aliyah's brother and aunt make up her _____ social support.

A) instrumental
B) informational
C) emotional
D) intellectual

Question 39

Levi has a midterm exam on Monday, and that is also the day his 25-page term paper is due. Which is an emotion-focused coping method he might use to deal with these stressors?

A) convince himself that grades are not such a big deal
B) set up a schedule for studying and working on the paper
C) schedule times at the Tutoring and Writing Centers on campus
D) work extra hours at his part-time job

Question 40

Which statement about social support is FALSE?

A) People with continuously low levels of social support are significantly less likely to die early.
B) Social support has been found to be a powerful buffer from many psychological problems.
C) Women seem to have a way of generating social support that is uniquely effective in helping with stressful situations.
D) The better your relationships with other people, the better your chances of withstanding stressful situations.

Question 41

A form of psychotherapy that is based on the notion of thinking about the things that happen in more realistic and logical ways is referred to as _____ therapy.

A) behavioral
B) sociocultural
C) cognitive
D) intellectual

Question 42

_____ appraisal is determining how stressful an event is to you.

A) Secondary
B) Major
C) Minor
D) Primary

Question 43

Nour moved to America from Lebanon when she was 15 years old. Within a few years, Nour decided to dress like American teenagers and abandoned the Lebanese way of dressing. Nour's behaviors are MOST consistent with which acculturation strategy?

A) assimilation
B) separation
C) marginalization
D) integration

Question 44

During the middle school years, _____ is a common source of stress.

A) a power struggle with parents
B) making friends
C) starting to date
D) money

Question 45

_____ describes a reaction, while _____ describes a situation.

A) Stress; stressor
B) Stressor; stress
C) Stress; illness
D) Illness; stress

Question 46

_____ appraisal is determining how capable you are of coping with a stressful event.

A) Secondary
B) Major
C) Minor
D) Primary

Question 47

Social norms play a significant role in what males and females experience as stressful. Women experience more _____-related stress, while men experience more stress related to _____.

A) caregiving; money
B) money; housekeeping
C) housekeeping; caregiving
D) career; money

Question 48

When your body responds to a perceived threat by preparing you to either attack it or to run away from it, you are engaged in:

A) the survival instinct.
B) the rest and digest response.
C) an evolutionary reflex.
D) the fight-or-flight response.

Question 49

Twenty-five-year old Chisomo moved from Zambia to the United States and finds herself in a new culture. She finds it stressful to figure out how to handle both the culture she is used to and the new culture. Chisomo is experiencing what psychologists call _____ stress.

A) cultural
B) assimilation
C) integration
D) acculturative

Question 50

Another name for Type D personality is _____ personality.

A) antisocial
B) distressed
C) depressed
D) avoidant

Question 51

_____ is the tendency to be receptive to new or unconventional ideas.

A) Conscientiousness
B) Neuroticism
C) Extraversion
D) Openness to experience

Question 52

Who is BEST exemplifying proactive coping?

A) Sook, who is reading her employee manual before she starts her high-powered new job
B) Sofia, who is spending time on her appearance right before her big date
C) Santiago, who is having lunch with his coworkers after a major disagreement in the office
D) Chung, who is studying for his difficult calculus exam that is tomorrow

Question 53

Which is not one of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) constantly feeling on edge
B) frequently talking about the trauma
C) having frightening dreams
D) having difficulty sleeping

Question 54

_____ psychology is the psychological specialization that focuses on the relationship between the mind and the body.

A) Developmental
B) Social
C) Health
D) Forensic

Question 55

Chelsea was advised by her doctor to add some exercise into her life. Using the stages of change model, which stage would Chelsea be in if she was thinking, "I'm in good shape without exercising, why do I need to exercise?"

A) contemplation
B) precontemplation
C) action
D) maintenance

Question 56

Nour's parents are heavily immersed in their Lebanese culture. They have not accepted the American culture and still eat Lebanese-style meals, and they celebrate all of the holidays of their culture. Nour's parents' behaviors are MOST consistent with the acculturation strategy of:

A) assimilation.
B) separation.
C) marginalization.
D) integration.

Question 57

_____ is the tendency to be organized, responsible, and deliberate.

A) Extraversion
B) Openness to experience
C) Agreeableness
D) Conscientiousness

Question 58

Carol always seems down in the dumps, but does not share those emotions or reasons with her family and friends. Carol MOST likely has a _____ personality.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 59

In hardiness, _____ is staying involved in a tough situation even when it gets stressful, as opposed to looking for an easy escape.

A) control
B) commitment
C) consistency
D) challenge

Question 60

Which acculturation strategy produces the LEAST stress?

A) assimilation
B) separation
C) marginalization
D) integration

Question 61

Philippe moved to Texas from Mexico to attend college. Philippe has embraced American culture, particularly the language and the music. He also has held strongly to his Mexican roots by celebrating significant holidays and eating his favorite authentic Mexican meals. This acculturation strategy is BEST known as:

A) assimilation.
B) separation.
C) marginalization.
D) integration.

Question 62

Which is the BEST example of a common source of stress unique to the young adult years?

A) academic achievement
B) dating
C) making friends
D) finishing school

Question 63

Women are uniquely vulnerable to stressors related to _____, while men are uniquely vulnerable to stressors related to _____.

A) career; fertility
B) pregnancy; impotence
C) career; pregnancy
D) career; impotence

Question 64

As mindfulness _____, stress _____.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; decreases
D) increases; stays the same

Question 65

Primary appraisal is determining _____, and secondary appraisal is determining _____.

A) how stressful an event is to you; how capable you are of coping with a stressful event
B) how capable you are of coping with a stressful event; how stressful an event is to you
C) if the stressor is a hassle or a catastrophe; how you will deal with the stressor
D) how you will deal with the stressor; if the stressor is a hassle or a catastrophe

Question 66

Which statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is FALSE?

A) Just because a person experiences a trauma does not mean that person will develop PTSD.
B) Human beings can be quite resilient in the aftermath of horrific events.
C) A person diagnosed with PTSD will seek to avoid reminders of the traumatic event.
D) In order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the person must directly experience the trauma.

Question 67

Mikey has been having lower back pain. His friend suggests trying _____, a technique involving the insertion of needles into the skin at specific points to alleviate stress or pain.

A) meditation
B) homeopathic medicine
C) biofeedback
D) acupuncture

Question 68

Lucinda was a victim of a school shooting. She was not directly involved but she was in the school at the time of the shooting and witnessed panic among the students and staff. Lucinda was able to relax and recover over the summer, but as the time neared for going back to school, Lucinda was unable to sleep and started having distressing nightmares. What would be the MOST likely diagnosis for Lucinda?

A) acute stress disorder
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) adjustment disorder
D) anxiety disorder

Question 69

An acculturation strategy in which you reject both the old and the new culture is called:

A) assimilation.
B) separation.
C) marginalization.
D) integration.

Question 70

Health care that supplements conventional medicine is called _____ medicine.

A) preconventional
B) alternative
C) complementary
D) traditional

Question 71

Which statement about stress is FALSE?

A) Stress can contribute to any psychological disorder.
B) Depression and schizophrenia can worsen in times of high stress.
C) High stress can help to keep psychological disorders under control.
D) There are stress-related disorders listed in the DSM-V.

Question 72

Which statement about the stress-related health risks of watching sports on TV is FALSE?

A) Some studies suggest that watching sports on TV can increase stress, but is not related to any increase in big health problems.
B) Some studies dispute research that claims that deaths or cardiac emergencies increases after major sporting events on TV.
C) Those who already have stress-related health problems are more likely to experience stress and related health issues after watching sports.
D) Worse stress-related outcomes seem to follow watching losses rather than wins by major sports teams on TV.

Question 73

The illnesses that psychoneuroimmunologists focus on are called _____ illnesses.

A) psychological
B) physiological
C) psychophysiological
D) psychopathological

Question 74

The _____ branch of the nervous system mediates the "fight-or-flight" response.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) stress
D) central

Question 75

_____ can be physical, such as tense muscles or a headache. It can also be psychological, such as sadness or anxiety.

A) Stress
B) Mental illness
C) Sickness
D) Disabilities

Question 76

Baxter keeps snapping at his friends and constantly complains of headaches. His friends know that Baxter's mom has a serious illness, which could be the reason Baxter is irritable. The reaction Baxter is experiencing is BEST known as:

A) psychological.
B) illness.
C) weakness.
D) stress.

Question 77

When you face an acute stressor, your body will go through the _____ of the general adaptation syndrome. When you face chronic stress, your body will go through the _____ of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) exhaustion and alarm stages; resistance stage
B) exhaustion and resistance stages; alarm stage
C) exhaustion stage; alarm and resistance stages
D) alarm and resistance stages; exhaustion stage

Question 78

_____ meditation involves increased attention to all stimuli in the internal and external environment.

A) Homeopathic
B) Mindfulness
C) Concentrative
D) Concerted

Question 79

_____ is an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction to circumstances you perceive as challenging.

A) Stress
B) Mental illness
C) Illness
D) Hassle

Question 80

Which statement is FALSE about the "fight-or-flight" response?

A) It is a product of evolution.
B) It is of no benefit to humans today.
C) When active, your heart rate increases.
D) Stress results from it being stifled.